Zosiyanasiyana shampinona- kusiyanitsa bowa edible ndi chakupha?

Pali mitundu ya bowa, koma ife kulankhula za bowa batani (Agaricus). Lero, si koyenera kusonkhanitsa iwo mu nkhalango, chifukwa iliyonse golosale amagulitsa wokongola pang'ono bowa woyera - mtundu wa bowa. The French aphunzira mmene kukula iwo m'zaka XVII. Panopa, pakati pa bowa edible mawu a kupanga mitundu ali malo oyamba mu dziko.

Bowa m'chilengedwe

Ngakhale chodya awo, anthu ambiri amafuna kuti atuluke mu chikhalidwe cha bowa, chifukwa "bowa kusaka" - kothandiza kwambiri, kusangalala ndi ntchito yosangalatsa. Timatha inu kuthawa kwathunthu ku mavuto, nthawi ndithu yekha ndi chikhalidwe. Monga ndi chidwi kupeza udzu kapena masamba okongola bowa chokoma, ndipo ngati mwayi, ndipo banja lonse pang'ono! Bowa ali ubiquitous, anabala m'nkhalango, m'mapaki, meadows ndi ngakhale pena paliponse.

Iwo pileate agaric. Mu chikhalidwe, pali mitundu pafupifupi 60 a iwo ndi zinthu wamba, koma mtundu wa bowa bowa ali makhalidwe yake. Lamellar kuitana bowa, amene pa underside wa kapu ali mbale. bowa Young mu mbale woyera, kenako pinki, akale kukhala wakuda ndi zofiirira ndi wakuda ndi zofiirira.

Zimenezi losiyana ndi kukhalapo kwa mphete tsinde la. Zipewa ndi zimayambira - ndi fruiting thupi ndi mycelium m'dziko lapansi. M'munsi wosanjikiza zisoti champignon oyenerera spores zimene muchuluke, n'kupanga mycelium latsopano. Kodi kubereka ndipo zimaswana zidutswa mwa kulenga zinthu nyengo.

bowa Small kungakhale osati bwino ozungulira mawonekedwe zipewa, komanso belu woboola pakati, pafupifupi cylindrical. Monga m'mphepete mwa ake kusunthira kutali, ndipo ndipamene mphete imodzi kapena awiri pa tsinde la. The kapu akupitiriza kumuchitikira, kukhala yoonekera mbale mu mmunsi. Mu mawonekedwe kukodzedwa, ali ndi theka kapena kwathunthu Kudzilambatitsa mawonekedwe.

bowa edible

Tiyeni tikambirane mitundu angapo, ambiri mu njira ya bowa: nkhalango, dambo, munda, bisporus.

Forest (Agaricus silvaticus), limatchedwa "blagushka". mtundu wina wa bowa angapezeke mu nkhalango coniferous kuyambira m'ma m'chilimwe October, makamaka n'chodabwitsa nyerere. Ngakhale kukoma, izo kawirikawiri anasonkhana. Ambiri Mtsikana wotere kuti kumayambiriro kwa zamkati amakhala wooneka wofiira mtundu.

bowa Young phazi mkulu, ndi mphete yoyera, imene toyesa akale tingalisiye. Kapu ovoid, ndiye chimakhala otukukira kunja, akufanana mawonekedwe a belu, ndipo kenako - pangotsala-Kudzilambatitsa. Iwo ali fibrous flakes bulauni.

Lugovoi (wamba, Pecheritsa), dzina Latin - Agaricus campestris. mtundu wina wa bowa amadziwika ngakhale okhala m'mizinda, monga limapezeka pafupi nyumba - m'minda, m'mapaki. Izo wakonda bwino ukala dziko akhoza kukula mu ziweto, mu malo oyenda ng'ombe. Bowa chokoma ndi kuberekana, amakula gulu lalikulu.

Chipewa mtundu woyera, poyamba ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, ndiye otukukira kunja, ndiye mosabisa. Mbale pinki, okhwima bowa imvi bulauni. thupi ndi zoyera ndi cholimbanso, pa kudula akutembenukira pinki. Monga "chovala" kujowina m'mbali mwa kapu ndi phesi ndi wosiyana ndi kukhala mu mphete membranous pamwamba pa phazi.

Field (Agaricus arvensis). mitundu - wachibale wake wapafupi wa Beet, koma ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kukoma kwake bwino kwambiri. Iye ali wapadera, zosangalatsa fungo ndipo mmodzi wa waukulu pakati bowa ndi. Nthawi zina kulemera ndi 300 ga ndi awiri a kapu ndi 20 cm.

bowa Young ndi dzira chipewa, amene pang'onopang'ono mawonekedwe plano-otukukira kunja, ndi khungu silky, pamene inu musakhudze kusintha mtundu wachikasu. Mu awiri wosanjikiza mphete ali ndi mwendo pa zigawo m'munsi mwa allocated protrusions khalidwe chikasu. Records, monga bowa kukalamba, kusintha mtundu ku pinki kuti woderapo.

Bisporus (Agaricus bisporus) - uyu ndi mtundu wonse bwino bowa chimagwiritsidwa kuphunzitsidwa zinthu yokumba.

bowa zabodza

pickers bowa zambiri kusonkhanitsa osadziwa salembedwa poizoni (zabodza) mtundu wa bowa, nuponyedwa m'dengu kwa bowa ena. Ngakhale ntchito zawo chakudya ndipo si oopsa, koma zingachititse m'mavuto. Ngakhale pambuyo kutentha mankhwala zasungidwa mu zinthu zakupha kuchititsa poyizoni limodzi matenda m'mimba, kusanza, colics.

Nthawi zambiri kusokonezedwa ndi bowa edible bowa awiri mitundu, zithunzi inu mukuona. Achikasu bowa (Agaricus xanthodermus) limapezeka onse zakutchire ndi udzu. Mtundu wa chipewa inedible woyera, kawirikawiri ndi mawanga grayish-bulauni.

The zamkati malinga ndi udindo, pamene kagawo yomweyo akutembenukira chikasu. The mmunsi mwa miyendo, nayenso chikasu, nthawi zina lalanje. Mtundu wa belu zipewa nthawi zambiri kusokonezedwa ndi munda. Kupatula pa mtundu wa thupi, zikhoza kukhala wolemekezeka ndi fungo kwambiri, komwe kumatheka chifukwa Kukuwotcha.

Ploskoshlyapkovy, akuda, wazikang'a bowa (Agaricus Placomyces) - wina bowa inedible, lomwe likupezeka mu nkhalango wosanganiza ndi coniferous. chipewa chake grayish-bulauni mtundu, ndi malo mdima pakati, yokutidwa ndi mamba. The chosangalatsa fungo la zotuluka karboliki inedibility mitundu.

Nthawi zina amasokonezeka ndi nkhalango ploskoshlyapkovy bowa, koma ife tikudziwa kale, mu mtundu nkhalango fungo labwino komanso pang'onopang'ono kudula thupi mu wofiira, pamene variegated chikasu ndipo pang'onopang'ono akutembenukira bulauni.

Nthawi zambiri, pickers wosadziwa bowa sangathe siyanitsa ndi ofanana bowa wamng'ono iwo, koma zakupha chakupha bowa woyera ndi wotumbululuka toadstool. Iwo amafanana ndi zipewa, ndi mbale, ndi mphete pa miyendo.

Kumbukirani kuti kusiyana zimasonyeza bwinobwino okha toyesa wamkulu: kwa bowa ndi wotumbululuka toadstool, mosiyana bowa edible, mtundu mbale akadali yowala. Kupeza bowa wamkulu ndi kuyendera mmunsi mwa kapu ya. njira ina yosavuta kufufuza: atamukakamiza thupi mtundu chakupha bowa sasintha.

Photo 1 - champignon matabwa;

Photo 2 - champignon dambo;

Photo 3 - Agaricus arvensis;

Photo 4 - lachikasu chikopa bowa;

Photo 5 - ploskoshlyapkovy bowa.