Sfumato kupenta njira: makamaka Zitsanzo

Sfumato kupenta - njira yapadera kungoti inde Leonardo da Vinci. Mpaka tsopano, amasangalala ndi omvera ndi akatswiri amasirira aluso. Tiuzeni mbali ya njira iyi ya kulemba, amene ntchito komanso pamene lero mutha kuona katswiri wa sfumato.

kutanthauza

Mawu Chitaliyana "sfumato" amatanthauza "anazimiririka ngati utsi." Pa Kubadwa Kwatsopano, mawuwa anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito amisiri, kuonetsanso wapadera shaded fano. Kenako akuti adayamba ntchito dzina la makamaka njira halftone.

mbali luso

Akukhulupirira kuti Leonardo da Vinci, amene amaonedwa tate wa sfumato, mwachidule ndi changwiro analipo pa nthawi ya Italy Kubadwa Kwatsopano halftone njira. njira tichipeza mu kuchititsa wochenjera, zigawo translucent zomwe sizidzipezera alipo, koma kumachititsa kapena mdima zidutswa tsamba. Woonda glaze wa osachepera mtundu kusiyana angalenge kudzimva Chifunga, nkhungu. Sfumato kupenta ndi Leonardo da Vinci ali angwiro. Akatswiri ofufuza limasonyeza kuti ingagwiritsidwe wosanjikiza makulidwe a microns 3-4. sfumato agwiritsa ntchito njira kupeza malo limapereka. contours amaona kulola molimba mtima ndi bwino kutsindika chinthu chachikulu pa chinsalu cha. Halftone pang'onopang'ono kusunthira mu mthunzi wandiweyani, popanda kulenga kuonekera kwa diso mitanda malire.

Classic sfumato analengedwa ntchito yapadera utoto translucent, glazes. Ntchito ojambula zithunzi ntchito kuwala sable burashi kuti akhoza kuchita brushstrokes pafupifupi wosaoneka. Anadzatchedwa njira ya "youma burashi", monga waukulu chabwino wojambula chinsalu mipita lightest zikwapu ndi ping'ono youma utoto kusakaniza. Pambuyo kuyanika wathunthu zithunzi akadali kuyeretsa owonjezera kusiya chabe wosanjikiza tosaoneka.

Maonekedwe a sfumato ndi

Kuona kukongola kwa kupenta sfumato akhoza kukhala pa zojambula za Leonardo da Vinci. Background mu zojambula wake analibe momveka, mizere mawu ndi zikwapu. Chifunga ndi blur maziko ku maganizo kum'patsa ndi chidwi pa waukulu nkhani za chithunzi. Pankhaniyi, mankhwala amapereka maziko zofewa ya mpweya ndi kuya.

Pali maganizo olakwika kuti sfumato - izo zokha penti njira. Izi si choncho. Njira yomweyo ntchito ndi Leonardo mwangwiro mu pensulo zojambula. Kukwaniritsa kuswa ndi shading subtlest kusintha. Komanso, njira imeneyi mogwira ntchito mu pastels. Mwa kusinthasintha mlingo wa kukakamiza burashi pastel, chithunzicho amakwaniritsa osiyana a mphamvu ya mtundu ndi ntchito choko yonyowa zimathandiza kupeza madigiri osiyana mwakuya za kuthengo. Komanso pastels kulenga sfumato zotsatira amagwiritsa shading ndi mitundu. Timatha inu kufufuta malire pakati pa mtundu ndi zina kusintha ndi kukatenga ankafunila zotsatira za chifunga ndi Chifunga.

katswiri wa Leonardo

Pali geniuses ochepa amene anali kufika ndi wina watsopano mu pachithunzipa, ndipo mmodzi wa iwo - Leonardo da Vinci. Chikuonetseratu kuti kupenta sfumato, komanso mmene timaonera okhudza malo - ndi anapeza chofunika kwambiri chithunzicho. Pamene ife tikuyankhula za sfumato, ndiye, ndithudi, kumbukirani mwaluso waukulu da Vinci a - "La Gioconda". Maziko a ntchito imeneyi ndi chitsanzo cha tingachipeze powerenga "wautsi" wa kupenta. Chithunzi cha Mona Lisa amakhala mochititsa limaonetseratu ndipo atayamika kutchinga kuti tisaone, mdima, ndi nyengo ngati maziko. Chinsinsi chake kumwetulira makamaka owonetseredwa chifukwa cha chilungamo cha chikhalidwe. Komanso sfumato njira ya kupenta kwake ntchito angapo mbuye, kuphatikizapo "Virgin wa miyala", "Madonna ndi Mwana", "Yohane Mbatizi", "Madonna wa Carnation".

Yunione

Ake chitukuko sfumato kupenta njira walandira mu yunione. Iwo amakhala makamaka Raphael. Poyerekeza ndi sfumato tingachipeze powerenga mu yunione ntchito mitundu kukuwalirawalirabe, akalumikidzidwa ndi contours ndi yapadera kwambiri. Komabe, palinso kusungidwa ndi mfundo za kusintha chozemba zina ndi chilungamo, amene amalenga ndi kumverera kwa mpweya pa intaneti. Izi njira yatsopano imene yophatikiza mbali yabwino ya sfumato, komanso njira zina zojambula Italy anapereka ntchito zoterozo Raphael, monga "zisomo zitatu" ndi ambiri "Madonna" nthawi Florence.

Kandzhiante

Maonekedwe a kupenta sfumato anatsogolera chakuti pali yofanana angapo zace. Choncho, Michelangelo analenga Baibulo wake m'njira Mipikisano magawo kulemba - kandzhiante. Zipangizo zoyendera magetsi inamangidwa pa kufala kwa kuwala ndi mthunzi, koma mosiyana sfumato, kumene kusintha ali ankawachotsera kunja ngati kuli kotheka, apa ntchito mtundu mosiyana. Ntchito ya kulandira chomwecho - kupereka chithunzi mozama ndi moyenera. A chitsanzo chapadera cha njira imeneyi ndi ntchito Michelangelo "Madonna Doni".

chiaroscuro

Maonekedwe a kupenta sfumato chikwiyire ojambula kwa mipata yofanana mu dongosolo. Chifukwa cha multilayer chiaroscuro luso. Ndi zogwirizana chithunzi amaonekera ndi matabwa angapo kuti amalola kutumiza sewero kuwala ndi mthunzi ndi kulenga atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena zikuchokera. The kholo la njira imeneyi anali wa ku Italy wojambula Ugo da Carlo. Mbuyache wotchuka amene anali njira imeneyi inali French Zhorzh De La ulendo ndandanda.

Guulu la Da Vinci

Kuyambira nthawi ya sfumato Leonardo mu luso zitsanzo za amene angapezeke m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, izo zakhala njira yakale kulenga kwambiri, ntchito mumlengalenga. Anthu ambiri aluso akhala akugwiritsa ntchito ndi ntchito ndi olandiridwa. The otsatira wotchuka kwambiri Da Vinci ankaona Titian, Johan Abeling, Omar Galliani.