The wotchi pa zizindikiro gasi kumaliseche. maola chiwembu kumaliseche zizindikiro

Ntchito zizindikiro kumaliseche zingachititse chidwi kwambiri wotchi Nixie Clock. Pa nkhani imeneyi, munthu atsegula kwambiri mwayi. Mapulani kwa maola n'zotheka ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Komanso, anthu kulenga angaonetse pa maola chidwi kamangidwe.

Ena amakhulupirira kuti gasi kumaliseche nyali ndi zovuta zambiri, choncho ndi bwino ntchito Anzawo fulorosenti, koma izi wonyenga. Mbali yoyamba, munthu analandira zinthu zimene amagwira ntchito likunena ndi mwamphamvu ukagwira. Pamene nyali fulorosenti kuwotcha lokha. zomwe ndi vuto lalikulu.

zinthu zofunika maola zizindikiro

Ngati tilibe kuganizira chipangizo, ndi mwachindunji amasonyeza, chidutswa chachikulu chimene Chip. Iwo amalola kuti kuchita zimenezi zipangizo weniweni nthawi. Komanso, chitsanzo zikuphatikizapo transistors ndi capacitors. Mphamvu mabatire kotunga ali makamaka ntchito. Transformers ndi inductors zili ndi si onse koloko pa zizindikiro gasi kumaliseche.

Kodi kusonkhana ndi wotchi ndi transistors SV303?

The wotchi pa kumaliseche zizindikiro anapereka transistors SV303 zikuphatikizapo mtundu ochititsa kuti. Chinthu choyamba kuona kuti iwo pafupifupi simukhala otentha pa ntchito. Ngati ife kulankhula za nyale kumaliseche, ndi ofunika kuti ntchito yatsopano, kunja kwa sitolo. Apo ayi, iwo adzakhala maola ochepa kwambiri. Potanthauza chiwerengero cha kukhudzana dzina zambiri ntchito.

Chip The amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa K15554 zino, ndipo adzaupereka kwa gulu la zitatu njira, linanena bungwe kwa magetsi ali awiri. Capacitors Indicators wotchi pa kumaliseche makamaka opaleshoni ndi mphamvu yaing'ono. Nthawi zina, angapezeke mu zipangizo stabilizers. Imeneyi, katundu transistors ndi kwambiri retracts. Monga thupi liri N'kutheka kuti ntchito bokosi wamba.

Galimoto zipangizo ndi stabilizers

Galimoto maola zizindikiro kumaliseche ndi stabilizers tsiku ndi kuvomerezedwa pazikhalanso zimachitika converters. n'zofunika mu zipangizo kuti kupatsira chizindikiro kwa Chip lapansi. Capacitors muyezo wotchi dera pa kumaliseche mphamvu zizindikiro sikumangotanthauza oposa 50 PF. Transistors Nayenso zikuphatikizapo mtundu ochititsa kuti.

Ngati tikambirana dongosolo ndi capacitors atatu, ndipo pozindikira pa Chip ayenera atatu. Kuchepetsa transistors kukana zifunika kupirira ohms 6. Ngati ife kulankhula za katundu panopa, ndi kuonera avareji 74 ali osavomerezeka Pankhaniyi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama awiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mlingo wa voteji linanena bungwe kuonjezera kwambiri. Motero, munthu adzakhala ndi kuika mafyuzi.

Akungoyang'ana ntchito inductor

The pazipita katundu inductor angathe komabe 5 A. The magetsi ntchito zawo ndi zofunikira kwambiri. Mwachindunji ndondomeko buku ikuchitika mu magawo awiri. Choyamba ntchito chikugwirizana capacitors onse. Pankhaniyi iwo akugwiritsidwa kokha electrolytic mtundu. Mu gawo lachiwiri adamulowetsa resistors pairwise. Kumaliseche zizindikiro imeneyi, kulimbikira mkati anapitiriza 50 ohms. Kuteteza chipangizo, ambiri akulangizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo chitetezo zoletsa kuti madera yochepa.

Chitsanzo rectifiers ndi zizindikiro mu 12b

Indicators zimatulutsa MU-12b ndi rectifiers kulola kusunga pafupipafupi dera pa 60 Hz. Chifukwa ichi, linanena bungwe voteji si upambana 15 V. stabilizers mu matabwa zambiri ntchito mzere mtundu. Chitetezo yochepa dera mu nkhani iyi ndi zofunika kwambiri. Kuti transistors angathe komabe kukana kwambiri, ntchito ndi RR200 ankachita.

zinthu Maganizo maola, monga ulamuliro, kawirikawiri ntchito. Mwachindunji bolodi ndi kwa maora K155 zino. The madutsidwe matenthedwe wa iwo ndithu wabwino, ndipo ambiri amasiyana ntchito kwambiri. Converters kale ntchito kawirikawiri ndithu. The resistors utakhazikika, mfundo, safuna, ndi kuti ndi mwayi. Zimatulutsa zizindikiro imeneyi, kusunga kulimbikira 50 ohms.

Mitundu ndi masensa kutentha

Clock zizindikiro kumaliseche ndi kachipangizo kutentha zimathandiza zolamulira zinthu zazikulu za dera la. Monga ulamuliro, pasadakhale zovuta kuwerengera kutentha katundu pa makamaka awiri resistors. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, lama fuyusi anaika sangawapulumutse zinthu. Komanso mwa kuukitsa kutentha maola bwanji tiransifoma. Pamene yachiwiri akutsirizika ndi mkulu voteji, kukhulupirika ake akhoza kusweka.

Maola ntchito converters

Converters maola Kawirikawiri ntchito ambiri. Pankhaniyi, amalimbikitsa chipangizo si anaika thiransifoma. Komabe, kuipa Pankhaniyi komanso zilipo ndipo ayenera kumwedwa nkhani. The drawback choyamba ndi converters lalikulu athandizira voteji, omwe nthawi zina upambana 16 V. The mgwirizano misinkhu yonse imeneyi ndi zambiri zovuta.

Kusintha cathodes akhoza kukhala otsika kachedwedwe. Kuti athetse mavuto onsewa angathe kukhala ndi thandizo la microcontrollers. Akatswiri kugwiritsa ntchito iwo ndi mndandanda "Mega 8". Kusintha wotchi adzafunika mabatani atatu okha. Ena isanayambe vuto msonkhano posankha LEDs. Pakali pano, abwino kwambiri akuti ndi zinthu ndi wofiira. Yang'anani pa mapeto adzakhala mu nyumba zodabwitsa. Kwa manambala mu nyali mpweya kumaliseche, monga nthawi yonse, ntchito kulankhula ndi.

Dongosolo mpweya mu zipangizo

Mpweya dongosolo wotchi angakhale osiyana. Njira zosavuta kwa chipangizo antchito kuzirala akuti ndi zachilengedwe mpweya kudzera mwa mabowo pa nyumba ya. Iwo akhoza kukhala ku mbali ziwiri nthawi imodzi. Nkofunika kuzindikira kuti kuposa penyani basi overheats Converter. Poganizira zimenezi, mwina si analimbikitsa kuti asalalikire khadi lake. Ngati tikambirana chitsanzo mayunitsi magetsi kwa 15 V, pazipita transmitters kutentha kudzakhala 40 madigiri. Izi zimachitika, ndipo palibe akonzekeretse koloko Nixie Clock ozizira.

maola chiwembu ndi magudumu mkati

Mapulani kwa kumaliseche ndi zizindikiro mkati magudumu idzagwiritsa ntchito katundu wa mphamvu pa 30 V. The mkati kukana nyamuka Pankhaniyi 2 ohms. Kutsegula munthu pazipita transistors 5 A. Kuti musankhe koloko mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito microcontrollers. Zoona patsogolo panopa zimatengera nzeru khwatsi lapansi. Transistors madera zophweka kukwaniritsa zizindikiro zambiri kupereka mtundu ochititsa kuti.

Kutentha masensa n'zochepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake n'chakuti dongosolo mwamtheradi safuna thiransifoma ku sekondale kumulowetsa. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, madutsidwe matenthedwe ndi otsika kwambiri. Anode mafungulo kwa madoko ntchito. Iwo ali oyenera okha matabwa pa zolumikizira atatu. Microcontrollers Series "Mega 8" Pankhaniyi angadziwire. Pakuti fimuweya gulu kumafuna pakhomo polojekiti mkulu.

The wotchi pa capacitors PP22

Clock zizindikiro kuti zimatulutsa capacitors wa mtundu uwu angathe kupereka chizindikiro stably kwambiri. kuyan'anila pakhomo mu nkhani iyi si mkulu. maola Resistors akugwiritsidwa kokha ndi impedance ndi poyerekeza 6 ohms. Athandizira voteji ayenera kukhala osachepera 6 V. mayikidwe zigawo kumachitika kokha mwa kusintha kwa cathodes.

Converters kwa capacitors wa mtundu uwu ali oyenera mndandanda wa "Khalani Up". Komanso chisamaliro ayenera kumwedwa kuteteza dongosolo, kupewa yochepa dera. Chip capacitors ntchito kokha pa zotuluka awiri. Pankhaniyi madoko n'kutheka kuti ndalama zisanu. Stabilizers kuti capacitors ali makamaka ntchito mu kalasi liniya. Kuchepetsa voteji pa athandizira ayenera kukhala osachepera 5 V.

Kodi pali wotchi ndi tchipisi awiri?

The wotchi pa kumaliseche chizindikiro ndi tchipisi awiri tsiku n'zochepa kwambiri. N'zofunika kwa ndondomeko mofulumira kalunzanitsidwe. Pankhaniyi, nyali lophimba cathode ndi nkhani nanoseconds. transistors Maganizo zoterozo wotchi sangathe ntchito. Mlingo osachepera kukana mu nkhani iyi ayenera udzakhazikitsidwe pa mlingo wa 50 ohms.

Nayenso transistors zifunika kupirira voteji mu A. Converters maola 30, nthawi zambiri unkakhala zimachitika mtundu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, kusintha kwa mtundu bayinare mofulumira. Mwachindunji milingo chiyanjo amapezeka microcontroller lapansi. Zonse voteji mu chipangizo chingapezeke mwa stabilizer ndi. Komabe, osachepera capacitance wa capacitor ndi ayenera kukhala 22 PF.

Chitsanzo mafyuzi KA445

Izi mafyuzi a mtundu amanena kuti electrolytically. Kuchepetsa mphamvu ali chimodzimodzi 10 PF. Kumayambiriro kwa unyolo, iwo nthawi zambiri anaika pamaso transistors. The LEDs mu koloko Nkofunika ntchito mkulu bandiwifi. Pa Chip ayenera kuperekedwa madoko osachepera atatu. Mu mtundu uwu wa liniya yang'anira ndi soldered kutero. Ndi mkulu athandizira voteji waukulu mmene akuthandizeni kulimbana lama fuyusi.

Ngati ife amapatula ntchito mu chopatsilira koloko, inu mukhoza kutenga thiransifoma yachiwiri akutsirizika. Iwo anaika pamaso magetsi. Mafyuzi, akatswiri amalangiza ntchito kokhako lama fuyusi. Iwo adzakhala kwa nthawi yaitali maola. Pamaso resistors khwatsi n'kofunika kudziikira malire a 33 ohms. The magetsi ayenera anaikira 15 V ndi malire pafupipafupi dongosolo adzakhala kwanthawi mozungulira 60 Hz.