Tsiku yomenyera wathunthu wa Leningrad ku anatseka misewu Nazi (1944, January 27)

Papita zaka zoposa 70 kuchokera nthawi imene magulu Soviet potsiriza anakwanitsa kuchotsa anatseka misewu ya Leningrad, umene unatha pafupifupi 900 masiku yaitali ndi lowopsya ndi usiku. asilikali Nazi anazungulira mzinda wachiwiri zofunika kwambiri Soviet Union mu September 1941. Koma ngakhale nkhondo zoopsa, zonse shelling ndi mabomba, zofunika kwambiri chikhalidwe, malonda ndi ndale likulu la boma la Soviet anatha kupirira kuthamanga zosaneneka za mdani.

Kenako, lamulo German anaganiza likulu akumpoto mphete. Ndipo ziribe kanthu kuti sikunali mzinda okhala ndi asirikali a Red Army, koma ndalama khama zoposa likuyandikira, monga momwe akanathera, tsiku la kumasulidwa wathunthu wa Leningrad ku anatseka misewu Nazi. Mwatsoka, onse akupezeka tsiku yofunikayi.

Woyamba anatseka misewu yozizira

M'pofunika kunena mwakamodzi kuti kuzinga Leningrad panafika Asilikali German osati. Ndi dzanja ku Finland Army, yapamadzi, Chitaliyana, Chisipanishi "Blue Division", ndi aluso ochokera m'mayiko ambiri European. Mzindawu pafupifupi mwathunthu asakhalenso mu mpumulo wa dziko. Pa Kuzinga mumsewu waukulu, umene amapereka anthu ake ndi chakudya pa nyengo yozizira, inali njira ya moyo. Chotero anaitana njira kuti anathamanga kudutsa ayezi nyanja ya Ladoga. Nzika zowawa mavuto zosaneneka, ndipo anapita mpaka kufikira tsiku yomenyera wathunthu wa Leningrad ku anatseka misewu Nazi.

Koma ayezi msewu sanathe kumvetsa kuphimba zosoŵa zonse chotero mzinda waukulu. Chifukwa, Leningrad anataya, malinga ndi ziwerengero osiyanasiyana, kuyambira masauzande ambiri ku hafu miliyoni wa nzika zake. The anthu ambiri anafa ndi njala ndi hypothermia chifukwa cha kusowa pachimake chakudya ndi mafuta. Woyamba anatseka misewu yozizira ya 1941-1942 inakula kwambiri, chotero imfa waukulu anabwera pa nthawi ino. Zotsatira okwanira bwino pang'ono, ndi m'tauni anatha kukonza minda, kenako nambala ya imfa utachepa kwambiri.

zopelekedwa chitsimikiziro

Mwatsoka, anthu ambiri sanayembekezere nthawi pamene tsiku zochotsa lathunthu la anatseka misewu ya Leningrad. Tsamba ili WWII ndi imodzi mwa choopsa ndi zozizwitsa mu mbiri ya dzikoli. Munthu ayenera okha kukumbukira zomvetsa chisoni tsikulo zolemba sukulu Tani Savichevoy. Pali zisanu ndi zinayi zokha masamba, asanu ndi limodzi tadzipereka kwa imfa ya anthu chakwawo - abale, alongo, amayi, agogo ndi amalume awiri.

Ndipotu, pafupifupi anthu onse a m'banja anamwalira yozizira loyamba azingidwa, kuchokera December 1941 kuti May 1942. Mtsikanayo chomwecho anapulumutsidwa ndipo inanyamula ku Chile. Koma thanzi Tanya mwatsatanetsatane kuonongedwa ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi miyezi yambiri, iye anamwalira patapita zaka ziwiri. Iye ndiye anali ndi zaka 14 zokha.

Potsiriza tsiku linafika mokwanira zochotsa Leningrad anatseka misewu. Mwamwayi kenako, Tanya akadali cholakwika. mchimwene wake wamkulu ndi mlongo anapulumuka, ndi mwa iwo blog wake anaphunzira dziko lonse. zochitika akhala chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za anatseka misewu kuti akuzunzidwa. Pa mayesero Nuremberg tsikulo Tanya anali kuperekedwa monga umboni wa woipa mtima ndi nkhanza lopondereza boma.

chigonjetso msewu

Mu January 1943, Red Army, popeza anayesetsa zosaneneka ndi kuvala nkhondo zambiri asilikali ake ankachititsa ntchito malamulo dzina lake "Kuthetheka". M'kupita kwa asilikali ake a Volkhov ndi Leningrad amadzibisa analephera kuswa kudzera chitetezo German. Chifukwa, kunapangitsa yopapatiza kulowera amathamanga limodzi Nyanja Ladoga. Pa ndipo wabwezeretsedwa dziko kulankhulana kwa mzinda anazinga ndi kumtunda.

Pa malo mu yochepa galimoto kunapangitsa msewu ndi njanji, omwe anatchedwa "Wokondedwa chigonjetso." Pambuyo pake, dziko ndi mwayi kukhazikitsa kotunga mzinda ndi chakudya ndi mafuta, komanso achoke ambiri a anthu wamba, makamaka akazi ndi ana. Koma zimenezi si mapeto a anatseka misewu ya Leningrad. mzinda Kumasuka Tsiku tidzaomboledwa pokhapokha chaka.

The zinasintha

Mu 1943, Red Army anali angapo ntchito zofunika njira. Zikuphatikizapo Nkhondo ya Stalingrad, nkhondo pa za Orel-Kursk, mu Donbas ndi Dnieper. Chifukwa, ndi 1944 kunali mpata kwambiri, zomwe kwakukulukulu anabweretsa tsiku kumasulidwa wathunthu wa Leningrad ku anatseka misewu Nazi. January 27 zidzachitikadi, koma mpaka pamenepo asilikali Nazi akadali n'loopsa kwambiri. Wehrmacht sanataye imapanga ake nkhondowo, umboni ndi ntchito asilikali ikuchitika mwa iwo. Lolamulidwa ake anali madera ambiri a dera la USSR.

Ndi nthawi ya kutsogolo wachiwiri Ulaya silinakwaniritsidwe anatulukira ndipo anali m'manja a Nazi Germany, monga kulola Hitler kuganizira kukanganako mphamvu zonse kummawa. Anthu ntchito asilikali amene amachitika Italy, analibe mavuto aakulu ndipo ndi pafupifupi palibe chikoka pa Wehrmacht. Choncho tsiku yomenyera wathunthu wa Leningrad ku anatseka misewu Nazi nthawi zonse kulephereka.

Mapulani yomasulira mzinda

Pa mapeto a 1943. The mlingo wasankha kukhala ndi mndandanda wa nkhonya asilikali mdani. Anakonza kuukira ku Leningrad ku Nyanja Black, motsindika makamaka pa flanks ya Soviet-German kutsogolo.

Choyamba, kunali koyenera kuti aswe gulu la asilikali "North", mzinda wa Leningrad tidziwe ndi kumasula Baltic. Malangizo kum'mwera ankafunika kuchotsa mphamvu lopondereza osati Crimea, koma kumanja Bank Ukraine, kenako kupita ku malire a dziko la Soviet Union.

wathunthu anamasulidwa Leningrad ku anatseka misewu Tsiku likuyandikira, ngati iwo akanakhoza, amuna a 2 Baltic, Volkhov ndi Leningrad amadzibisa, komanso asilikali a Baltic zombo.

Kulimbana kwa Capital Kumpoto

Nagonjetsa anayamba pa January 14. Ndi Oranienbaum bridgehead anapita kumuukira mantha 2, ndipo tsiku lotsatira - ndi 42 TH Army wa Leningrad Front. Pomwepo nawo ndi Volkhov. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti asilikali mdani inali yokhazikika mzere wa chitetezo, ndipo nthawi yomweyo anapereka wamakani kukana. Komanso pa liwiro la Red Army inagunda m'madambo woodland. Komanso, January m'firiji pamtunda anayamba mwadzidzidzi kupewedwa akuyendetsa zida.

Patapita masiku asanu chiyambi cha amanyansidwa ndi magulu Soviet anakwanitsa kumasula Red Village ndi Ropsha. Ndi nthawi iyi, Peterhof-Strelna lopondereza gulu unazunguliridwa ndi pang'ono kuwonongedwa ndi zotsala ake - waponya ku mzinda anazinga kwa 25 Km. Ndi vuto lomweli natembenukira Mga kugwirizana, koma Germany nthawi kutapa asilikali ake. Tsiku yomenyera wathunthu wa Leningrad ku anatseka misewu Nazi (1944) ikuyandikira. Pakali pano, Red Army athamangisa achilendo ochokera m'mizinda ina.

Novgorod wosamasula

Izo zinachitika pa January 20. Dziwani kuti nkhondo isanayambe Novgorod anali ndithu chikhalidwe, sayansi ndi mafakitale pakati yaikulu. N'zovuta kulingalira, koma umodzi mwa mizinda yakale kwambiri Russian anapulumuka nyumba zosaposa 40. Wathunso Anazi ndipo manda lalikulu la luso lakalekale ndi zomangamanga. Anaziwonongeratu mipingo ya St. Peter ndi Paulo Kozhevniki ndi Mpulumutsi pa Ilyina. Kwa iwo panali charred mafupa a makoma. Nicholas ndi St. Sophia Cathedral pang'ono kuwonongedwa ndi kulanda katundu. Novgorod Kremlin amadziwikanso kupweteka kwambiri.

Zikuoneka kuti chifukwa chiwonongeko kwambiri mu mzinda akhoza kukhala dongosolo la utsogoleri German zankhondo ndiponso zandale. Iwo anati kuti Novgorod m'mayiko adamangidwa kusamukira ku ankalamulira Prussian East, kotero pano mbukhafuna umboni wa mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe pamaso pa anthu Russian. Ngakhale chipilala odzipereka kwa Millennium la Russia, wakhala ankaiphwasula. The Germany anali kuyika ku ng'anjo ya.

zigawenga kayendedwe

apikira kumasulidwa kwa Novgorod, asilikali a Soviet anatha kubweza Germany Slutsk, Pushkin ndi Krasnogvardeisk, kubwera pa nthawi yomweyo chingwe malire kunsi kwa mtsinje Luga. Kumeneko anatenga bridgeheads angapo. Pa nthawi yomweyo itakula ndi Soviet olimbanawo mayunitsi kugwira ntchito mu madera awo. Kulimbana nawo, lamulo German anaponya battalion aliyense lililonse la magulu alipo kumunda, ndipo magulu chitetezo payekha. Poyankha, ku Central olimbanawo Likulu atachititsidwa mndandanda wa nkhonya kumbuyo kwa asilikali lopondereza.

Kumasulidwa kwa Capital Kumpoto

Pomaliza, anabwera tsiku nthawi yaitali zochotsa wa anatseka misewu ya Leningrad (1944). January wailesi 27 m'dera werengani malemba a dongosolo la omenyana Leningrad Front. Zinamveka kuti anatseka misewu ndi kuchotsedwa kwathunthu. Pambuyo kuti masauzande mozizwitsa kupulumuka okhala ndi zokometsera anathamangira kwa misewu.

Chimodzimodzi pa 20:00 izo zinapangidwa 24 volleys kwa mfuti 324, amene anatsagana ndi makombola, ndi backlight wa searchlights antiaircraft. Mu Moscow, nayenso, anali wapadera zida zankhondo sawatcha ndi makombola. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mzindawo pa Neva tinalengeza yekha panthawi ya nkhondo. Onse a makombola anali anapezerapo yekha mu Moscow.

pasadakhale zina

Ngakhale kuti tsiku la kumasulidwa wathunthu wa Leningrad ku anatseka misewu Nazi atabwera, Red Army anapitiriza kuukira kuthawa asilikali a ku Germany pa Luga, ndi Narva ndi Gdov mayendedwe. The Germany anayankha counterattack wosimidwa. Nthawi zina anatengera zina za mu Red Army lazungulira. February 4, asilikali a Soviet anamasula Gdov, kutulutsa ku Nyanja Peipsi. February 15 adakhoza anagumula kumbuyo mzere Luga.

Chifukwa cha ntchito, mphamvu zathu n'kuwononga yaitali chitetezo lopondereza ankhondowo ndi khutu ku Baltic States. kumenyana lolemera mpaka March, komabe, Red Army walephera kumasula pamene Narva. Volkhov Front unatha ndi asilikali ake anatitumiza ku gawo limodzi - Leningrad, ndi zina - 2 Baltic.

Mu April 1944, asilikali a Soviet anafika kwambiri zokhalamo German mzere "Panther". Koma pafupifupi miyezi iwiri kumenyana mosalekeza ndi oopsa, ndi Red Army anataya katundu yaikulu zipangizo ndiponso anthu. Ndipo izo ziri mu kusowa zoopsa za zipolopolo! Choncho, mlingo anaganiza kusamutsa asilikali mode kumbuyo.

tsiku Chikumbutso

Mu 1995, iwo anatengera lamulo feduro, chimene chikondwerero pa January 27 - Tsiku la ulemerero lankhondo la Russia (Tsiku la kuswa anatseka misewu ya Leningrad). Mu 2013, Pulezidenti zinasaina chikalata watsopano pa tsikuli. Kukadakhala zina zimene zokhudza dzina latsopano: Tsiku la Asilikali Ulemerero anadzatchedwa Tsiku la Kumasuka wa Leningrad ku anatseka misewu Nazi.

January 27 - ndi chizindikiro cha kulimba mtima, mavuto zosaneneka, nsembe ndi ungwazi monga asilikali Soviet, ndipo anthu wamba. Masauzande anthu amene anamenyera Leningrad, anali kupereka mphoto zosiyanasiyana boma. 486 Anthu anayamba kuvala waudindo wapamwamba wa Hero wa Soviet Union, ndi atatu a iwo - kawiri.

nthano asilikali

Ngakhale kuti ngati pakhala zochitika izi chisoni kuti zinachitika zaka zoposa 70, mutu wa likulu wakumpoto wa anatseka misewu ukadali akusiyana maganizo kwambiri pankhani. Asayansi ena ndale akhala ankati ngati opondereza Stalin boma analola ndiye kuti wapereka mzinda ndi asilikali a ku Germany ndi Chifinishi, mwanjira anakwanitsa kupewa nsembe zotere zosafunika ya anthu wamba ndi Jan. 27 - tsiku la kumasulidwa wathunthu wa Leningrad - Sichoncho zachisoni m'mbiri dziko.

Kuti, anthu kuiwala kuti likulu kumpoto usilikali chofunika kwambiri ndi njira chinthu. kugwa kwake ndithu achititsa zotsatira mpaka kalekale zingakhudze zotsatira za nkhondo. chakuti Leningrad inachitika padziko yokha mphamvu ndithu mdani, ndilo gulu la asilikali "North". Pambuyo analanda mudzi, asilikali a ku Germany akhoza kufalitsidwa kwa mphepo Moscow kapena kulanda Caucasus. Komanso imeneyi kunali koyenera kuganizira chinthu makhalidwe abwino, monga imfa ya Leningrad adzachulukitsa kwambiri kuchepetsa makhalidwe a anthu osati Union, komanso Red Army wonse.

Zolinga za Germany ndi ogwirizana ake

utsogoleri Nazi sikuti kuwerenga pa adani a nkhondo, malo aakulu ndale ndi mafakitale Soviet Union, mudzi pa Neva. Iwo anakonza kwathunthu kuwononga Leningrad. Ndipo umboni wa zimenezi ndi kulowa mu zolemba zake, anapanga ndi mkulu wa asilikali Wogwila Frantsem Galderom Germany. Iwo ananena kuti Hitler inakhazikitsa chisankho lomveka pa Moscow ndi Leningrad, ndilo kufunika "mwakufuna iwo ndi dziko lapansi." Mizindayo ndi anthu ambiri kusunga ndi kudyetsa Germany anali sinditi.

Kuwonjezera Finland ankanena lonse Leningrad dera, ndi Hitler analonjeza kupereka mwamsanga kusakaza m'deralo. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti ntchito ya mzinda ndi anthu ambiri si ndakuwonetserani, ngati m'matangadza lalikulu chakudya alibe. Kuchokera pamenepa, mfundo yakuti "azungu kutukuka", amene Germany ndi Finns ankatengedwa ndipo anapereka kwathunthu kuwononga mzinda Soviet ndi anthu ake kufa.

Chirichonse chimene icho chinali, koma chigonjetso chachikulu yayenda, ndi tchuthi monga Tsiku la zochotsa wa anatseka misewu ya Leningrad (1944, January 27), pali, ndipo anthu kukumbukira nsembe anavutika ndi dziko chifukwa cha nkhondo ya German ankhondowo lopondereza ndipo anzawo.