Tretyakov Gallery: maholo ndi kufotokozera awo

Tretyakov Gallery - mmodzi wa zakale wotchuka mu Russia ndi kuzungulira dziko. Chionetsero yaikulu chimakwirira nthawi kuyambira zaka khumi mpaka pano. N'zovuta kulingalira kuti Tretyakov Gallery, amene maholo akhala chinyezimiro cha luso Russian kuyambira kale mpaka pano, anayamba ndi kusonkhanitsa payekha.

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Nyumba Lavrushinsky Lane Tretyakov anagula mu 1851. Mutu wa banja, Pavel, anali wamalonda wopambana, koma iye anali wofuna kuthandiza otchuka, padera pa zochitika zambiri zachifundo. Iye anali wokhometsa mwaphamphu kusonkhanitsa zojambula, ziboliboli, zithunzi ndi zojambulajambula zina.

Iye anali ndi cholinga lonse - kulenga zomera dziko, osati chabe owonetsera zakale. Chiyambi cha zopereka zithunzi khumi zojambulidwa ndi ambuye Dutch. Poyamba, Tretyakov Gallery, kumene maholo anali otseguka yekha achibale ndi alendo, anali mu nyumba, kumene Tretyakov moyo. Koma zosonkhanitsira mofulumira kwambiri, ndi malo kusonyeza sikokwanira. Pamene mwiniwake wa moyo opangidwa kukonzanso ambiri. Ndipo pamene Pavle Mihayloviche mzinda okhala mwayi wokaona bungwe chikhalidwe ngati Tretyakov Gallery. Zipinda kukodzedwa ndi chionetsero wakula nthawi zonse. Pa kutchuka m'nyumbayi ndi chakuti kwa zaka zinayi alendo ake anthu oposa 30 zikwi.

zaka 40 zitachitika, monga izo zinali pa chiyambi cha zopereka, Pavel Tretyakov kulipereka monga mphatso Moscow. msonkhano lowonjezera ndi zosemasema kusungidwa mu m'bale chachiwiri, Sergei. Choncho mu Moscow "Gallery a Pavel ndi Sergei Tretyakov." Wina wofuna kuthandiza odziwika Morozov anaperekedwa katswiri ndi Renoir, Van Gogh, Monet. Ngakhale kulanda mzinda, onse woyang'anira anapitiriza kubwezeretsanso zosonkhanitsira. Atamwalira Tretyakov lonse nyumba Lavrushinsky Alley pa mzindawo.

New Life Collection

Mu 1913, trasti, ndi mkulu wa zomera anaikidwa I. E. Grabar. Iye sanali kokha ndi luso wojambula, mmisiri wake ndi luso mbiri, komanso kulinganiza. Kuti anakhala ntchito yaikulu ya systematizing zosonkhanitsira. Adagawira nsalu za nthawi zakale, kuti alendo nawo mpata zinayambira luso Russian. Pamene idamangidwa, ndi msonkhano kubwezeretsedwa. Kumapeto kwa chaka cha ntchito atapachikidwa mu holo ya Tretyakov Gallery, analipo kuyang'anira ndi kugulu.

Zitasintha, khamu lonse linali nationalized ndi m'manja mabwalo wamng'ono. Icho chinakhazikitsidwa "State Tretyakov Gallery" amene maofesi zinali zoyenera ku zigawo zonse za anthu. Zosonkhanitsira wakula kwambiri chifukwa kucheza ndi zakale zina ndi zopereka patokha kutengerapo, amene nationalized m'nyengo Soviet.

Pa nthawi ya nkhondo zopereka owonetsera zakale zinawapangitsa Novosibirsk. Nazi mabomba chifundo chachikulu. Awiri apamwamba zachiwawa bomba mu 1941 adakondweretsa mwachindunji Tretyakov Gallery, kuchititsa zinawonongeka kwambiri. Koma chaka chotsatira, anayamba kubwezeretsa kwa nyumbayi, ndipo mu 1944 ndi zomera khomo ankakonda okhala likulu kukonzanso anatsegula kwa anthu.

maholo wa Tretyakov Gallery

Kuyambira pamene zake, zomera kumanga ankamangidwanso kangapo. Pali kusintha latsopano ndi danga zina anaonekera monga chopereka mu ulemerero wake onse. Pakali pano, kufotokoza ndi ili mu zipinda 106. Ambiri ili mu nyumba mu Lavrushinsky Lane, kumene iwo anali 62. The zovuta mulinso kowonera zakale-mpingo wa St .. Nikolaya Chudotvortsa, msonkhano-owonetsera zakale Golubkina, Vasnetsov Nyumba Museum ndi nyumba Museum Corina. Chipinda chirichonse mu Tretyakov Gallery - ndi mwayi kukhudza luso, kuona katswiri wanzeru. Zosonkhanitsira lili 150 zikwi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho, ambiri mwa amadziwa kuti aliyense kuyambira ali mwana. zokoperazo zambiri za Matchalitchi m'gulu mabuku sukulu m'dziko lonselo. Pa zithunzi izi mukhoza kuphunzira Russian. Ndipotu, tili ndi nyanja, monga mwa zojambula ndi Aivazovsky, nkhalango - ngati Shishkin, zachilengedwe Levitan. Ngakhale chithunzi yabwino ya Pushkin, lomwe aliyense sukulu, nachiyika pano.

iconography holo

Mu mphambano iliyonse ya Tretyakov Gallery ali zojambula, kokongola. Koma mwina maholo kwambiri chachinsinsi - holo iconography. Potumiza Pavel deta ndi zojambula komanso anapereka zithunzi 62 kuchokera deta yake. Tsopano mu nyumbayi pali mazana angapo. Aliyense wa iwo umaimira njira ya Orthodoxy m'dziko Russian. Ena mwa iwo ndi ntchito ndi Rublev, Theophanes Chigiriki ndi amisiri ena otchuka. Ndipo mmodzi wa zithunzi kwambiri akulemekezedwa ndi wakale pamalo mpingo kunyumba ya Tretyakov Gallery - ndi Vladimir Mayi wa Mulungu. Iye ali zaka zoposa 900.

Ndinakumana Lavrushinsky Lane

Nyumba imene Lavrushinsky Lane, wotchuka Vasnetsov wapakamwa, chamene m'chigawo. Zipinda 62, anagawa m'zigawo 7, kuti mumve, akusonyeza ntchito ndi ojambula zithunzi yabwino ya Russia osati. Kodi chachikulu ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana za Tretyakov Gallery. Kufotokozera za zipinda osaneneka angapo a magazini kulisindikiza. Kupita pa ulendo, ndi bwino kusankha wojambula makamaka kapena kupenta, amene amapatula nthawi zambiri. Apo ayi, ankadziwa tambirimbiri adzakhala zachiphamaso kwambiri ndi chosakwanira. Mayina a zipinda za Tretyakov Gallery limafanana poyera mu zopereka zawo.

Choncho wakale Russian luso ukufanizidwa mu iconography.

Ndipo m'zipinda za zaka XVIII-XIX ali anasonyeza zojambula za ambuye kwambiri Levitsky, Rokotoff Ivanova, Bryullov. Kuonetsa kupenta Ivanov "Maonekedwe a Khristu kwa anthu" chipinda chapadera inamangidwa. Ndipo kunayamba zithunzi wotchuka wa chiwerengero chachikulu cha unknowns. Zinali zofunika kugwila auze pa lona mbali ndi khalidwe la munthu, koma sindiye kukhala otchuka. Ntchito zake Bryullov kudziŵika ntchito mwaluso anachita "Wokwera", komwe mtsikana ndi chisomo chodabwitsa akukhala astride ndi stallion zazikulu.

Ndiponso analanda chidwi mwa bwalo, kumene ntchito za amisiri wa theka lachiwiri la m'ma XIX. Kodi mukhoza kumiza nokha mu dziko zamatsenga za zimathandizadi luso, kumene chilichonse ndi anaphedwa ndi amve chidwi. M'zithunzi Repin thupi akuona ngati anali dzuwa pakapinga aliyense tsamba sways mu mphepo. A "ngwazi zitatu" Vasnetsov ngati lero kuteteza malire dziko kwa adani sanatiitane. Mwa njira, apa mutha kuona ndi ntchito Vasnetsov Chitsamba Choyaka.

kupenta Surikov a "Boyar Morozova" kapena "Morning wa Strelets akuphedwa" amanena mwamphamvu maganizo a ophunzira aliyense mu zochitika zimenezo. Palibe munthu chidwi kapena khalidwe wamba. Onse olembedwa motsimikiza, ndi zodabwitsa.

Mu akunyezimiritsa penti ndi XIX-XX zaka zambiri, wapereka ntchito geniuses monga Serov, Vrubel, komanso akuluakulu a Union of Russian ojambula.

Chuma cha Russian Art

Large ndi osiyanasiyana Tretyakov Gallery. Nyumba, zojambula, ziboliboli, zithunzi sadzalekerera aliyense osayanjanitsika. A mbali zosiyana chionetserocho ndi "Zachuma", de anasonyeza zinthu zopangidwa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali ndi ngale. Chabwino jewelers ntchito yosangalatsayi.

zithunzi

A chipinda osiyana laperekedwa kwa luso la zojambulajambula. Ntchito zonse kuperekedwa mu njira imeneyi, ndi mantha la kuunika, ndi osalimba zolengedwa. Choncho kuti awo anaika kuyatsa wapadera, pang'ono muffled. Apa anasonyeza zosonkhanitsira waukulu wa zithunzi Russian. Ndi ochepa koma palibe zosonkhanitsira zochepa wapatali kakang'ono wapakhomo.

art chi

The nyumba pa Krymsky Val, kufanizira ndi Tretyakov Gallery, akupereka luso ku nthawi Soviet mpaka pano. Alendo kuonera ndi chidwi monga mfundo za umakhudza chithunzicho.

ambuye Hall

Zosonkhanitsira ali ndi ntchito limodzi, ndipo pali zopereka lonse la zojambula za mbuye. chipinda wodzipereka kwa wojambula mu Tretyakov Gallery, lili yekha ntchito za panyengo zosiyanasiyana. Chotero chionetsero yavlyatsya ntchito ndi Shishkin. Koma ambuye ena a burashi ndi mwalandira ulemu wotero.

Popeza kutsegula zake, Tretyakov Gallery anakhala zosonkhanitsira wachuma wa zojambula ndi zinthu luso. Ngakhale m'nyumbayi Russian, anakhazikitsa pa mlingo boma, kutaya mu kutchuka msonkhano imeneyi.