Gatchina: mapu, chithunzi. Zokopa Gatchina mzinda tsiku

Pafupi ndi St. Petersburg ndi mzinda waung'ono - Gatchina. Lero malo dera m'chigawo Leningrad, anthu amene alumphe anthu 83 sauzande. Tsiku lililonse, mzinda uno kukaona mwa zikwi alendo. Ndipo si kuti Gatchina - Kanema sayansi pa mbali St. Petersburg (pano ali wamkulu mu Russia, College Aphunzitsi, College of Economics and Finance, komanso Institute wa sayansi ya nyukiliya yomwe chikutchedwa BP Konstantinov). alendo wamba amakopeka ndi mzinda uwu owonetsera zakale malo ndi nyumba yachifumu, m'mapaki ndi mchere. N'zovuta kuti atchule zokopa onse Gatchina. Photos of ambiri, inu mwina kale aona izi kapena kuti ngodya ya paki yachifumu pa posters, masitampu, pa TV. Koma ndi bwino nthawi ina kuwona kukongola kwa Gatchina ndi maso ake.

Mbiri ya m'mudzi

Woyamba olembedwa akutchula za kuthetsa pansi pa dzina Hotchino anaonekera mu 1499, mu "buku Novgorod mlembi." Tikudziwanso kuti mu 1712 Gatchinskaya Manor a mlongo wa Peter Velikogo Natale Alekseevne. Koma zipilala nthawi anthu akutali, tsoka, sanakhale ndi moyo. Ndipo akanatero Gatchina chete hamlet, ngati mu 1765 Catherine II sangathe kupereka ku chuma kuti ankakonda ake, 27 wazaka Chiwerengero Grigory Orlov. Iye anayamba kukonzekeretsa dziko lawo latsopano. Ndiyeno panali zokopa loyamba Gatchina. Earl anali kukonda kwambiri za kusaka, kotero anamanga pano "Menagerie", malo nyama, amene anafuna wosaka ukapolo. Tsopano ndi malo okongola a dzina lomweli. Iwo lili kumpoto cha zovuta yaikulu yachifumu.

Tsar zosangalatsa

Pambuyo pa imfa yake, Pet Catherine anapereka chuma mwana wake Paulo, amene atangofika kumene kuchokera ku ulendo France. Izo zinachitika pafupi madzulo wa kuukira boma, mu 1783. Chidwi ndi mwanaalirenji wa apamwamba French ndi yachifumu (ndipo chimene chinachititsa anthu kuti kusintha ofunika dziko), Pavel Petrovich anayamba kumanga ku malo kusaka Orlova zofanana ndi Chantilly m'linga. Zokopa Gatchina kudzadza nyumba monga Venus Pavilion pachilumba yokumba Chikondi, ndi 32 mita obelisk, greenhouses, makola. Mfumu inalamula kuchokera wotchuka wamanga Italy Vincenzo Brenna, amene anayamba remodel nyumba Orlova anamanga Antonio Rinaldi.

m'mapaki

Mwina yachifumu wina, ziribe kanthu momwe kwambiri sangakhale mkati ake, sanathe zikope tcheru la alendo ambiri. Parks - zokopa weniweni wa Gatchina, chifukwa cha zomwe chinthu ndi kulowa UNESCO World Heritage List. Vincenzo Brenna kuika kwambiri khama kulenga wopangidwa mitunda. Izi White, Black, Silver, komanso zonse ndi malo osungirako zachilengedwe Sylvia, Private, Dutch (Upper ndi wotsika) nyanja. Mwa njira, Paulo Ine mwapatsidwa Gatchina mzinda udindo, zimene anthu oyamikira anaika pafupi ndi nyumba yachifumu chipilala mfumu.

zogona lachifumu

Wokongola chilengedwe chokongoletsedwa ndi mitundu yonse ya nyumba zapamwamba, m'mapaki, pavilions, nyanja ndi milatho wosakhwima anapanga Gatchina ankakonda okhala m'banja lachifumu. Apa zonse moyo , Paulo Ine, Nicholas Ine, Alexander Wachiwiri, amene Alexander III. Aliyense mfumu yatsopano anawonjezera chinachake kwa kusintha kwa yachifumu ndi m'mapaki komanso kukhala mumzindawo. Kotero, apa ife kunapangitsa njanji mu 1853. Ndipo mu 1881, panali chozizwitsa kochuruka kwa Ufumu Russian - Gatchina anakhala kwathunthu inasangalatsa "Yablochkov makandulo." Mu 1879, pa Silver Nyanja anayesedwa woyamba Russian sitima zapamadzi, ndipo Launch ndege chinachitika mu 1909. Mu 1914 iye anali wodzipereka ndi Cathedral St. Basil a - mpingo waukulu mu dera Leningrad.

zokopa zina za Gatchina

Imperial Banja Mumakhalako monga maginito akuyandikira kumtunda ndi pakati kuwala kuthetsa pafupi. Gatchina posachedwapa anapeza kutchuka ngati malo "wobiriwira, chapamwamba, wotsika mtengo." Pafupi ndi nyumba yachifumu ndi paki zovuta pali zigawo makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi zaka za m'ma 19. Iwo ali oyanjana ndi mayina a A. S. Pushkina, KF Ryleeva, I. I. Shishkina, V. V. Nabokova, A. I. Kuprina, I. N. Kramskogo, I. V. Severyanina ndi ojambula zithunzi zina ndi olemba . Gatchina map zikhomo, Lomwe lingathe kukopedwa pa ofesi owonetsera zakale bokosi, mudzapeza zinthu zonsezi.

Kodi kukwaniritsa m'nyumbayi

Chophweka njira kufika Gatchina m'sitima. Kuchokera pa Baltic Station Petersburg mu mzinda uno atakwera sitima ziwiri. Wina amapita kumudzi, ndi Chachiwiri pafupi kwambiri ndi nyumba yachifumu ndi paki zovuta. Ngati mukufuna chabe zakale, kutenga tikiti sitima, amene adzafike pa Baltic Station Gatchina. Mukhoza kupeza kuti paki mwa basi yoyenda nambala 18 18a (iwo kupita ku siteshoni okwerera sitima "Moscow") kapena basi chiwerengero 431. Mu galimoto anu, muyenera kupita ndi msewu Kiev. M'nyumbayi ndi lotseguka tsiku, kupatula Lolemba pa 10 m'mawa mpaka 6 koloko madzulo. Mfundo pali nthawi chidwi. Koma zisudzo kwapadera mu nyumba yachifumu ndi paki zovuta amapezeka Loweruka wachitatu wa September, pamene mzinda wonsewo amakondwerera Gatchina. mtundu uwu zikusonyeza mbiri chimene chimachitika "m'mbiri ya anthu" pamaso oonerera. Mlendo zogona asatambira Paulo yekha Ine retinue. Pa perete pansi pa nyumba yomwe inachitika perete asilikali. Ndiye nyengo osiyanasiyana, ndipo pang'onopang'ono omvera ndi magulu ano kulenga, komanso amasonyeza luso lawo paratroopers ndi oyendetsa wa kalabu m'dera ndege. N'zosadabwitsa kuti Gatchina anaphunzira wotchuka mlengi wa "akufa kuzungulira" Nesterov. Tsiku lomaliza la mzinda makombola zokongola ndi odzitukumula.