UHF mlongoti. Tinyanga kwa TV. UHF m'nyumba mlongoti. UHF mlongoti ndi manja anu

Msika wamakono amapereka osiyanasiyana yaikulu tinyanga kulandira TV lapansi. Pali mitundu iwiri waukulu wa mankhwala amenewa, amalola phwando VHF ndi UHF wailesi Kuwulutsa gulu. Iwo akhoza kugawidwa malinga ndi malo a ntchito panja ndi m'nyumba. Mfundo sali osiyana kwambiri. Mu malo oyamba yomwenso ndi kukula ndi kuteteza magawo chofunika mchikakamizo cha nyengo. M'nkhani ino tikambirana mitundu alipo zinthu deta, taganizirani zimene angachite, mmene kuchita mayeso. Ndipo anthu okonda tinkering kufotokoza mmene UHF mlongoti wopangidwa ndi manja awo.

Kodi pali kusiyana kulikonse?

Tiyeni tiyese kufotokoza mawu ochepa, mmene kudziwa zimene mtundu wa mankhwala ndi pamaso panu. UHF mlongoti akufanana ndi makwerero. Kumene iwo ikufanana pansi. Meter mlongoti TV ali anawoloka zotayidwa chubu. Maonekedwe a mitundu onse zikusonyezedwa chithunzi pansipa. Palinso amaphatikizidwa mlongoti pamene limagwirizana ndi "makwerero", ndi chubu mtanda.

Vuto wosankha

Zingatanthauze kuti zonse ndi yosavuta. Komabe, wogula akafunsa kuti, mmene kusankha chipangizo bwino lomwe magawo kulabadira. Mungamveketse kuyesa TV mlongoti mwachindunji mu zinthu pansi yomwe akagwireko ntchito. Ndime ya mbendera wailesi zambiri munthu kwa m'dera makamaka. Choncho, mankhwala mu labu zikusonyeza zotsatira, ndi "m'munda" - zosiyana. Pali njira zina amalola kuti ayese onse mita ndi decimeter TV mlongoti. Komabe, kusankha mankhwala amenewa mu sitolo, sitingathe kuchita mayeso zonse. Ngakhale wogulitsa sakugwirizana kutipatsa mayeso angapo osiyana mbale. Pankhaniyi m'pofunika kukhulupirira ntchito mankhwala awa. Kuyembekeza kuti asankhidwa mlongoti adzachita ntchito zake mogwirizana ndi deta pasipoti, osati zinthu zenizenizo.

Magawo chachikulu

UHF mlongoti amakhala makamaka mwa chitsanzo cheza. Magawo chachikulu cha khalidwe ili ndi mlingo wa mbali (wocheperapo) Lobe ndi waukulu Lobe m'lifupi. Kutanthauzira beamwidth mu ndege yopingasa ndi ofukula pa mtengo waukulu wa 0,707. Choncho, chizindikiro ichi (waukulu Lobe m'lifupi) a chithunzi akhoza agawanika pa omnidirectional ndi mbali. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Ngati Lobe waukulu akhoza kupanga yopapatiza, zikutanthauza mlongoti (UHF) imatsogoleredwa. The chizindikiro pafupi kwambiri ndi phokoso chitetezo chokwanira. Mkhalidwe umenewu makamaka amadalira mlingo wa kumbuyo ndi mbali lobes. Amaonekera ndi chiŵerengero cha mphamvu allocated kuti mlongoti anapereka katundu chikufanana pa nthawi ya kulandira chizindikiro malangizo waukulu mphamvu (katundu) atalandira ku mbali malangizo ndi kumbuyo. Makamaka mtundu chithunzi zimadalira chiwerengero cha atsogoleri ndi kapangidwe mlongoti.

Kodi mawu akuti "volnovoykanal"?

TV tinyanga wa mtundu uwu amapatsa ogwira akulimbana amalandira wailesi. Iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito m'madera zikuoneka ofooka TV. The mlongoti (UHF) lembani "Yagi" ali ndi phindu lalikulu ndipo ali directivity wabwino. Komanso, mankhwala amenewa ndi kukula ochepa, zomwe (pamodzi ndi phindu mkulu) limati wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu a m'midzi tchuthi ndi m'madera ena populata, mpaka ku likulu. mlongoti uyu ali ndi dzina chachiwiri - Uda-Yagi (m'malo mwa oyambitsa Japanese amene okhala ndi chipangizo ichi).

Mfundo ntchito

Mlongoti UHF mtundu "Yagi" akuimira ya zinthu: ndi kungokhala chete (imaonetsa) ndi yogwira (vibrator) komanso atsogoleri angapo amene wokwera pa muvi wamba. mfundo zake ntchito ili. The vibrator ali kutalika inayake, ili mu munda mu atomu resonates mu mbendera wailesi ndipo analandira chizindikiro pafupipafupi. Iwo anachititsa electromotive mphamvu (EMF). Aliyense mchitidwe chabe umakhudza minda atomu, amenenso kumabweretsa EMF maonekedwe. Chifukwa, iwo ankakhulupirira kuti zimatulutsa sekondale mu atomu kumunda. minda awa akusonyeza vibrator owonjezera EMF nayenso. Choncho, kutalika kwa zinthu chabe komanso patali kwa vibrator yogwira amasankhidwa ngati kuti emf anachititsa chifukwa minda yawo yachiwiri anali mu gawo ndi EMF yaikulu imene anachititsa mwa izo chachikulu mu atomu kumunda. Pankhaniyi, onse EMF mwachidule kuti lili bwino kapangidwe Mwachangu poyerekeza vibrator limodzi. Choncho, ngakhale wabwinobwino chipinda UHF mlongoti samalani khola chizindikiro phwando.

The imaonetsa (kungochita chinthu) waikidwa kumbuyo vibrator 0,15-0,2 λ _0. M'litali ayenera olumpha kutalika amafotokozera yogwira peresenti 5-15. Zimenezi mlongoti directivity chitsanzo analandira mbali mu ndege ofukula ndi yopingasa. The chifukwa yafupika kwambiri, ndipo timalingalira minda phwando amene anabwera ku mbali ya kuseri kwa mlongoti lapansi. Pankhani ya kukhala kutenga TV chizindikiro pa mtunda lalikulu ndi pansi ndi mavuto, pamaso pa wambirimbiri kuwasokoneza, Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito atatu kapena kuposa elemental mlongoti, chomwe vibrator yogwira, chimodzi kapena zingapo otsogolera ndi wonyezimiritsira.

The chizindikiro mwachindunji ndipo ananyezimiritsa

Mu nkhani wolandila yoweyula ( "Tele-Sputnik» № 11, 1998), izo ananena kuti ngati pamene gwero mbendera ndi sanali muyezo (ie sanali zasayansi) jenereta ndi mlongoti yochokera ndi chizindikiro ukufalitsidwa TV nsanja, chidwi udindo ankaimba ndi nyengo, komanso unsembe malo wolandila lapansi. Izi makamaka zokhudza ntchito mankhwala UHF gulu. Izi anafotokoza chifukwa chakuti oti timaganiza mu decimetre osiyanasiyana zochepa, motero, kupinda mavuto kwambiri poipa, ndipo aliyense chinyezimiro chizindikiro mbali yofunika fano analandira. Makamaka, ngakhale khoma la nyumba kungakhale mafunde imaonetsa. Choncho, pakalibe mzere bwino pamaso, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito chuma ichi - kuti mbendera akusonyeza. Komabe, khalidwe lake adzakhala poyerekeza ndi mwachindunji. Ngati mlingo Kuwulutsa mbendera ndi mkulu, koma palibe akuwafunitsitsa pamaso, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito yoweyula akusonyeza. Ndipotu, chipinda UHF mlongoti ntchito pa mfundo imeneyi. Ndipotu, chipinda kovuta kugwira yoweyula mwachindunji ngati mawindo zili zosiyana. Choncho, ngati inu muyesera, inu nthawi zonse kupeza poti analandira chizindikiro ndi apamwamba. Koma mu nkhani ya mzere wa pamaso, aliyense anasonyeza kusokonezedwa sadzawononga chithunzi analandira.

njira walola kuyerekeza magawo a tinyanga

Pofuna kuchita chiyesedwe cha amalandira, iwo kukhazikitsa zikhalidwe zomwezo:

1. Sankhani unsembe malo, zomwe adzathamanga mlongoti wanu. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito khonde, denga kapena mlongoti. Chinthu chachikulu ndi onse kutalika ndi malo zinali chimodzimodzi mankhwala onse.

2. Utsogoleri wa gwero la Kuwulutsa mbendera ayenera anakhalabe m'kati madigiri atatu. Kuti tichite zimenezi, mukhoza kupanga chizindikiro chapadera pa ubwenzi chubu.

3. miyezo ayenera kuchitidwa pansi chofanana nyengo.

4. chingwe kulumikiza mlongoti ndi TV tiyenera kukhala impedance chomwecho ndi kutalika. Ndi bwino ntchito waya wosakwatiwa, kusintha yekha amalandira.

Tikuyesa ayenera kucitika kwa mankhwala a mtundu womwewo. Mwachitsanzo, m'nyumba mlongoti UHF-gulu sayenera kulinganizidwa ndi amalandira kunja kapena mita. Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti mayesero munda angapereke zotsatira zosiyana chuma zasayansi.

UHF mlongoti kwa digito TV

Posachedwapa, m'zofalitsira mosalekeza analankhula za kufunika kwa kusintha TV yadigito. Ambiri kale, ndipo wina aliyense akuganiza. Pamene chizindikiro lichitidwa ukufalitsidwa mu modes onse. Komabe, khalidwe la TV analogi ndi osauka. Pa nkhani imeneyi, anthu ali ndi chidwi, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa UHF mlongoti T2. Tiyeni kuthana ndi vutoli. Ndipotu, TV digito womwaza pa UHF-gulu njira. Kotero kuti muyezo UHF mlongoti akhale oyenera phwando lake. M'masitolo inu mukhoza zambiri kuona kuti alandire chipangizo, lomwe limasonyeza kuti anafuna TV yadigito. Komabe, ili ndi malonda chiwembu chimene chimathandiza kugulitsa muyezo UHF mlongoti ndi okwera mtengo kusiyana ndi ofunika. Kugula mankhwala amenewa, simudzalandira chitsimikizo kuti adzapereka bwino phwando kuposa zimene kale kwanu ndi ntchito kuposa chaka. Monga tidanena kale, khalidwe kumadalira mlingo wa kulengeza chizindikiro ndiponso zikhalidwe za aone mwachindunji. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti ambiri a m'mizinda ntchito kufala kwa digito TV ndi kwambiri magudumu wamphamvu kuposa analogi. Izi zachitika kuti imathandizira kusintha muyezo latsopano. Ndipotu, anthu akufuna kuona bwinobwino, osati "matalala" pa zenera. Kotero ngati inu muike wolandila pawindo limene limati "decimetric mlongoti kwa DVB T2» kudziwa mfundo iyi: sizitanthauza kuti mukufuna mankhwala makamaka. Osati moona ndithu wogulitsa akufuna ndalama zambiri wogula osadziwa. Kudziwa kuti pulogalamu ya kusintha kwa muyezo latsopano amapereka kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo uphungu. Mu iwo, ndipo mukhoza kupeza mfundo zambiri pa nkhani zokhudza digito TV. zokambiranazo yonse ndi yaulere. Mu mizinda ina, zida izi mu mode mayeso, kotero chizindikiro akhoza kukhala osakhazikika kapena ofooka. Osadandaula, ndodo malo ndi nthawi mwamsanga mmene angathetsere vuto ndi khalidwe la phwando chizindikiro.

UHF mlongoti ndi manja anu

UHF-yoweyula kutalika kupsa mu imeneyi kwa 10 cm 1 mita. Kuchokera imeneyi dzina lawo ndi chinachitika. oscillations mu atomu pa pafupipafupi izi advantageously kuwonjezera pa mzere wolunjika. Iwo amachita chiyani kupinda padziko zopinga, iwo ali bwinobwino anasonyeza troposphere. Pa nkhani imeneyi, wautali kulankhulana mu UHF gulu m'malo moti azigona. utali wozungulira ake si oposa zana makilomita. Taganizirani za banja zitsanzo za momwe kuti UHF mlongoti kunyumba.

Choyamba chimake improvised TV wailesi wolandila kudzakhala, titero, ndi anasonkhana pa bondo zipangizo zidutswa. njira UHF imakonzedwa pa imeneyi kuchokera MHz 300 3 GHz. ntchito yathu - kuti mlongoti, chomwe chiti ntchito pa mafurikwense izi. Kuti tichite zimenezi, tiyenera zitini mowa awiri mphamvu 0,5 lita. Ngati inu ntchito chidebe lalikulu kuchepa pafupipafupi analandira. Pakuti unsembe muyenera ena chimango, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito bolodi m'lifupi 10 cm. Mukhozanso ntchito wamba matabwa odula nyumba ya ndege, zimene zinachitikira pa mlongoti chifukwa akhoza anapachikidwa pa msomali mu malo aliwonse yabwino mu chipinda. Kuwonjezera chimango ndi zitini, muyenera kukonzekera awiri kudziletsa pogogoda zomangira, zipangizo, chingwe coaxial, cholumikizira, osatha, chimateteza tepi. Chakumapeto kwa cholumikizira ndi chingwe ndi kuika pa TV fluster iye. The chachiwiri mapeto fakitale chipika osachiritsika. Kenako, angagwirizanitse zomangira kwa khosi zitini malo. Mawaya liyenera kugwirizana snugly kuti zitsulo. Tsopano ife chitani khamu la mlongoti yokha. Chifukwa chaichi, ndi wopingasa yopingasa lokhazikika zitini khosi kukumana. Mtunda pakati pa iwo akhale 75 mm. Logwirana ndi zitini zingagwiritsidwe ntchito zomatira tepi. mlongoti onse ndi wokonzeka! Tsopano kupeza malo kukhala phwando mosamala TV mbendera ndi kukangamira mu malo awa wathu "nyumba ya ndege".

Phwando zida chifukwa TV digito

Gawo Ili likuyenera anafuna kuti anthu amene safuna kugwiritsa ntchito ochiritsira (analogi) mankhwala, ndipo ndikufuna mtundu watsopano ntchito yapadera UHF mlongoti. Ndi manja ake chipangizo kulandira amadziwikanso ati pulayimale. Pakuti ichi tiyenera apakati matabwa (akhoza kukhala ndi plexiglass) chimango ndi opendekera wa 200 mm ndi wabwinobwino chingwe RK-75. Anapereka kwa tcheru chanu ndi zosinthika ya mlongoti yokhotakhota. Izo mwangwiro lasonyeza kuntchito mu uthunthu wa phwando TV yadigito. Ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'madera palibe akuwafunitsitsa pamaso gwero. Ngati muli ndi kuulutsa ofooka, n'zotheka kugwirizana ndi mkuzamawu. Choncho, ntchito yawo. Ife kuyeretsa mapeto a chingwe ndi 20 mm. Komanso Chipilala waya wa mawonekedwe lalikulu ndi opendekera wa 175 mm. Mapeto anaŵerama kunja pa makona a madigiri 45 thereto abakha chachiwiri poyera mapeto. Kambani kugwirizana zowonetsera. Katungulume pakati chapakati momasuka zizikhala mlengalenga. Pa ngodya zosiyana a lalikulu mosamala kuchotsa kutchinjiriza ndi nsalu yotchinga m'dera la mamilimita 200. Ichi chidzakhala pamwamba pa mlongoti wathu. Tsopano kugwirizana chifukwa lalikulu chimango matabwa. Mu mmunsi, kumene malekezero awiri likugwirizana, m'pofunika ntchito zakudya zamtundu mkuwa zopangidwa waya wandiweyani. Izi kuonetsetsa bwino kukhudzana magetsi. Ndizo zonse UHF mlongoti kwa TV digito wokonzeka. Ngati waikidwa kunja, mungachite nyumba yake pulasitiki amateteza chipangizo ku mvula.