November 7, phwando la USSR: dzina, mbiri ya

November 7 - holide mu USSR, lomwe chinathetsedwa mu Russia latsopano. Kodi pali prerequisites aliyense zimenezi ndipo kuti tinapemphedwa kuti abwerere? Favorite ndi kowala chikondwerero anatsimikizira zosafunika mu masiku ano anthu.

Chimene chinachitika tsiku limeneli?

Mbiri ya chikondwerero pa November 7 Soviet Union - ndi chikumbukiro ulimi lalikulu la zaka mazana makumi awiri. Mpaka 1917, Russia anali autocratic monarchical boma, umene panthawi imeneyo malamulo a Nicholas II.

Opanduka maganizo m'dziko anasonkhanitsa kwa zaka zingapo, ndipo October 25 St. Petersburg, anayamba kupanduka kwa anthu wamba ndi lochitira strata chikhalidwe. Zida Bolsheviks adatenga Zima Palace (mpando wa boma wogwirizira), anagwira mfundo zonse zofunika za nkhani (manyuzipepala, positi ofesi, okwerera sitima) ndi mfundo zazikulu za asilikali (zipata mzinda, doko).

Kugalukira unapangidwa bungwe zaka 47. VI Ulyanov (Lenin), 38 wazaka L. D. Trotsky ndi 27 wazaka Ya. M. Sverdlov. anthu Zimenezi zinachititsa chiwembu ndipo ankaona bungwe zipani zikuluzikulu m'dziko kwa zaka zingapo. Iwo analenga latsopano zokomera boma, malamulo ndi miyambo mu Russia.

Kodi phwando kumakumbukulidwa pa November 7 mu USSR mpaka 1990

Kwathunthu anawatcha Tsiku la Great October Socialist utasintha. Chifukwa "October tsiku" yokondwerera November? Mpaka 1918, dziko anayesedwa nthawi ya kalendala ya Julius. Koma mu February, Russia kugwiritsa ntchito kalendala ya Gregory. Kupanduka unatenga masiku awiri, pa October 25-26, kalembedwe akale, ndi pa chikondwerero USSR kuwayamikira m'njira yatsopano - pa 7 ndi 8 November. Koma dzina lakuti monga chikumbukiro chimodzi cha zochitika zazikulu za mazana makumi awiri, amene anasintha ya mbiri ya dziko lapansi.

Mu ulemu wa chilengedwe cha magulu thematic otchedwa m'midzi ndi m'maboma, misewu, mabizinesi, cinemas. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1923, analengedwa ndi gulu la ana amene amadzitcha Octobrists. A fakitale maswiti "Red October" anakumbukira ndi okondedwa ndi mibadwo yambiri ya ku Russia.

History holide

7 November (tchuthi ku Soviet Union) tsiku limodzi lokha mu 1918. Mu Moscow, ku mizinda dera ndi zigawo mu Russia anali ndi zitsanzo ndi parades. Iye ankaona ngati linanena bungwe chinthu, "ofiira" tsiku kalendala. Mu 1927, ndi lamulo la Presidium a Komiti chapakati cha chikondwerero anayamba kukondwerera 7 ndi 8 November. Mu 1990, ndi dongosolo la nambala Gorbachev a 8 amakhala ntchito kachiwiri. Mu 1996, izi pulezidenti chikondwerero Yeltsin anadzatchedwa "Tsiku la chilolezo." Mu 2004 iye anathetsa V. V. Putinym ndipo mu 2005 anakhala tsiku ntchito.

Mayiko oyandikana mayiko amakondwererabe lero pansi pa dzina lakale - Tsiku la October kuukira boma. Zikuphatikizapo Belarus, Transnistria ndi Kyrgyzstan.

Perete pa Red Square

Kuyambira 1918 kawiri pa chaka parades, amene anapezeka ndi akuluakulu a asilikali komanso asilikali zida: 1 May 7 November. Tchuthi ku Soviet Union pambuyo October kuukira boma zinali kwambiri pa antchito onse. The perete anatenga mtsogoleri wa anthu ndi mtsogoleri wamkulu, komanso atsogoleri a mafakitale akuluakulu.

Mu 1941, parades yochepa zimafika mpaka 1945. Pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, dziko sikunali kotheka kuti mupewe usilikali ndipo luso okwerera nkhondo. mwambo wapadera akuti ndi ndime ya asilikali mu 1945. Pakuti chikondwerero unachitikira kusankha wapadera antchito: zaka - zaka wocheperapo 30, kutalika - 176-178 masentimita, mphoto nkhondo. Pambuyo 1945, parades pa Red Square umachitika kamodzi pa zaka 5 zokha. Mu 1995, ndime ya asilikali anali wapansi, popanda zida za nkhondo.

Chionetsero polemekeza October kuukira boma Tsiku

Ngati parades inachitika ku Moscow ndi m'mizinda ikuluikulu, ziwonetsero - chochitika chilichonse m'dera mu Russia ku likulu ku matawuni akuluakulu Pamudzi. Iwo zigawo zonse za anthu ankagwira: ogwira ntchito, ophunzira, osawuka ndi ophunzira. November 7 holide Soviet Union limodzi ndi changu ndi chimwemwe cha aliyense wokhala pa dziko.

Chionetsero - ndi chochitika anthu kudutsa m'magulu a anthu m'misewu waukulu mumzinda akusinkhasinkha umodzi ndale. chionetsero The limodzi ndi nyimbo, mawu, mbendera, mbendera ndi zithunzi za mutu wochititsa a boma. A ndime ya anthu kutenga mbali, ndi mbali yaikulu ya mzinda, lalikulu chachikulu ndi nsanja ndi chipani ndi atsogoleri onse.

Ndime mwaufulu atapereka ogwira ntchito yabwino ndi ophunzira pamodzi ndi chionetsero cha themed zokongoletsera zoyendera kuyimba, kuvina, acrobatics ndi zipinda masewera. Kuyambira olankhulira adawomba Zabwino pa November 7. A holide mu USSR, ndakatulo imene analemba Russian andakatulo kwambiri, anauziridwa mtundu wonse. Anthu ankakhulupirira kuti anali womasuka ndi wokondwa kwa tsiku la Great zisinthe.

The zaka zofunika kwambiri (Chronicle 1918)

masiku makamaka losaiwalika amaonedwa: kupambana choyamba cha 1918, komanso parades 1941 ndi 1945. 7 November - holide mu USSR, Zabwino zonse kwa anthu panthawiyo anali wofunika ndale.

7-8 November 1918:

• "Pantomime" mu Red Square;
• Amnesty polemekeza chikumbutso 1;
• Kutsegula kwa chipilala Jaures, Marx ndi Chichewa;
• kusonkhana ndi zoimbaimba;
• Premier mutu wa kusewera "Chinsinsi-Bouffe";
• kulankhula Lenin ndi antchito Cheka.

Perete panthawi ya nkhondo (Chronicle 1941)

1941. 5 miyezi pali nkhondo ndi Germany. Koma apo pakubwera pa November 7. Kodi tchuthi n'zotheka USSR, pamene mzere kutsogolo ndi makilomita ochepa ku likulu? Koma Stalin aganiza kuti olemba mbiri yakale anadzatchedwa "waluntha ntchito ankhondo." Umakhala perete ambiri chachikulu, ndi zida zamakono onse ankhondo mphuno mdani. Theka la mbali pambuyo perete pa Red Square ndi atsogoleri munthu kutsanzikana anthu yomweyo anapita kutsogolo. Zipsera za England ndi France, m'manyuzipepala ndi zithunzi za asilikali Russian amene anayenda ndi makombola ndi kupita kunkhondo. kusuntha, "holide panthawi ya nkhondo," anachotsa mzimu wa asilikali Soviet. Ndipo Hitler, malinga ndi Maulendo chilengedwe yomweyo, anakwiya koopsa.

Kukonzekera chikondwerero anayamba pa October 24, pansi pa utsogoleri wa Artemyev ndi Zhigareva asilikali. Wapadera vuto anali mu mobisa lotsatira ndi kuvuta - mu anazinga mzinda malo. November 6, Stalin ndi kusonkhana mu ulemu wa holide mu okwerera sitima (siteshoni "Mayakovskaya"). Congratulatory kulankhula Chief wa kulengeza ku dziko lonse.

Kuopsa chachikulu pa perete ndi ankaimira German mpweya mphamvu. Iye akhapidziwa kuti German womenya ankapitabe kuuluka kunja kwa mzinda kusisita imodzi kuwononga maboma onse a USSR. Pa nkhani imeneyi, pa November 5 ndege Russian mabomba airfields mdani. Ndipo okha Zoneneratu nyengo kuti chifukwa mtambo otsika ndi sanali zouluka nyengo, kuti apewe zinthu. Usiku, anayatsa boma la Russia nyenyezi, anavula yodzibisa ndi Mausoleum, ndipo mmawa wotsatira pa 8 koloko kuyamba kwa matchati zofunika kwambiri m'mbiri yathu.

1945. chigonjetso

M'chaka choyamba cha mtendere. Ndatopa mantha nkhondo, anthu akufuna chimwemwe. Pambuyo chigonjetso perete chachikulu chochitika chilichonse amapereka tanthauzo latsopano la dziko, imadalira ndi 7 November. Kodi mtundu wa holide mu USSR: ndi malankhulidwe congratulatory, pachionetsera cha anamenyela moni! Ndipo zonse izi ziri pa anangotsala pang'ono Chidani nkhondo ndi America. Ngakhale mbiri ya Molotov pa Tsiku la October kuukira boma - kuyankha Soviet Union kwa akatiputa US.

Kuyambira nthawi yomwe inayamba mtundu manja ndi kukhalabe mbiri ya dziko, kuti umbava geniuses luso. atasemphana pakati pa maiko awiri adzakhala mpaka 1963. Kwa zaka 18 Russia adzabwezeretsa midzi yophwasulidwa, kuti adzathe Launch kupanga. Ndipo pofika m'chaka cha 1990, izo adzayamba ndayiwala dzina la holide pa November 7 mu USSR.

Anaiwalika kapena kubadwanso?

Mu 1996, chikondwerero walandira dzina lina. Mu 2004, pamaso kulanda linanena bungwe kwa November 4 (Tsiku la National Umodzi), chikhalidwe womenyera ufulu gulu anachita kafukufuku mwa nzika achinyamata ndi wazaka zapakati pa dziko. Cholinga - cholowa zokhudza zochitika zisinthe October ndi kufunika kwake ku moyo wa Russia. % 20 okha amene anafunsidwa anayankha funso za mtundu wa holide kumakumbukulidwa pa November 7 mu USSR.

Ndi chiyani icho? Kuipa maphunziro kapena kufunika kwenikweni kwa m'badwo wamakono kupita patsogolo popanda kuganizira mbiri ya makolo awo? Nthawi zina, zamaganizo ndikukhulupirira kuti nthawi lichoke ku zochitika maganizo - zikutanthauza molondola ndipo mwamsanga kusuntha kwa patsogolo. Kodi ndifunika tsiku kuchokera lero, kufunika amene anafa pamodzi ndi dziko?

Panopa, October kuukira boma - ndi chodabwitsa osokoneza. Ali ndi osiyanasiyana kwambiri akuti mbiri yakale. Mfundo yoyamba maganizo - ndi oletsedwa kulanda mphamvu, zomwe zachititsa kuti dziko la ulamuliro wankhanza. Ena amati kupanduka kunali koyenera. Chinapangitsa Russia ndi anthu masiku ano si njira capitalist, ndipo uyu ndi nkhani yapadera kwambiri. Zikomo kuti zisinthe dziko kupewa kugwa ndale, umene unali mosalephera pambuyo abdication mfumu. Gawo akanati m'mayiko monga Britain ndi America wogawanika. Russian mwambo, mtundu ngakhalenso chinenero chabe unatha.

Kuwonjezera malingaliro awiri awa, muli mawu wapakatikati mmene chikanachitika Ngati sikudali kuti zinthu zisinthe. Mwachitsanzo, pulofesa mbiri I. Froyanov anati:

"Ichi ndi yanthaŵi zofunika kwambiri mbiri, ndi kuyika kuphatikiza chizindikiro kapena opanda imangokhala pachithunzichi. W nkhuku pali kusintha kwa boma, mawu akuti "Kukwera ndale," ndi oyenerera kwambiri chifukwa zodabwitsazi. Koma m'badwo kuposa wina adzakumbukira dzina la holide pa November 7 mu USSR, chifukwa ndi wokondedwa chikumbukiro ziyembekezo ndi kunyada kwa anthu Russian. "

deti limeneli anapempha reconsideration la ana athu. Ndi iwo amene kulemera, kupenda fanizirani mfundo omwe adakali choncho maganizo pafupi nafe.