"Totleben" (Fort): history, photos, malo

Pokumbukira ndi akatswiri aluso asilikali amene malingaliro Ndatsegula nyengo yatsopano pa luso mpanda, ndi Zithunzi Eduard Ivanovich Totleben (1818-1884) forts awiri dzina lake. Iye anafotokoza mfundo anapita ndi kachitidwe wamba mu luso la nkhondo, ndipo aphunzire mu Crimea ndi East kampeni adzamanga chitetezo bwino nthawi zizindikiro mpanda.

mundi Blanche

Chitetezo choyamba, wodziwika ndi dzina la "Totleben" - linga m'nyengo Kerch. Eduard Ivanovich, yemwe anamaliza mu 1859 monga mkulu wa dipatimenti ukachenjede wa dipatimenti asilikali, mu pomanga Kerch linga anasangalala chikhulupiriro chonse ndiponso thandizo la Alexander II. Mu 1872, ntchito pa kumaliza ntchito yomanga anali atamaliza akakwaniritsa mfumu, akubwera uko kuyendera. Ndipo kotero waukulu mpanda linga linali pa dongosolo la Alexander II, dzina la "Totleben". Fort ili mu gawo narrowest wa Strait wa Kerch, pa Cape AK-matazo.

Chozizwitsa cha zomangamanga asilikali

The linga lokha inamangidwa ndi kumachilambalala Pangano la Paris 1856 , amaletsa Russia ndi bulu ndi gombe malinga. mtundu wa ndende kapena m'nyengo linga wotchedwa "Totleben". Fort olumikizidwa kwa kapangidwe ndi motalikitsa 600 mita mumphangayo. achitetezo ameneyu anamumanga zaka 20 ndipo mmodzi wa awiriwo chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi zimphamvu zofunika kwambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja, chinamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma XIX - Kerch ndi Kronstadt. Black Sea linga anali abwino ndi mtima wangwiro - anapereka zinali onse mpaka mwatsatanetsatane otsiriza, mpaka siteshoni njiwa. M'chipindacho asilikali, zimbudzi, tambirimbiri kusungiramo madzi, mobisa wanga ndi ngalande - onse anamanga ndi anasonkhanitsa pa chitetezo cha Sevastopol zinachitikira ndi chisamaliro cha zokometsera la linga, umene omanga nyumba mwachita wosaoneka kwambiri wokutidwa nyumba yonse mwala mobisa.

Kayendedwe

Pa nthawi imeneyi, chimbuzi cha Crimea - mamita 110, pamene pali chipilala kuti namatetule wa luso asilikali amatchedwa "Totleben" ulemu wake. Fort gombe mabatire ataphimbidwa ndi kumtunda. Linga "Kerch" tsopano si pamalo abwino - iye linasiyidwa. Koma maulendo Onsite motsogozedwa umachitika nthawi zonse. Tsopano zoyendera za onse popita ku si kophweka - yoyenda №6, chichokereni ku siteshoni chapakati basi, muyenera kupeza amasiya "kupala matabwa nthambi". Kenako - amangoyenda pansi. No mwatsatanetsatane index - ndi lathu la kuyenda panyanja kapena mwa kufunsira m'deralo. zoyendera Omwe ndi kupita ku mapeto a Taman Street, kudutsa mu yolima, mpaka wotsiriza umene uli linga.

Mmodzi wa forts wa Kronstadt

Chimodzi mwa zinthu dongosolo kudziteteza Kronstadt komanso lili ndi dzina la E. I. Totlebena. Kumangira linga anayamba pambuyo yomanga citadel pa Nyanja Black (1872). Mu 1879 akuyamba ntchito, chifukwa cha zomwe panali awiri zilumba yokumba - maziko a forts awiri mwa nyanja ya. Conventionally, iwo tawakonzera "A" linga ndi linga "B". Woyamba anali kukhala mu osaya pa 10 Km ku chilumba cha Kotlin and 4 Km from Sestroretsk, chachiwiri - 7 makilomita kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa linga "A" and 4 Km from Kotlina. Fort "A" anali ndalama moponya 6.5 miliyoni rubles. golide linga "B" - 7 miliyoni rubles. Ntchito pa ntchito yomanga ntchito kumbuyo anali kutha ndi 1903, imene nthawi anatsanulira yekha ndipo anatsindika chilumba. Only mu 1913, chitetezo anayikidwa mu ntchito. Nditamaliza ntchito linga "A" anadzatchedwa "Totleben", mu ulemu wa kutenga nawo mbali pomanga wake wa zomangamanga nkhondo, ndi chinthu chachiwiri amatchedwa "Obruchev".

onse m'gulu

Fort "Totleben" (chithunzi Ufumuyo) anali mu mawonekedwe a kalata "C". Front gawo anali kufalitsidwa kumadzulo - mdani wosatha wa Russian. Mbali kutsogolo, wopangidwa mwa zigawo zitatu, ndipo awiri yokhota kumapeto mbali pamodzi anafika kutalika mamita 700, m'lifupi zomangamanga anali mamita 50.

Ntchito yomanga ake n'komwe zinachitikira chisoni Chirasha Japanese nkhondo ndi kusintha kwambiri zida zankhondo za. "Totleben" ndi tauni asilikali, malinga ndi zonse zofunikira mu view kwa nkhondo zamakono. Mfundo zosangalatsa, monga boma tsarist mbamphedza asilikali ake. Pa gawo la linga anali dongosolo desalination ndi kuyeretsedwa kwake, 6 magudumu dizilo, zimbudzi, madzi, omasuka m'chipindacho anthu 800 ndi kapitawo Corps, kuchipatala, mankhwala, ophika buledi ndi mpingo, cinematography ndi laibulale, osambira, malo ndi glacier, telegalamu ndipo pofikira matelefoni . Pa mbali ya kuseri kwa gombe anali kuyandikira makhoti, pamodzi misewu ndi.

nthawi osatekeseka

A chozizwitsa cha zomangamanga anali linga "Totleben". Mbiri ya kukhalapo anapitiriza wa chinthu ichi mtengo ndi chidwi sizidzasintha. Zitasintha, iye anapatsidwa dzina latsopano "Pervomayskaya". Mu chilungamo tisaiwale kuti mu 1923 mfuti 10 inchi n'kuyamba kuwombera pa cruiser "Rurik", osiyanasiyana awo pazipita kuchuluka kwa zakale makilomita 18 mpaka 20. Mwadongosolo anachita kukonza.

Fort anachita nkhondo Soviet-Chifinishi mbali yogwira. kukonzanso lomaliza ikuchitika zaka 1950-1954. Kenako zonse anapita kutsikatsika - mu 1955 unatha ndi kudzipatula asilikali zida zankhondo, kuwombera ku mitundu yonse mlandu mu 1957th linga, ndipo kuyambira 1958 kamodzi wamphamvu mpanda waima kanthu sandiganizira.

wogwiritsa vandalism

Palibe anasintha "Totleben" anatengedwa ku Komiti ya Executive wa Leningrad Council City ndi muyezo mu 1990 analowa mndandanda UNESCO. The masiku abwino ndi kumbuyo, pamene 90 ntchentche za m'ma otsiriza anayamba kuyang'ana chinthu conservator ndi wojambula ku St. Petersburg Vladimir Tkachenko, amene anali mkulu wa mongodzipereka. Iye sali mu mawu koma ntchito kutsukidwa, anakonza ndipo akukonzani linga "Totleben". Momwe pano? Funso limeneli sanali pamaso akunjawo, amene anadza pa ayezi m'nyengo yozizira ya 2008. Ntchito zonse za V. Tkachenko inawonongedwa, izo mangled, kuwotchedwa ndi kaŵirikaŵiri. Ndipo pamene ndodo anayang'ana mfundo amphamvu Utumiki mwadzidzidzi, anatsogolera pano mu 1999?

Chilimwe maulendo ya Gulf of Finland

Tsopano chinthu asamalidwe ndi mayunitsi mongodzipereka ndi kufufuza ndi kupulumutsa mayunitsi "Beach". Pitani linga simungathe Komabe, monga gawo ulendo popanda chilolezo chapadera ndi zolembedwa zotheka. Kodi mtundu wa maulendo mwadongosolo? Iwo ikuchitika okha chilimwe, kuti akhoza kukhala ndi telefoni zikupezeka mabukhu.

The okonza ndi mwayi kuona angapo ofanana zinthu Gulf, osati linga "Totleben". Ulendo umaphatikizapo kupita kwa zinthu zotsatirazi - "Choyamba Kumwera" forts "Alexander Ine", "Milutin", "Obruchev" ndi "Totleben".

M'nyengo yozizira, chirichonse chiri mosavuta. Monga tanenera, akhoza anafika pa ayezi Gulf wa Finland, zingakhale chilolezo kukaona linga "Totleben. Momwe m'chilimwe? Gawo chabe la Ulendo wa. kufika Independent pa maboti ndi mabwato ndi koletsedwa, chifukwa chiopsezo ndi akulu kwambiri moti moyo. Kumene, pali ambiri alenje kaya pitani linga, komanso eni a ngalawa uko, kukonzekera ziphuphu yoyenera kuphwanya malamulo.