TPP - ndi kuti? Chiyukireniya TPPs

mphamvu Chiyukireniya wapangidwa ndi makampani mphamvu ikuyambitsa a mitundu yonse zotheka - zomera matenthedwe mphamvu, maofesi opangira magetsi mphamvu, nyukiliya zomera mphamvu. Mtendere wa mtundu woyamba kwambiri ndi zinthu masiku ano zachuma, kuwonongeka ndilo chifukwa amapereka yafupika wa malasha ndi Donbass.

Khama la TPP

Choncho, TES - mphamvu Mmera wonse, umene mayunitsi mphamvu woyamba anatembenukira kwa mankhwala mphamvu combusted mafuta hydrocarbon (malasha, gasi, mafuta) mu mphamvu matenthedwe nthunzi, ndiyeno mawotchi mphamvu ozungulira lotengeka turbines ndi magudumu synchronous, ndipo potsiriza mu mphamvu ngati zamagetsi choperekedwa kupyolera ndi windings wa stator mphamvu gululi.

TPP kungakhale yaikulu mphamvu zofunikira ndi mphamvu MW zikwi zingapo, ndi zinthu zochepa kuyambira mazana ochepa kW kuti MW angapo.

Chifukwa cha ntchito zawo zonse limodzi ndi kuyaka kwa hydrocarbon mafuta umuna m'mlengalenga cha buku lalikulu mpweya flue, ndi TES - ndi lalikulu kuipitsa chinthu chilengedwe. Choncho, ntchito makampani izi nthawi zonse Kukhwimitsa msonkhano wa onse kulamulira chilengedwe ndi anthu.

Gawo TPP

Iwo anachita pa maziko a kamangidwe ka mayunitsi awo mphamvu. osiyana mitundu yambiri.

1. kukatentha-chopangira mphamvu zomera matenthedwe mphamvu - ES ndi sitepe kuvomerezedwa kupanga nthunzi. Monga mbali ya mayunitsi awo mphamvu ndi nthunzi boilers ndi turbines nthunzi. Ena mwa iwo:

• condensation ES (ntchentche). Mu nthawi ya Soviet anaitanidwa mphamvu chigawo boma (TPP). Iwo amapanga magetsi yekha.

• Pamodzi kutentha ndi mphamvu (CHP). Izi makampani ndi, motsutsana ndi ntchentche, kupatula kupanga magetsi, koposa ntchito ya ulimi wa nthunzi madzi ndi magetsi.

2. Mafuta chopangira mphamvu ES. Izi Energoagregat boilers palibe nthunzi, turbines mpweya ndi galimoto mphamvu onsewo yotentha flue mpweya opangidwa ndi moto mafuta (gasi, dizilo).

3. Pamodzi-mkombero matenthedwe magetsi - ndi analogue a CHP imene nthunzi amapangidwa chifukwa cha kutentha yotsalira mpweya wa flue nane turbines mpweya.

4. Dizilo Zamagetsi.

5. Combined ES.

Kaperekedwe General wa Mphamvu ya Ukraine

Dziko lili ndi anayi nyukiliya zomera mphamvu, kugwa zisanu amphamvu siteshoni opangira magetsi pa Dnieper, Dniester PSP, nambala ya okwerera opangira magetsi mphamvu pa mitsinje Transcarpathian, komanso za makumi asanu TPP ndi CHPP ubongo osiyanasiyana - 20 MW (Lviv TPP-1) mpaka 3600 MW, umene uli waukulu matenthedwe magetsi - Zaporizhia. Iwo ali nayo mphamvu yomweyo ndipo Uglegorsk TPS, koma pafupi ndi atasemphana mzere mu Donbass, ndipo ntchito ganyu.

Mu Ukraine ndi Wonse Energy System (UES), womwenso TPP fortini, zomera anayi mphamvu za nyukiliya, zomera zisanu ndi ziwiri hydropower, atatu amawapopa yosungirako, komanso makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri CHP, ang'ono opangira magetsi zopangira magetsiwa, minda mphepo, etc. SES. Anaika mphamvu Zamagetsi Eco Ukraine ndi 53.780.000 kWh . Mu 2012 iwo linkapereka 198 119 000 000 kW ∙ H magetsi.

Mu mphamvu chomera nyukiliya anapereka mphamvu khola kaya nthawi zopezera tsiku, ndi TPP Ukraine, pamodzi ndi HPP wake ntchito ndi mphamvu variable, TACHIMATA diurnal nsonga.

Waukulu mphamvu ikuyambitsa kampani

kupanga centralized magetsi mu UPS a Ukraine anagwira ES a zisanu ndi ziwiri makampani mphamvu ikuyambitsa. Awa, m'magulu anayi ndi munkalowa anaika wa miliyoni 18.2 kW - "Kyivenergo", "Dniproenergo", "Zapadenergo" "Vostokenergo" - gawo la Donetsk wamafuta ndi Mphamvu Company (DTEK), zomwe, mwa kampani yake atagwira "System Capital Management" akulamulira oligarch Rinat Akhmetov. Small kampani "Donbassenergo" ndi mphamvu anaika wa miliyoni 2,855 KW akulamulira kampani "Energoinvest Ndagwira" kuchokera Donetsk. Pomaliza, awiri makampani otsala ali pansi pa boma. Izi "Centerenergo" ndi mphamvu anaika wa kilowatts miliyoni 7,575 ndi NAK "Enerhoatom 'ndi mphamvu anaika 14 kilowatts 140 miliyoni.

Mavuto TPPs Chiyukireniya

The vuto lalikulu ndi kuchepetsa kwambiri kotunga khala ku Donbass, komanso kusowa kwa ndalama kugula ake. kuchepekedwa khala vuto ambiri m'madera onse ndi makampani mphamvu ikuyambitsa.

Iwo anayamba June ndi malo CHP akadali theka kanthu. March ndi April mu khala zomera matenthedwe mphamvu Ukraine kuchuluka kwa 750 kwa 850 zikwi. Tonnes. Ndi kusunga mpaka chiyambi cha Kutentha nyengo, osachepera matani 3 miliyoni, ndi bwino - matani 4 miliyoni wa malasha.

Ngati malo ndizodzazidwa ndi wosakwiya chomwecho, ndiye yozizira Adzadzipezera matani zosaposa miliyoni 1.3-1.5 wa malasha. Pa yemweyo m'matangadza chochepa yozizira watha ife tinali kuyambitsa mchitidwe anagubuduza midima, ndi mayiko Eco ndiribe anakomoka chifukwa cha khala Russian ndi magetsi.

Komabe, otsiriza yozizira anali wachikondi kwambiri. Ngati ozizira adzakhala zikuluzikulu, ndiponso malasha adzatsala pamene mavuto pang'ono kuyamba kale kwambiri ndi zofunika kwambiri zimakhudza anthu ndi mabizinesi (amene adakali kupitiriza).

M'chaka cha TPP tiyenera ntchito kusagwira kuti kuchepekedwa ake Eco ukufika 3 miliyoni kW. Malinga ndi zimene zinachitikira chaka chatha, kumayambiriro yozizira akhoza ziwonjezeke kwa miliyoni 6 kW, kenako pansi chikhalidwe chimene iwo sakanati othamanga frosts zovuta.

zochitika zaposachedwapa mu gawo la mphamvu la Ukraine

Kumapeto kwa May, panali zochitika ziwiri ncthito kugwirizana ndi TPP amasiya. Choncho, kampani "Donbassenergo" Slavyanskaya TPS anaima, ndipo boma kampani "Centrenergo" - ntchito Zmiev TPP m'dera Kharkiv.

Pankhaniyi, kuletsa Asilavo TPP mwiniwake mlandu boma Chiyukireniya, kampani anakana kulipira magetsi aperekedwe. Vuto lili ndi zoonekeratu apamaliro ndale, chifukwa munthu wa kampani matenthedwe magetsi "Donbassenergo" - Starobeshevskaya - imapezeka DNI. Mangawa onse a boma kampani "Mphamvu", zikubweretsa m'midzi yonse energogeneneriruyuschimi ndi kupereka mphamvu makampani, pamaso pa "Donbassenergo" lero ukufika za $ 72 miliyoni pa mitengo panopa kuwombola.

Zmiev TPP anaimitsa ntchito kokha chifukwa cha kusowa kwa malasha, chomwe zokwanira za gulu lina. Komabe, chuma disadvantageous. Choncho, siteshoni ikufuna kupulumutsa malasha mayunitsi ziwiri zitatu.