"Candide" ndi Voltaire: kusanthula mankhwala, zofunika maganizo ndi lingaliro. "Candide": Mwachidule

"Candide" ndi Voltaire - nthanthi satirical buku womwe unakhazikitsidwa mu m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, koma nthawi zina zoletsedwa ndi ukoma lalikulu ndithu zochitika nthabwala. ntchito ndi funso ndichiyembekezo mtima woipa, makhalidwe anthu ndi chikhulupiriro makhalidwe abwino kwambiri.

kulemba nkhani

Voltaire - French wolemba wa choonadi. Iye analenga angapo ntchito nzeru zaumunthu luso, alibe lakuthwa accusatory Zotengera. Voltaire sanali mphamvu za mpingo umene walankhula mobwerezabwereza. Iye anali womenya odzipereka ndi chomwe ndi chipembedzo, ndipo ankadalira pa Mfundo wake nthanthi nzeru zofunika sayansi.

Koma mfundo ngati umboni monga "chisangalalo", ndiye, kuti ndifotokoze malo ake okhudza nkhani zovuta, Voltaire analemba nkhani ya ulendo za optimist Candide, amene, ngakhale kulasa onse tsoka, sanataye chikhulupiriro mu ubwino, kuona mtima ndi kukhulupirika. Chifukwa cha ntchito imeneyi anapita ku mwambo weniweniwo - chivomezi ku Lisbon. Zinali zoopsa zachilengedwe chapakati mmodzi wa mabuku wotchuka omwe analemba Voltaire.

"Candide" - mankhwala kumene wolemba mobwerezabwereza anakana, n'kunena kuti ankati sanali a cholembera chake. Komabe, panopa buku khalidwe la Zotengera Voltaire a. "Candide" ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zabwino wophunzitsa French. Kodi anauza owerenga m'nkhaniyi ndi Voltaire? "Candide", kusanthula zomwe Adzaperekedwa pansipa - ndi nkhani zomwe zingaoneke poyamba Mwachidule kanthu kuposa kusangalala ndi kusangalatsa anthu. Only Kupenda pafupi mungapeze kwambiri nthanthi lingaliro, amene anafuna kusonyeza m'nthawi yawo Voltaire.

"Candide": Mwachidule

The protagonist kwa nkhani ino - achinyamata koyera ndi malo achilengedwe. mumtima mwake chidaliro pa moyo iye kukhala aphunzitsi, amene kuyambira ubwana kukhulupirira la kusapeŵeka kwa chimwemwe. Pangloss, ndicho otchedwa spiritualized nzeru zapamwamba ichi, anali wotsimikiza kuti amakhala bwino wazolengedwa zonse zitheka. Palibe chifukwa chisoni.

Koma kamodzi candida achotsedwa loko mbadwa. Chifukwa kuti anali wokongola Cunegonde, mwana Baron ngakhale kuti anali konse osayanjanitsika. Ndipo ngwazi anayamba kuyendayenda padziko lonse, kulota chinthu chimodzi chokha - kugwirizananso ndi chimwemwe wake wokondedwa ndi kudziwa kwenikweni. Popeza kuti awonongedwa, Candide konse kwa mphindi kukayika, ngakhale mavuto onse ndi mavuto.

Ulendo ngwazi anapatsa mtundu wa Fairy-nthano ndi Voltaire. Candide, Cunegonde yopulumutsa, kenako kupha munthu. Iye ananena kwambiri mwachibadwa. Ngati kupha ndi ntchito kwambiri lililonse kwa optimist ndi. Koma wovulalayo candida zamatsenga anakhala ndi moyo.

Candide anaphunzira kwambiri. Iye ankadziwa m'mavuto. Iye anali wokhoza kuti adzaonanenso ndi Cunegonde Koma yekha atamwalira pempho lake m'mbuyomo. Candide anapeza kunyumba ndi abwenzi. Koma kodi chimwemwe, iye anali akadali osadziwika. Mpaka ndiye, mpaka tsiku lina choonadi iye sanali kupeza ndi tchire osadziwika. "Chimwemwe - ndi ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku" - ndi nzeru zapamwamba oyendayenda anati. Candido sakanachitira mwina koma kukhulupirira ndi kuyamba kukhala ndi munda wake wawung'ono.

zikuchokera

Monga izo zanenedwa, kulemba nkhani imeneyi pambuyo wotchuka Lisbon chivomezi anauziridwa ndi Voltaire. "Candide" - mankhwala, mmene chochitika mbiri poyambira. Mu zikuchokera ndi chapakati. Ndi mu chifaniziro cha zochitika chivomezi nkhaniyo ufika pachimake.

Pambuyo athamangitsidwe a Nyumbayi ndi tsoka Candide tikufufuza Amayendayenda dziko. Chivomezi imayendetsa mphamvu zake. Candide Voltaire amakhala ngwazi mfulu, okonzekera chilichonse kuti apulumutse dona za mtima. A Cunegonde nthawiyi, okhala ethereal chosalimba kukongola, ndi amuna ali kutali ndi zolinga zabwino. Chibugariya Myuda akuba ake ndi kuvumbitsira mdzakazi wake. The Grand Inquisitor sadzapitiriza kukhala pa akungoonerera. Koma mwadzidzidzi pali Candide ndi kuwononga onse yoyamba ndi yachiwiri. Zotsatira za ngwazi ndi kamakhala kuchotsa m'bale wake wokondedwa. Kumusangalatsa Baron ankati sakukhutitsidwa ndi magwero a mpulumutsi wamkulu Kunigunda.

Candide Voltaire akukumbutsa Knight a Cervantes otchuka, ungwiro wa maganizo. Koma lingaliro nthanthi ya ntchito ya wolemba French ali pang'ono kuchita ndi malo a Msipanishi kwambiri.

El Dorado

maziko Political ndipo si wopanda buku lakuti "Candide." Voltaire anatumiza woyendayenda wake akungoyendayenda padziko lonse. Iye akukhala ndi umboni wa zochitika wofunika m'mbiri. Candide kuyendera m'mizinda ya ku Ulaya, America South ndi Middle East. Iye imayang'anira ntchito ya usilikali motsutsa Spanish Ajezwiti, ulemu nkhanza yofanana Voltaire a. Ndipo pang'onopang'ono amayamba kuzindikira kuti mphunzitsiyo anam'patsa optimist si limodzi ubwenzi phunziro. apamwamba zake zonse za kukongola a dziko lino ndi sali wokwanira kobiri ...

Komabe sikuti iye kumana ngwazi wake wotsiriza ndikuyembekeza Voltaire. Candide uliwonse tsopano ndiyeno kumva nkhani zokhudza dera wokongola, zimene anthu sadziwa chisoni ndi kulira ndi zonse zimene amafunikira, osati wokwiya, osati nsanje, ndipo makamaka Usaphe.

Candide ndi Voltaire, ndi njira, ndi dzina wophiphiritsa. Kumatanthauza "yosavuta apamwamba". Candide igwera mu mkhalidwe nthano imene anthu onse ali osangalala. Iwo samakufunsa Wamphamvuyonse chuma. Iwo okha kumuthokoza pa zabwino zimene iwo kale. Izi m'mphepete lowoneka Voltaire mu buku lake nthanthi anasiyanitsa dziko lenileni. Anthu amene akukumana Candide mu nkhani, kaya ndi anzawo, iwo sakudziwa chimene ndi chimwemwe. Si zophweka kuti anthu wamba moyo, ndi anthu apamwamba.

Anagwira m'dziko lanthano, Candide anaganiza zobwerera ku dziko lake sizidzasintha. Ndipotu iye ayenera kamodzinso kupulumutsa Cunegonde.

mtima woipa

Candide chidaliro motsutsana ndi mtima woipa wa mnzake. Martin amakhulupirira mwa zimene anthu akumenya wachiwiri, ndi palibe chimene chingasinthe iwo kwa bwino. Pa nthanthi lingaliro zochokera mankhwala analemba Voltaire? "Candide", zili chimene pamwambapa mwachidule, angakhale wotsimikiza kuti dzikoli kwenikweni yonyansa. Kukhulupirira bwino zitha kuononga munthu. Candide, pokhala munthu woona mtima, anadalira mwa olanda, ndi akuba, ndi chotsatira kuti udindo wake tsiku lililonse likadutsa umakhala chisoni. ukathyali wake ogulitsa. zinthu zotchuka si ofunika pa anthu, ndipo Candide m'ndende.

Venice

Kodi anafuna kuti mu buku nthanthi ndi Voltaire? "Candide", mwachidule amene m'nkhani ino, ndi nkhani zimene zingachitike masiku ano anthu ambiri. ngwazi Voltaire limafika ku Venice mu chopeza wake wokondedwa. Koma mu dziko wodziimira anakhala mboni ya anthu kuchita nkhanza. Apa wakumana ndi mdzakazi ku m'linga, komwe anakhala ubwana wake. Mkazi anapangidwa kufunika kupita sitepe kwambiri: iye akupanga moyo uhule.

mokondwera Venetian

Candide lidathandiza mkaziyo. Koma ndalama anapereka kwa iye, kodi chimwemwe. Hero akadali masamba alibe chiyembekezo kupeza chimwemwe, kapena kuti ndikumane ndi amene ankamudziwa. Ndipo chifukwa tsoka imam'tengera kwa achifumu Venetian, amene mphekesera kuti nthawi zonse maganizo mokondwera ndipo sadziwa chisoni. Koma apa lagona awononge candida kukhumudwa. Venetian akana kukongola ndi amapeza chimwemwe chokha mu kusakhutira ndi ena.

Moyo ku munda

Akuti Candide pang'ono ndi pang'ono disenchanted ndi mtheradi chidaliro nzeru, koma zisakhale ndi pessimist. mfundo ziwiri lotsutsa maganizo anapereka nkhaniyo. Mmodzi wa mphunzitsi Pangloss. Other - Martin.

Candido anali wokhoza kuti awombole ku ukapolo Cunegonde, ndi ndalama otsala kugula famu yaing'ono. Apa iwo potsirizira pake linathetsedwa ndifotokoze mavuto awo, koma mogwirizana wauzimu anafika yomweyo. Jabberwocky ndi rants nthanthi akhala zinazake okhazikika anthu a ulimi. Mpaka tsiku lina Candide sanakaone wosangalala nkhalamba.

"M'pofunika kukhala munda"

Leibniz abala lingaliro nthanthi ya mogwirizana konsekonse. French wolemba chidwi nzeru za woganiza German. Komabe, pambuyo chivomezi, Voltaire lofalitsidwa ndakatulo imene mwamukaniratu chiphunzitso cha muyezo wa chabwino ndi choipa. Pomaliza debunk chiphunzitso cha Leibniz wophunzitsa asamalidwe nkhani za Zopatsa wa Candide.

"M'pofunika kukhala munda" - ndi mfundo imeneyi mothandizidwa ndi mmodzi wa anthu a akupereka mu mutu wotsiriza wa Voltaire. "Candide", mwachidule chimene chimangooneka chithunzithunzi cha ganizo nthanthi ya wolemba, - ntchito imene muyenera kuwerenga ngati simuli pachiyambi, kapena kwathunthu, kuyambira koyambirira mpaka kumapeto. Ndipotu, ngwazi ya Voltaire ndi kusauka kwa maganizo kwa munthu wamakono. Chimwemwe - ndi odekha ndi zonse ntchito. Poganiza ndi kulingalira za cholinga cha moyo kungangochititsa mtima. Mu malo amalingalira ayenera kuchitapo kanthu.