Ngwazi za Nkhondo ya 1812 (mndandanda)

Nkhondo - ndi zoopsa kwambiri, ngakhale mawu ndi kugwirizanitsa kowopsya.

Nkhondo ya 1812

Nkhondo ya 1812 zinachitika pakati Russia ndi France kwa kuyan'anila za onsewo anasaina mtendere pangano la Tilsit. Ndipo ngakhale zinatha yaitali kwambiri, pafupifupi nkhondo anali wamagazi kwambiri ndi wopweteka kwa mbali zonse. Mayikidwe koyamba kwa mphamvu kunali motere: asilikali zikwi mazana asanu ku France ndi mazana awiri mphambu makumi zikwi - kuchokera Russia. Zotsatira zake za nkhondo zinaonekeratu kuyambira pachiyambi. Koma amene adakhulupirira kuti Russian Ufumu anataya kwambiri kolakwika. December 25, 1812, Mfumu Alexander I anasaina pamtima nzika zomwe lipoti pa mapeto wopambana wa nkhondo.

Ngwazi za yore

Ngwazi za Nkhondo ya 1812, kuyang'ana pansi pa ife kuchokera masamba a mabuku mbiri. Winawake - kwathunthu zithunzi zazikulu, ndi zomwe zili pambuyo pawo? Pakuti kugwedeza kumusangalatsa ndi yunifolomu zapamwamba? Omasuka kupita kunkhondo kukamenyana ndi adani a Lathu - ndi chintchito weniweni. Nkhondo yolimbana ndi asilikali Napoleon mu 1812 kumenyana ndi anafa ambiri woyenera ndi zodabwitsa wamng'ono otchuka. maina awo adzalemekezedwa mpaka lero. Zithunzi za ngwazi za Nkhondo ya 1812 - ichi ndi nkhope za amene sanalekerere chilichonse chifukwa cha ubwino. Tengani udindo lamulo ndi ulamuliro, komanso mwayi, kapena M'malo mwake, kugonjetsedwa nkhondo ndipo pamapeto kupambana nkhondoyo - ndiko Kupambana wamkulu. Nkhani umu ophunzira wotchuka mu 1812 nkhondo zaka, ntchito yawo ndi kuchita.

Momwemonso amene iwo - ngwazi za Nkhondo ya 1812? Photo zithunzi za umunthu wotchuka, anapereka m'munsimu, kudzakuthandizani kumela mu kudziwa mbiri ya mbadwa.

M. I. Kutuzov (1745-1813)

Pamene ngwazi otchulidwa Nkhondo ya 1812, ndiye woyamba m'maganizo, ndithudi, abwera Kutuzov. Wotchuka mwana wa Suvorov, ndi luso asilikali mtsogoleri, pulani ndi tactician. Anabadwa Golenischev-Kutuzov (dzina lenileni), mwana wa otchuka a mafuko, umene mizu adakali padziko akalonga Novgorod. Atate Michael ankagwira ntchito yokonza asilikali, iye ndiye mukopedwe makamaka kusankha tsogolo la ntchito mwana. Ngakhale kuyambira ndili wamng'ono Kutuzov anali amphamvu thanzi, malingaliro Nditchimo ndi kulipira ulemu. Koma chinthu chachikulu - akadali talente yake wosatsutsika m'zochitika asilikali, amene chikondwerero mphunzitsi. Iye anaphunzitsidwa, ndithudi, ndi kukondera asilikali. Maphunziro zida zankhondo ndi Engineering School ulemu. Kwa nthawi yaitali ngakhale anaphunzitsa pa Alma Mater wake.

Koma anathandiza kuti chigonjetso cha kuwerengera Ake wopambana ndipo adzakhala 'Wammwambamwamba Prince Kutuzov pa nthawi ya nkhondo anali kale ali patsogolo. Iye anasankhidwa mkulu wa choyamba cha ku Switzerland Petersburg kenako Moscow asilikali. Kuti iye anali zoti kutumiza ku Moscow, potero kuchita gambit mu Chess. Ambiri a asilikali amene anali nawo nkhondo, anali pafupifupi akudzutsa Kutuzov ndipo mawu ake anali molimba Fili. Nkhondo adagonja kwakukulukulu kuyamika kuchenjera kwake ndi luso machenjerero a asilikali. Pakuti izi kuchita anapatsidwa, m'malo mwa mfumu ku Mulingo wa Field polimbana ndi kukhala kalonga wa Smolensk. Iye anakhala ndi nkhondo mtsogoleri pambuyo chigonjetso sizinakhalitse, chaka chimodzi chokha. Koma kuti Russia si anamvera nkhondo imeneyi - kwathunthu mtengo wa M. I. Kutuzova. Enumerating mndandanda wa "Anthu a nkhondo ngwazi za 1812" malo oyenerera kwambiri kuyamba ndi munthuyo.

DP Neverovsky (1771 - 1813)

Fuko lomveka, koma osati chifukwa cha mtundu winawake, anayamba kutumikira wapadera Neverovsky Semenov Regiment. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa 1812 anali mtsogoleri wa Pavlovsky Regiment wa grenadiers. Iye anatumidwa kuteteza Smolensk, pamene iye anakomana ndi mdani. Murat yekha, amene lotsogoleredwa ndi French pafupi Smolensk analemba Maulendo Ake kuti anali asanaonepo anadzipereka. mizere anathera D. P. Neverovskomu. Kudikira reinforcements, wotchedwa Dmitry Petrovich anasintha kuti Smolensk, amene ankalemekeza iye. Kenako nawo Nkhondo ya Borodino, koma anavulazidwa.

Mu 1812 iye analandira udindo wa mkulu ambiri. Ngakhale pambuyo bala alibe asiya kumenya nkhondo Gulu lake pankhondo anavutika ndi zomvetsa kwambiri. Only si okhwimitsa ku lamulo, koma mwa kudzipereka ndi kudzipereka mu malo ovuta kwambiri. Ndi ngwazi, Neverovsky anafa mabala ake Halle. Kenako reburied mu munda wa Borodino, monga ambiri otchuka kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo ya 1812.

MB Barclay de A Tolly (1761 - 1818)

Dzina limeneli panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri wachita kale kugwirizana ndi mantha, kuperekedwa ndi kunyamuka. Ndipo molakwika kwambiri.

ngwazi ili la nkhondo kukonda dziko lako la 1812 kunali kwa banja akale Scotland, koma makolo ake ali wamng'ono mnyamatayo azikaphunzira mu Russia, kumene ankakhala ndi kutumikira amalume ake. Zinali iye amene m'njira zambiri anathandiza munthu wamng'ono kupeza maphunziro asilikali. Mikhail Bogdanovich nokha ankalimbikitsa kuti udindo kapitawo ndi kale pa khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Ndi chiyambi cha nkhondo ndi Napoleon, anaikidwa mkulu wa asilikali woyamba Western.

Ndimasewera umunthu anali mkulu. Kwathunthu wodzichepetsa, iye akanakhoza kugona panja ndi kudyera limodzi ndi asilikali wamba pamtima anali lophweka. Koma iye anakhala mu wolimba mtima ndipo mwina chiyambi cha ozizira onse. Komanso, asilikali ndinali wosamala kwambiri, ndi zina anafotokoza ayendetsa ambiri a mthunzi. Koma kunali koyenera: mindlessly tikungotaya moyo waumunthu, ndipo sanafune, pamene iye amaona, ufulu wa amenewa anali ayi.

Iye akupatsa udindo wa nduna za nkhondo, ndi onse "tokhala" pa zolephera asilikali unagwera pa iye. Bagration mu Maulendo Ake kulemba kuti pankhondo ya Borodino, Mikhail Bogdanovich ngati kuyesera kufa.

Pakali pano, palibe zochepa, lingaliro la mthunzi ku Moscow adzabwera kwa iye, izo kuthandiza Kutuzov chomwecho. Ndipo, ngati panalibe, Barclay de A Tolly anali kulondola. Ineyo pandekha nkhondo zambiri, nasonyeza mwa chitsanzo asilikali momwe nkhondo dziko lawo. Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de A Tolly anali mwana weniweni wa Russia. Gallery ngwazi za nkhondo 1812 popanda chifukwa wodzilemekeza ndi dzina limenelo.

I. F. Paskevich (1782-1856)

Mwana wa eni malo olemera kwambiri, okhala Poltava. Onse ena ntchito zina, koma iye anaona ngati mwana kokha ngati mkulu wa asilikali, momwe izo zinachitika. Iye anali bwino mu nkhondo ndi Perisiya ndi Turkey, iye anali wokonzeka kuti nkhondo ndi France. Kutuzov yekha kamodzi anapereka kwa mfumu monga achinyamata ambiri kwambiri luso.

Iye anakhala nawo asilikali a Bagration, paliponse, paliponse kumenyana, anachita izo bwino, yosalekerera ngakhale yekha kapena mdani. Iye adadziwa pa Smolensk ndi Borodino nkhondo. Iye kenako kupereka dongosolo la St. Vladimir wa pamlingo wachiwiri. Ndi dzina la St. Vladimir makamaka amaitcha kuti ngwazi za nkhondo ya 1812.

P. I. Bagration (1765-1812)

ngwazi ili la nkhondo kukonda dziko lako la 1812 anachokera ku banja la mfumu wakale Chijojiya, mu unyamata wake anakagwira ntchito musketeer Regiment. Ndipo ngakhale nawo nkhondo za Chirasha Turkey nkhondo. Anaphunzira luso la nkhondo ali pa Suvorov kwambiri, olimba mtima komanso amachita ntchito ankakondedwa kwambiri mkulu.

Pa nkhondo ndi French, kutsogozedwa ndi wachiwiri Western Army. Komanso anapita mthunzi pafupi Smolensk. Pa nthawi yomweyo ndinali wotsutsana kwambiri abwerere wopanda nkhondo. Iye anakhala nawo Borodino. Pa nthawi yomweyo, nkhondo imeneyi inali Petulo Ivanovich amapha. Iye anali kwambiri anavulazidwa, ndi pamaso kuti anamenya alimba mtima ndi iwiri pulasitala ndi asilikali a mdani malo awo. chilonda zinali zofunika kwambiri, anaitanidwa kuti azikatumikira ku malo a mzanga, kumene anakafa ndi liwiro. zaka twente-seveni mtembo wake chabwezedwa kwa munda Borodino, kukaika ndi ulemu m'dziko, amene sanadandaule chilichonse.

A. P. Ermolov (1777-1861)

Mkuluyu anali pa nthawi kudziwika kwa kwenikweni aliyense chifukwa cha kupambana kwake kwa lotsatira Russia lonse, ndipo anali onyadira. wolimba kwambiri, wamphamvu kanthu, aluso. Iye wachita osati mmodzi koma katatu nkhondo asilikali Napoleon a. Kutuzov yekha kwambiri anayamikira munthu uyu.

Iye anali kulinganiza wa chitetezo cha Smolensk, kwa mfumu panokha zonse mfundo za nkhondo, m'malo mumangonyong'onyeka ndi mthunzi, koma iye ankadziwa kusowa kwake zonse. Iye anafuna ngakhale kuti akayanjanitse awiriwa akazembe lotsutsa Barclay de A Tolly ndi Bagration. Koma pachabe: iwo kukangana imfa.

bwino kwambiri nkhondo anadziwika pa Nkhondo ya Maloyaroslavtseva. Iye sanatisiye Napoleon sangachitire mwina koma abwerere pa kale unawononge- Smolensk msewu.

Ngakhale ubwenzi ndi lamulo la chikhalidwe mokhudza za nkhondo mapeto chalakwika, koma kufunika zochita zake ndi kulimbika nkhondo, palibe amene amadzinenera kunyoza. General Yermolov anatenga malo ake oyenera mu mndandanda umene imalemba a asilikali - ngwazi za Nkhondo ya 1812.

D. S. Dohturov (1756-1816)

Wina ngwazi za nkhondo ya 1812. Tsogolo onse anabadwa mu banja limene kwambiri analemekeza mwambo asilikali. Onse achibale ake mu mzere wamwamuna anali asilikali, kotero si koyenera kuti asankhe moyo. Ndipo kwenikweni, pa munda ndi mwayi yekha anali limodzi. Woyambirira Grand Mfumukazi Catherine anamupatsa lupanga chifukwa zimene anachita pa Chirasha Swedish nkhondo ndi lolembedwa kumusangalatsa. "Pakuti kulimbamtima"

Iye anamenyana pa Austerlitz, kumene kachiwiri, anasonyeza kulimba mtima: anaunyemanyema ndi asilikali ake kudutsa chilengedwe. mtima Personal sanali kumupulumutsa ku choipa pa 1805 nkhondo, koma bala sanaleke munthu kuti ndi sizinamulepheretse kuti ndikhale wa asilikali Russian pa nkhondo ya 1812.

Near Smolensk, ali kwambiri akudwala chimfine, koma sikungachotse ku ntchito. Kuti msilikali aliyense wake wotchedwa Dmitry ankachitira mosamala kwambiri ndi nkhawa, iye anatha kukhazikitsa bata mu m'gulu la atumiki ake. Ndicho chimene iye Smolensk ndipo anasonyeza.

kugonja Moscow anapatsidwa kwa iye kovuta kwambiri, chifukwa ambiri anali patriot. Ndipo ngakhale ochepa dziko lapansi kuti mdani, iye sanafune. Koma iye anataya kulimba, pamene kupitiriza kuyesetsa chifukwa cha kwawo. Iye anali ngwazi weniweni ndi pafupi Maloyaroslavets, kumenyera nkhondo limodzi asilikali a General Yermolov. Nthawi ina nkhondo Kutuzov anakumana Dokhturov mawu: "Ndiloleni adzakugwirani inu, ndi ngwazi!"

N. N. Raevsky (1771 - 1813)

Fuko lomveka, kumtundu munthu asilikali, ndi mtsogoleri wodziwa nkhondo, General asilikali. Ntchito anayamba ukule ndi munthu mofulumira kuti pakati pa moyo wake, iye anali wokonzeka kuti ndikagone, koma sadathe. Kuopseza ku French kwambiri moti luso akazembe kukhala kunyumba.

Iwo amakakamiza Nikolai Nikolaevich anali ulemu kugwira asilikali a adani, pamene mbali zina zili osalumikidwa. Anamenya nawo Saltanovka, mbali zake unatha, koma ankasewera kwa nthawi. Iye anamenyana pa Smolensk, Borodino. Nkhondo chatha anali pa pambali yake nkhonyayo waukulu anagwa, iye ndi asilikali ake molimba mtima anali.

Kenako mukapambana kwambiri mchitidwe wa Tarutino ndi Maloyaroslavets. Pakuti iye analandira Order wa St. George mlingo lachitatu. Mwatsoka, anadwala kwambiri mu liwiro, kotero kuti ngakhale potsiriza kusiya zokhudza nkhondo.

PA Tuchkov (1769 - 1858)

About iye kwambiri amadziwika. Ndinachokera ndi mzera wa asilikali ndi kutumikira kwa nthawi yaitali molamulidwa ndi bambo ake. Kuyambira 1800 anatumikira mu udindo wa onse akuluakulu.

Mwaukali atamenya m'mudzi waung'ono Valutina Mountain, ndiye ndi pamene lamulo la planed pafupi ndi mtsinje. Omasuka kupita kukamenyana ndi French asilikali a polimbana Ney, koma Iye anavulazidwa ndi anatengedwa ukapolo. Inali kuperekedwa kwa Napoleon monga ambiri Russian, ndipo mfumu, amene kusirira mtima wa munthu, analamula kuti abwerere lupanga. Mapeto a nkhondo, wopambana kwa Russia, anakumana, mwatsoka, mkaidi, koma anamasulidwa mu 1814 ndipo anapitiriza ntchito zabwino za Lathu.

A. A. Skalon (1767 - 1812)

The ngwazi za nkhondo ya 1812, iye anali wochokera ku banja zaka French, koma makolo ake kalekale anasamukira ku Russia, ndi Lathu zina iye samadziwa. Kwa nthawi yaitali anakagwira ntchito Chiwalitsiro, ndiyeno Semenov Regiment.

Skalon ndi France anayamba nkhondo okha 1812, pamene asilikali anali osowa, ndipo lero mfumu, podziwa mizu yake yosochera kuchotsedwa Anton Antonovich alowererepo pa nkhondo ndi France. Iye anakhala nawo Nkhondo ya Smolensk, ndipo lero Major-General anali womaliza. Iye anaphedwa, Skalon thupi anagwa mdani, koma ulemu asilikali anaikidwa pa behest wa Napoleon.

ngwazi weniweni

Ndithudi, izi si otchuka onse a nkhondo a 1812. List zabwino ndi anthu abwino akhoza anapitiriza kalekale. Ndipo za anamanganso iwo akhoza kukuuzani zambiri. Chinthu chachikulu ndi kuti bondo lirilonse la mphamvu zake kapena matenda, ndipo anthu ambiri chifukwa cha ntchito yaikulu - kupambana nkhondoyo. Ndi chodabwitsa - kumvetsa kuti chinachake ngwazi chenicheni si pa masamba a buku ndi Zochita mwakhama okha cha Lathu zambiri. Ndipo n'zosadabwitsa kuti kudutsa dziko ndi zipilala kuti ngwazi za Nkhondo ya 1812. Anthu amenewa ayenera kulemekeza ndi kumbukirani, iwo ndi moyo kupyola mu mibadwo. Ulemu ndi ulemerero!