The zovala mtundu wa Ayuda; photos, ikulongosola

Amene akhoza dzina zizindikiro zazikulu kusiyana pakati pa Ayuda ku mitundu ina? National zovala. Kufotokozera za izo ndi Adzaperekedwa ku tcheru chanu nkhani, monga zovala zonse allocates Myuda m'khamulo.

Ayuda - anthu zapadnosemitskoy gulu mofananira kuti Aluya ndi amhartsam (Ethiopia). Inde, zingaoneke zachilendo, nthawi zonse akumenyana ndi sindimakonda lililonse Aluya ndi Ayuda ena - achibale, za momwe Russian ndi Zitsulo.

Komabe, chipembedzo, chikhalidwe ambiri ndi zovala makamaka pakati pa anthu awa sindimakonda. Ayuda Traditional kuvala zokongola kwambiri ndipo likusonyeza oimira mtundu m'khamulo. Anthu masiku ano kutali ndi chipembedzo - ndi mtundu wa Ayuda kavalidwe kwathunthu chifukwa cha zikhulupiriro zachipembedzo - zingaoneke zosamveka, ndi zina zachikale, "anachronistic." ndi zovala za Ayuda dziko chiyani? Black malaya, zipewa, malamba - izi zovala achiyuda "kuyitana khadi" Myuda. A pang'ono pokha kudziwika skullcap - beanie. Komabe, izi si zinthu zonse chipinda Ayuda. ndi zovala za Ayuda dziko chiyani? Photo m'nkhani akutionetsa chifaniziro cha Myuda, atavala malinga ndi malamulo a anthu ake.

Ayuda mfundo zovala

zovala National anthu a Ayuda inayambira mu masiku amakedzana. Kwa zaka zambiri, iwo zikusintha, ndi chifukwa kuti - chilakolako cha Ayuda chinthu okha (pambuyo pa zonse, m'mayiko ambiri hakhatawiriswa moyo konse, kapena anatilola kuthetsa m'madera mosamalitsa anasankha) kapena kuphunzira. Masiku atsopano chaonekera chiyambi cha XІX atumwi anapanga ndi nthumwi ya Ayuda adanyerezera kusanduza chovala wawo zovala European; iwo anayamba kuvala mafashoni a nthawi imeneyo - monga ntchito Chiheberi zikuphatikizapo yaitali malaya wakuda ndi zipewa. Kenako kalembedwe imeneyi "ndi" ndipo anakhala mmodzi mwa njira "miyambo" achiyuda chobvala, pamene mu dziko lonse, adatuluka mafashoni.

Koma kusintha ali ndi ena tanthauzo - national, maganizo ndi chipembedzo. mfundo zake zimaonekera mu anecdote otchuka. Zimamveka pa chiyambi cha XІX zana limodzi mwa Ayuda amenewo wophunzira anadza kwa mphunzitsi, ngati mdindo wa kupembedza wakale, ndipo anaganiza kuti "pini", anafunsa, "Rebbe, ndi zoti azivala kholo lathu Abulahamu?". The mphunzitsi anayankha modekha kuti: "Mwananga, sindikudziwa zimene kuvala Abraham - mu silika chobvala kapena shtreimel; koma ine ndendende mmene iye anasankha zovala zake iye ankawoneka ngati diresi sali Ayuda, ndipo anavala mosiyana. "

Inde, kwa zaka Ayuda adafuna kukhala osiyana ndi mitundu ina ndipo anachita ndi zotentheka zochuluka kuposa mitundu ina yonse ya kum'mawa. Chikunja chipembedzo cha Ayuda akadali amakanitsitsa kuitana "chikunja" (ngakhale mosamalitsa pa sayansi mu "achikunja" mukaganiziridwe pokhapokha chikhulupiriro cha Ayuda, chifukwa pafupifupi sanali kukumana kuyanjana ndi miyambo yachilendo).

Ayuda music, kuphika, makhalidwe, zovala - zonsezi ayenera kukhala nthawi zonse monga ena, koma mmene ayenera kuyang'ana, nkhani zazing'ono. Ngakhale woyeretsedwa - mndandanda wa zophikira (osati) cha mbalume ndi - ambiri Orthodox Ayuda anamasulira yekha monga: "Kosher polima kuti kusiyanitsa Ayuda amene sanali Ayuda." Mofananamo, mdulidwe ...

N'zosadabwitsa kuti Western European zovala chiyambi cha m'ma watha tsopano mwalamulo ankaona zovala chikhalidwe cha Chiyuda. zovala National wa Ayuda Russia zingaoneke penapake chachilendo ndi zachilendo, koma ndi mwambo wa anthu ena kuti ayenera kulemekezedwa.

skullcap

Izi ndi beanie chomwecho. Ayuda ochokera ku Soviet Union amaganiza kuti dzina lake likuchokera ku dzina la Russian Ermolai. Koma pamene akufika ku Israel, am'deralo iwo kufotokoza kuti chipewa ndi dzina la mawu akuti "yere Malka" - ". Amaopa Mbuye" Ndiko kuti, atavala yarmulke, chiphunzitso, zikutanthauza kuti mwiniwake kwambiri ndipo amakhulupirira kwambiri Mulungu.

Kodi kusankha yarmulke?

Kusankha yarmulke - ntchitoyi ndi losavuta ngati zikuoneka kuti sazidziwa bwinobwino. The masitolo Israeli iwo amagulitsa zisoti wamba - pa maalumali anaika skullcap zosiyanasiyana zamitundu, zipangizo, mitundu komanso kamangidwe kake. Komabe, mtundu wa wogula adzasankha - zimadalira chikhalidwe cha chipembedzo chake, ndi maganizo. Mwachitsanzo, Hasidim sakuzindikira veleveti ndi osokedwa skullcap. A Myuda achipembedzo amapeza kapu ya kalembedwe, chobvalidwa mu dera lake. Iyi ndi chinyezimiro cha mfundo za Chiyuda: zikuwoneka kwa akunja monolithic, yunifolomu mpatuko, koma kwenikweni lagawidwa ambiri kayendedwe, ziphunzitso zosiyana, malamulo, zovala, etc. The ubale pakati pa mitsinje ambiri kutali wochezeka ...

Cape

Ayuda dziko zovala chikuphatikizapo Cape. Mu Chiheberi umatchedwa "tallit katan" kapena "arbekanfes". Monga skullcap, ndi lingaliro kuvomerezedwa zovala Ayuda a. Ndi chidutswa quadrangular zakuthupi ndi kutsegula kwa mutu ndi maburashi anayi (Tzitzis) pa konsekonse. Cape akhoza kufooka pansi zovala kapena zakutha pamwamba monga shati, koma burashi nthawi ndi nthawi anaika pamwamba pa mathalauza. Aliyense burashi ali ulusi eyiti. Apanso, pali zinthu zina zimene zikusonyeza mafunde ena a Chiyuda.

The chidwi kwambiri ndipo ngakhale zachinsinsi gawo - chimodzi (pangakhale awiri) ulusi mu dzanja, utoto mtundu buluu. Zikutanthauza kuti mwini Cape wa - Radzinsky kapena Izhbitsky Hasid. Ponena za magwero a filaments awa ndi nthano. Akukhulupirira kuti buluu utoto - "theylet" - anapezeka kavalidwe Ayuda kalelo, koma zaka zikwi ziwiri zapitazo, Chinsinsi iye anataika. Kumapeto kwa chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi atumwi Hasidic mphunzitsi Gerisoni Hanoch-ndinalandira theylet kachiwiri, koma Chinsinsi sichinayambe anazindikira mwa ambiri Akuluakulu a Ayuda ngati "kwambiri" utoto. Choncho, umembala anali kayendedwe yekha theylet izi Ayuda.

Ndipotu kuyesa adzabwezeretsa Chinsinsi wakale ndi kuwafikitsa theylet ankaganiza ndi akatswiri ambiri Western ndi Ayuda popeza Middle Ages. anathandiza kuti zimenezi zinthu zakale amene anaonapo zotsalira za zomera wakale, ndi akatswiri amakono.

Tzitzit, malinga ndi malamulo achipembedzo, ayenera ankavala anthu onse amene afika zaka 13 zakubadwa. Izi zikutanthauza zaka ambiri (Bar Mitzvah). Kuvala maburashi umboni kuti mnyamata anatha kuyankha chifukwa cha zochita zawo ndi kutenga nawo mbali mu zochitika za akulu, kuphatikizapo aziwerenga ndi kukambirana Torah m'sunagoge.

"Casekits" ndi chipewa

zovala National Ayuda kwenikweni zikuphatikizapo headpiece. Kuvala yarmulke unkayenera Myuda aliyense achipembedzo. Komabe, nthawi zambiri izo zobisika mu headpiece chachiwiri. Iyi ndi chipewa, chipewa kapena "casekits" (Aka "dashek") - akale kalembedwe kapu. Yotsirizira makamaka wotchuka ndi Ayuda Russian ndi Polish, kuphatikizapo Hasidim.

Koma bwino chifukwa cha miyambo kakuda. Ayuda kuvala pa mlungu. Musaganize kuti zipewa onse chimodzimodzi; pakuti maonekedwe ake umunthu wa mwiniwake, mungadziwire kuposa pasipoti lapansi. chipewa kukula, malo ake pa mutu, chikhalidwe cha crease, ndi zinthu zina zikusonyeza, kumene mtsinje wa Chiyuda wa mwini zipewa ndi ngakhale ali ndi kachirombo pachisangalalo.

Shtraymbl

Shtraymbl - ichi ndi mtundu wachitatu wa chisoti, chomwe ndi mbali ya zovala Ayuda dziko. Koma adagawira okha Hasidim. Shtraymbl - cylindrical ubweya kapu. Iwo ndi mitundu oposa khumi ndi awiri. Pankhaniyi pali magulu atatu akulu: leni shtraymbl - lonse ndi otsika, mawonekedwe zolondola; Chernobyl - otsika, zambiri ufulu mawonekedwe; ndipo spodik - kwambiri ubweya chipewa. Shtraymbl Hasidim kuvala yekha phwando - pa Sabata, pamaukwati ndi zikondwerero zina, akuchezeredwa kwa mphunzitsi wa. Pali mitundu atsogoleri shtraymbla ankavala m'dera yekha.

Chimango ndi ndevu

Pali zinthu zovala, amene yekha kuzindikira ena a Ayuda. Mmodzi wa iwo - tayi. Ndi mwayi wapadera wa chabe Litvak. Koma ubwenzi Hasidim mwaukali chidani izo zimachitika chakuti Chinthu choyamba ndi zomangira zingwe mfundo zingwe mphako mtanda. Chirichonse chokhudzana ndi mtanda, Myuda amayenera kudana.

gawo lina la "zovala" - ndevu. Ayuda ena kupita oyera-kumetedwa, ena mwaukhondo nakonza ndevu, koma Hasidim sakuzindikira kusinthidwa iliyonse ya ndevu, choncho awo kwambiri wandiweyani ndi wakuda pakati pa Ayuda onse.

michira

Kodi wina angathe kulowa zovala Ayuda dziko? M'madera ena (mwachitsanzo, Y Litvak) anasunga ngati khalidwe European amafotokozera mfundo zovala ngati malaya. Iye ndi wakuda, yaitali ndipo alibe matumba. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mabatani pa zovala malaya ake (ndi aliyense menswear Myuda) ananamizira kuti ufulu pansi pa chikuto kumanzere - ". Monga mkazi" kutanthauza ku mawonedwe si Myuda, Ayuda kuvala tailcoat, kawirikawiri pa holide.

ndi zovala za Ayuda dziko chiyani? Photos m'nkhani akusonyeza ife zokongola ndi zachilendo kwa kalembedwe yosavuta European zovala. Ambiri zingaoneke zachilendo, koma ichi Ayuda ndi mbali. Iwo olimba mu malingaliro awo ndi okhulupirika miyambo yawo. Ndipo makhalidwe amenewa kuti sizingatiletse mtundu uliwonse!