Topsoil: makhalidwe

Dziko lapansi lili madzi, olimba ndi gaseous zigawo zikuluzikulu. Topsoil wapangidwa ndi linakwiriridwa ndi tizilombo moyo ndi zatsalira mbewu. Iye anaitana humus ndi amatenga 10-20 masentimita. Pa kukula maluwa, mitengo, masamba.

Pansi ndi osabereka wosanjikiza dothi 10-50 cm. Zakudya therefrom anatsuka acid ndi madzi, choncho amatchedwa m'chizimezime leaching (leaching). Apa akumasulidwa zinthu mwa mankhwala, zamoyo ndi thupi njira, pali mchere dongo.

Chozama kholo thanthwe. Lilinso ndi zinthu zothandiza. Mwachitsanzo, calcium, pakachitsulo, potaziyamu, magnesium phosphorous ndi ena.

Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane manyowa, zimene chifukwa kumathandiza kwambiri pa moyo wathu.

Humus: maphunziro Lingaliro

Nthaka inakhazikitsidwa m'zaka weathering a miyala ndi wapangidwa ndi zigawo organic ndi zochita kupanga. Komanso, muli mpweya ndi madzi. Imeneyi ndi chiwembu, ndi mu mfundo iliyonse wosanjikiza kupangika payokha mogwirizana ndi zinthu zina. dziko lathu zikuoneka kwenikweni ndi anthu mphutsi, tizirombo, mabakiteriya.

Topsoil - ndi pachikuto pake. Mu nkhalango anapereka zatsalira organic ndi masamba zimauluka, m'madera lotseguka - herbaceous zomera. Cover amateteza pansi kuchokera atayanika kunja, matalala, ozizira. Pansi pake ali decomposed zotsalira za tizirombo. Mu ndondomeko ya kuwonongeka kwa dothi limayenda ndi zinthu mchere mwachibadwa.

Humus ndi anthu zamoyo, atagonjetsa ndi mizu ya mitengo ndi zomera, wodzala ndi mpweya. akuphatikizapo lotayirira, mu mawonekedwe a apezeka. Apa mapangidwe amapezeka ndi kudzikundikira zakudya ndi kachitidwe mizu.

Aliyense akudziwa kuti pamwamba wosanjikiza dothi, kapena kani, manyowa, zimene ndi zofunika kwambiri chonde. Thunthu wakuda zikuphatikizapo mpweya ndi asafe. Mtundu uwu wa khitchini komwe chakudya zakonzedwa kubzala (yogwira humus). Komanso mu wosanjikiza zimenezi zimapangitsa bwino zakudya, madzi ndi zinthu mpweya (khola humus).

Kodi zimakhudza topsoil

Pa topsoil bwanji processing mtundu luso, nyengo, mbewu kasinthasintha. M'munda, ndi kupanga zina organic ndi anawola kompositi kungawathandize humus khola.

Munda zofunika mtundu nthaka. Izo zimatengera zikuchokera mchere. zomera masamba kukula bwino mu nthaka ndale kapena pang'ono acid.

Pali zizindikiro za chonde:

• Total acidity.
• acidity Current.
• Cation kuwombola.
• Kufunika liming.
• Machulukitsidwe zapansi.
• Tinthu kukula yogawa.
• The zili organic.
• The zili macronutrients.

Pa chonde amakhudza chizindikiro "nthaka kachulukidwe". makhalidwe apamwamba zotsatira mu ulamuliro osauka mpweya, yolimbikitsa angaletsedwe michere, kukula osakwanira a mizu. Low kachulukidwe retards kukula kwa dongosolo muzu chifukwa voids ndipo kumayambitsa kuchuluka evaporation cha chinyezi.

Panopa, pali feteleza, zina, ndipo zosiyanasiyana kwa kuwongolera topsoil. Koma nthaka ndi zofunika zina. Kumbukirani izi!