Thunthu msempha ndi nthambi zake

The msempha ndi chotengera waukulu mu thupi onse m'litali ndi m'mimba mwake ndipo buku la magazi Koma izo zimatengera otaya chokwanira magazi ziwalo zonse ndi kachitidwe. Kudwala wa mtsempha wamagazi waukulu mu thupi kungasokoneze pa ntchito ya ziwalo, mitsempha ya magazi onse amene nthambi kuchokera pansi pa mlingo wa chotupa cha.

kung'ambika thunthu

Conventionally, chotengera ichi waukulu chidagawika patatu, zochokera malangizo ake:

• Kukwera dipatimenti.
• Kung'ambika Chipilala thunthu imene yafotokozedwa payokha.
• Potsika gawo. Dipatimenti imeneyi ndi yaitali. Izo zikutsiriza pa njira ya chachinayi lumbar linkawonongeka. Apa akuyamba wamba iliac mtsempha wamagazi, amene ukugawa msempha m'mimba.

Kaswili, zimachititsa chilumbachi

Kukwera msempha adzatuluka ventricle kumanzere. Popeza anafika nthiti chachiwiri, zipita Arc otchedwa, amene curving lamanzere pa mlingo wa chachinayi linkawonongeka chimachititsanso thoracic mu gawo kunsi.

kung'ambika thunthu ndi makonzedwe a mayunitsi ake ndi nthambi zikuluzikulu ziwalo mkati wachibale wina pa magulu n'kofunika kwambiri pophunzira Kapangidwe ka cavities thoracic ndi m'mimba.

thorax

Kutenga mlingo pamwamba wachinayi thoracic linkawonongeka, ndi thoracic gawo la msempha imatsogoleredwa zayamba vertically downwards, pokhala ili mu zapambuyo mediastinum. Kuti lamanja la msempha mu malo awa kugona ndi ritsa thoracic ndi unpaired Vienna; lamanzere - chidutswa cha pleura parietal.

dipatimenti m'mimba

Kuyambira izi ankasiyana kudutsa chotengera kung'ambika kupyolera kutsegula lolingana mu zakulera ndi chimafikira kwa mlingo wa chachinayi lumbar linkawonongeka. The thunthu la msempha m'mimba ali peculiarity ake kuti: yankholo mu retroperitoneal malo ma, pa matupi a lumbar msana, wazunguliridwa ndi matupi zotsatirazi:

• lamanja la pali m'munsi dzenje Vienna;
• kuchokera kutsogolo kwa msempha m'mimba moyandikana ndi zapambuyo padziko kapamba, ndi gawo yopingasa wa duodenum, ndi gawo la muzu wa mesentery za m'mimba yaing'ono.

Akufika pa mlingo wa chachinayi linkawonongeka lumbar dipatimenti, msempha m'mimba ukugawa mu awiri mitsempha iliac. Iwo udindo wopereka magazi miyendo m'munsi (malo awa akutchedwa bifurcation, bifurcation kwa msempha, ndipo mapeto).

Malinga ndi dongosolo la mbali ya lalikulu chotengera thunthu la msempha ndi nthambi zake imatengedwa ndi m'madipatimenti.

Nthambi akukwera dipatimenti

Izi - ndi chidebe dipatimenti koyamba. nthawi yake ndi yaing'ono: kuchokera ventricle kumanzere kwa chichereŵechereŵe wa nthiti chachiwiri kumanja.

Pa chiyambi cha kukwera msempha ku nthambi yake kuchokera lamanja ndi lamanzere mitsempha inatsekeratu, m'dera limene kusowa magazi mtima ndi.

Nthambi ya Chipilala kung'ambika

Chipilala thunthu ali mbali zotsatirazi: ku gawo otukukira kunja ochokera mitsempha lalikulu kunyamula otaya magazi kwa chigaza ndi malekezero chapamwamba. A gawo concave amapereka nthambi ang'ono-kakulidwe amene alibe malo okhazikika.

Ku mbali otukukira kunja kwa Chipilala kung'ambika zotsatirazi nthambi achoke (kuchokera kumanja kupita kumanzere):

• brachiocephalic thunthu ( "brachiocephalic");
• anasiya carotid mtsempha wamagazi wamba;
• subklavikulyarnaya kumanzere mtsempha wamagazi.

Mbali concave waku Arc amapereka woonda ziwiya wolumikizira wosakanikirana ndi trachea ndi bronchi. chiwerengero chawo ndi malo akhoza kukhala osiyana.

Nthambi dipatimenti atsikira

Potsika msempha, nayenso lagawidwa m'magawo:

1. Thoracic oyenerera pamwamba pa chifundamtima;
2. Typhoid, yomwe ili pansipa chifundamtima.

Thorax:

• Parietal ziwiya kotunga wolumikizira magazi malinga a thorax kuti: chapamwamba diaphragmatic mitsempha nthambi kuchokera pamwamba pa chifundamtima cha chifuwa M'mimbamo ndi kumbuyo intercostal wolumikizira ziwiya kupereka magazi intercostal ndi molunjika minofu m'mimba, mammary England, msana, komanso minofu zofewa za mmbuyo.
• ziwiya choipidwa anakafika ku thoracic ndi, ramify mu ziwalo zapambuyo mediastinum.

M'mimba dipatimenti:

• nthambi Parietal, nthambi m'makoma zonse m'mimba (awiriawiri anayi lumbar mitsempha kupereka minofu ndi khungu lumbar, m'mimba khoma, lumbar msana ndi msana) ndipo pamwamba m'munsi mwa chifundamtima.
• Choipidwa nthambi wolumikizira yaitaliyo ziwalo m'mimba - awiri (k adrenal zopangitsa, impso, machende ndi mazira, kumene mitsempha maina zizigwirizana ndi mayina a ziwalo perfused) ndi unpaired. Mayina zizigwirizana ndi mayina a mitsempha choipidwa perfused ziwalo iwo.

Kapangidwe ka khoma chidebe

Lingaliro la "thunthu kwa msempha" zikuphatikizapo khoma Kapangidwe ka waukulu magazi chotengera thupi. Kapangidwe ka mpanda wake ali kusiyana ena ochokera Kapangidwe ka khoma mitsempha ena onse.

Kapangidwe ka khoma kung'ambika motere:

• Chipolopolo mkati (a intima). Kodi chapansi Kakhungu alimbane ndi endothelium. Endothelium mwachangu kuyankha chizindikiro analandira kuchokera kufalitsidwa magazi chotengera, amasintha iwo ndi transmits yosalala minofu wosanjikiza khoma chotengera.
• Tunica. wosanjikiza tichipeza mu msempha wa circularly anakonza CHIKWANGWANI zotanuka (mosiyana ndi mitsempha ena thupi, amene mphatso kolajeni ndi minofu yosalala ndi ulusi zotanuka - yowala popanda preponderance aliyense wa iwo). kung'ambika thunthu ali zakuti: pakati Kakhungu kung'ambika khoma aumbike ulusi makamaka zotanuka. pafupifupi chipolopolo ntchito ndi kusunga mawonekedwe chotengera ndipo amapereka motility ake. Wosanjikiza pakati pa khoma chotengera wazunguliridwa ndi interstitial mankhwala (madzi), mbali yaikulu imene likulowerera kuno ku madzi a m'magazi.
• Adventitia (chipolopolo kunja kwa chotengeracho). Izi connective minofu wosanjikiza Amakhala makamaka wa kolajeni ulusi ndi fibroblasts perivascular. Iye atawathira capillaries magazi ndi lili ambiri kumapeto autonomic ulusi mitsempha. Perivascular wosanjikiza connective wina wochititsa ndi chizindikiro walangizidwa chotengeracho, ndi nyemba unachokera izo.

Zimagwirira ntchito zonse zigawo ya khoma mtima ndi inakula ndiponso wamphamvu akupereka mauthenga zimachitika mzake - zochokera wosanjikiza pakati pa intima ndi adventitia, ndi zosiyana.