Nsomba ndi waukulu mu Russia ndi dziko. Features ya kapangidwe ndi makhalidwe a nsomba ndi

Pafupipafupi mpikisano limagwira mu okonda nsomba, makamaka yozizira, ndi mtsinje nsomba. A nsomba lalikulu - ndi nyama lofunika kwambiri, ndipo nsomba izi, izo zikanakhala wolakalakika yomweyo kulemera, muyeso ndi chithunzi.

M'nkhaniyi, Tikambirana nsomba ameneyu ndi momwe akufotokoza za kulemera ndi kukula kwa yoimba ndi msinkhu wake. Mungaphunzirenso za komwe yoimba lalikulu kwambiri padziko anagwidwa.

Nsomba: malo

Nsomba Mtsinje - mmodzi wa mitundu yambiri bwino kuphunzira ndi wamba nsomba Europe ndi ku Asia. Koma zoona zake n'zakuti nkhani mawu a zamoyo nsomba ndi mafunso kwambiri kuposa mayankho. Iwo likukhalira kuti mitundu ina ya nsomba anaphunzira poipa.

Mtsinje nsomba amakhala lonse la Europe ndi ku Asia. Mu Asia, kumachitika ngakhale kumpoto (Kolyma), ndi kamodzi ndinaima subspecies osiyana. Kum'mwera, pa Nyanja Balkhash, mtundu uwu pafupi Balkhash nsomba.

Ku Ulaya malo ake choyamba imafika ku mbali ya kumpoto British Isles, ku madera kumpoto kwa Scandinavia ndi kumpoto kwa Kola Peninsula. Kumwera malo akutali yokutidwa pafupifupi onse a ku Ulaya. Koma tsopano malo nsomba zimapezeka, kuwonjezera ngati mtsinje nsomba, mitundu mpikisano, nthawi zambiri displaces m'dera oimira kuderako pa unsembe mu malo atsopano.

Today yoimba zimapezeka kumpoto kwa Ireland ndi Britain, nthawizina mu Iran, Turkey, China ndipo ngakhale Africa. Izo zikhoza acclimatize ndi Australia ndi ku New Zealand. Only mu United States, nsomba si anagwira pa chifukwa kusamutsidwa ake a mitundu mbadwa ya nsomba chikasu, omwe ndi ofanana kwambiri ku mtsinje.

Yaikulu mtsinje nsomba ankakhala Nile. Izi zinali pang'ono angapezeke m'munsimu.

mafotokozedwe

Nsomba ali kwambiri zachilengedwe plasticity, chifukwa chimene, kusinthasintha kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana m'moyo, akhoza kuyang'ana chosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mu Karelian nyanja angapezeke mamembala pafupifupi wakuda a mitundu. coloration amenewa zimawathandiza chinthu akudziwa bwino. Ndi mitsinje yambiri, chogwidwa ndi pansi mchenga, nsomba M'malo mwake, yowala kwambiri. Ngakhale mikwapulo pa thupi lake nthawi zina sitingaone.

Iwonso zosiyanasiyana kukula, kutalika, kuchuluka ndi mtundu wa zipsepse ndi. Nkofunika kudziwa kuti izi uliwonse alipo si subspecies. zizindikiro zawo kunja si wobadwa nawo, ndipo pa nthawi Mwachitsanzo, mdima mtundu Karelian nsomba anaikidwa posungira ndi pansi mbandakucha pang'onopang'ono yopumula.

Nsomba yaikulu mu Russia imatengedwa kuti masekeli zosakwana 6 makilogalamu, koma wokongola osowa. Ngakhale masekeli pafupifupi 1.5 makilogalamu, izi imatengedwa nsomba zazikulu, koma ambiri kgs awiri - lalikulu kwambiri. Kulemera avareji Madamu yaing'ono nsomba kawirikawiri ukufika magalamu 700-1200.

nsomba Large si chachikulu chotere. Ambiri a iwo kukula mu msinkhu ndi makulidwe. kutalika pafupifupi 54 cm, ndi unyinji ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi 18 ndi 27 masentimita, motero.

Zimapezekanso

Mtsinje nsomba (lalikulu kapena laling'ono), kaya kukula, zikukhazikitsa ndi mosungiramo dera zomera kapena zina m'misasa achilengedwe. Kawirikawiri m'madera amenewa akulowera kapena ayi konse, kapena wofooka.

Monga ulamuliro, iye amaika ndi mafunde amphamvu nsomba akapulumuka. Choncho, anthu ichi ndi chosowa kwambiri mu mitsinje phiri (chifukwa madzi kudya madzi ndi ozizira kwambiri).

Russian yoimba

Kukula mwachizolowezi la nsomba si magilamu 1200. Nthawi zina akafika makilogalamu 2.8, ndipo okha nyanja yaikulu Mwachitsanzo, pa Onega anakumana 3-makilogalamu kapena kuposa, ndipo pa Chudskom nyanja - 4-kilogalamu. Tikumbukenso kuti Western Siberia zimphona ngati salinso zachilendo. Yekaterinburg nyanja ndi mayiwe pamalo ake lingamutsatire adakhala perches (pafupifupi 5 kg).

Nsomba yaikulu anagwira m'gawo la Russia - wamkazi gravid, miyeso anafika makilogalamu 5.965. anakumana mu nyanja Tishkin zinyalala mu 1996, m'dera Tyumen (Uvat chigawo).

Makamaka nsomba zazikulu amakodwa mu Siberia ndi wotsika Volga. Ichi ndi chifukwa kukhalapo lalikulu forage dziko ndi kuthamanga ka chitukuko.

M'badwo wa nsomba zokonzedwa ndi mphete kukula, anati mu nsagwada kumtunda ndi chivindikiro fupa. Mpaka zaka pafupifupi 23 zaka akhoza moyo mtsinje nsomba. m'badwo uwu wakhala kuliika pa nsomba, amene anakhala ndi wagwidwa Mongolia, Lake Hovsgol. M'litali anali 44,7 masentimita, ndi kulemera - 2 kg.

Ndi kukula ndi moyo wa mtundu wa nsomba komanso amadalira makhalidwe posungira. Kodi iye amakhala mu Russia nsomba zazikulu? The Mwachitsanzo waukulu akhoza kukumana mu deltas wa Volga ndi Kuban mitsinje ndi malo mu Siberia.

mitundu timakwana pachikhadabo

Mu amatunga yambiri nsomba anthu ukufanizidwa ndi mitundu iwiri, omwe ali chake wapadera malo awo, zakudya, ndi khalidwe. Kumalo a, m'nkhalango m'mphepete mwa nyanja anthu otchedwa nsomba mankhwala, ndipo si kwambiri, koma kukula pang'onopang'ono. Izo wakudya buku ambiri invertebrates, koma nthawi zambiri kapolo wa adani. Kawirikawiri iye abwera kudutsa pamene nsomba nyambo zimatengedwa.

Features kwambiri yoimba tinganene motere: kukula mofulumira, ali wakuda ndi lonse thupi, kudya nsomba makamaka ang'onoang'ono.

Mbali khalidwe kwa anthu a mitundu onse ndi zina siteji iwo amakhala ziri malo omwewo ndi kukhala ndi moyo wofanana. Kusintha ndi zikamera kusiyana kumachitika m'kati kukula. Tikumbukenso kuti akuya mtundu wamkazi Molingana ndi apamwamba kwambiri. Izi kotero kuti mofulumira kukula akazi zimaswana chaka chilichonse.

Za mtundu mankhwala ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti sanali okwanira chakudya kwa iwo ndipo ndithudi kumalepheretsa kukula ndi chitukuko cha mazira mogwirizana ndi zomwe anthu a mitundu zimaswana mu chaka.

Nile nsomba

Nile nsomba - yoimba waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse. Kutalika mamita awiri ukufika munthu uyu, ndipo ake kulemera mwina upambana makilogalamu 150.

Chifukwa kukula kwake yaikulu kwambiri nsomba ndi chilombo pamwamba pa malo ake onse. Umapezeka makamaka mitsinje monga Nile, Niger ndi Congo.

Izo zinali mu 50s kwa zaka za m'ma 19, ndi Nile nsomba anali mtundu zofunika malonda. Iye anabweretsedwa ku nyanja East Africa - Victoria ndi Tanganyika.

Komanso, mtundu uwu unayambitsidwa mu yokumba Nyanja Nasser, yomwe inayamba kulera ngati nsomba nsomba. nsomba Izi othamanga anglers ankakonda nyama. Chifukwa kukula kwake yaikulu kwambiri ndipo mwankhanza m'mutu kwa nsodzi, iye - ndi aziti iyeyu n'ngwabwino mpikisano. Photos wa nsomba waukulu ndi anapereka m'munsimu.

Nile nsomba zambiri kudya nsomba za mitundu ina, nsomba zazinkhanira, tizilombo. Pali milandu kudya oimira chabwino cha mtundu wawo. Voracious nsomba adakondweretsa kuluma pa kudya yokumba ndi nyambo.

Anglers ku dziko lonse kubwera ku nyanja African ndi mitsinje ndi cholinga limodzi - kuti akakole nthumwi koposa cha chimphona lapansi. Ndi nyama ya nsomba ndi chokoma.

Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti mu 2002 msodzi ku UK anakhoza kugwira dziko lonse Nile nsomba, zomwe kulemedwa pafupifupi 85 makilogalamu. Komanso on Lake Victoria ina ndaweza anafa mwachibadwa yoimba (waukulu), miyeso anafika makilogalamu 140. Ndipo ichthyologists kukhala kuti si malire.

A pang'ono spawning

Kuwonjezeka kutentha kwa madigiri 10 ndipo converging ayezi - wabwino nzothandiza makamaka spawning nsomba. Terms ngati zofunika kusasitsa zonse mazira, kuyambira zimadalira pamaso pa madzi ndi mpweya okwanira.

Spawning kusamuka - lililonse, koma osati chodabwitsa lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, nsomba, tikukhala mu madzi, kawirikawiri kungoyang'ana bwino mukafunde ndi yaing'ono mbali. Komabe, anthu okhala mu madzi brackish, kuti zimaswana kupita ku madzi mtsinje chifukwa mazira tcheru mchere (a m'chere anaphedwa chifukwa cha kuchepa madzi).

Spawning yoimba ali ndi nthawi za sabata. Chiwerengero cha mazira akazi lalikulu angafikire ku 300 000, ngakhale chiwerengero chawo avareji za 20-30 zikwi.

Za makhalidwe a nsomba

Tinabadwa timakwana pachikhadabo - sukulu nsomba. Only toyesa waukulu imapachikidwa payokha. Juveniles zambiri akusochera mu lalikulu analipo kwa anthu 100 kapena ziweto zambiri. Iwo kudya wamng'ono nsomba roe nsomba zina ndi invertebrates. Choncho sibwino chiwerengero cha iwo mu gululo, ndi malo abwino.

Nsomba-achinyamata kusungidwa nkhosa za 5-20 zidutswa, monga zikuchokera ofanana mosavuta nyama pa nsomba wamng'ono, kugogoda iwo pamodzi ndi kupanga m'mafanizidwe a kukatentha, imene ogwirira wokongola mofulumira kupsa mtima mawonekedwe a ambiri yopanga ndi kuyamba azitengapo kuukira. "Kukatentha" chifukwa sangathenso nsomba - njira yabwino kwambiri, koma mwayi wa kugwira chitsanzo chachikulu ndi yaing'ono.

Pomaliza, zofunika zachilengedwe

Apa ndi chidwi nsomba moyo mu amatunga ambiri ndi mitsinje, madera akuluakulu a m'mayiko ambiri. Kutentha akadakwanitsira m'madzi ndi wofunika madigiri 10-22 Celsius. Pamene kutentha akutsikira nekotorm ntchito zake amachepetsa, koma osati kwambiri. Ngakhale akufa nyengo yozizira chikudziwikabe kudyetsa.