Ulmus pumila: malongosoledwe a chomera

Ulmus pumila mu hardware ndi kubzala munda kwambiri zofala poyerekeza ndi zinyama zina mtengo kwa mtundu womwewo. Ndi ruggedness mtheradi, iye anakhala mtundu wapatali afforestation kumatenda ndi udzu, pamodzi ndi mapulo American, limene drowns kunja ankafika wapatali kwambiri.

About chithunzicho

Anthu nthawi zambiri mukhoza kupeza mawu "Elm", amene sadazindikira yekha Ulmus pumila. dzina ndi gulu zambiri mu chikhalidwe ndi mu Turkic amatanthauza kwenikweni "makungwa" ndi "wakuda." Pansi pake, nthaŵi zambiri zimakhudza mitundu yambiri ya elms, kuphatikizapo ang'ono-Ndalankhula.

M'dera la kukula

Malo achilengedwe kukula squat Elm - makamaka China, ndipo makamaka, kumpoto, kumadzulo, ndi kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa dziko. Komanso, mtengo angapezeke mu Western Siberia, Mongolia, India, Korea, Tibet. Kuphunzitsidwa North ndi South America, monga nthumwi kuchepetsa mu nkhalango ndi malo munda chikhalidwe. Wood undemanding kwa zinthu kukula, koma wakonda dothi lachonde. Kumachitika mu deciduous ndi nkhalango losanganikirana.

Ulmus pumila: kufotokoza

Tree wamtali mosiyana mu chibadwa, nufikira m'mikhalidwe yabwino, mamita 25 ndi thunthu m'mimba mwake pafupifupi 1 m. Mu nyengo louma osiyanasiyana achilengedwe a chimaposa kukula mu mawonekedwe a zitsamba. Ngakhale dzina wotchuka wa Elm, makungwa palibe wakuda, ndipo ali ndi imvi Brown kapena imvi mthunzi wolemera, yosalala, mapangidwe ming'alu. Young mphukira wa mumtundu achikulire. Iwo ali ndi kuwala mtundu imvi ndi chikasu, akhakula kapena yosalala pamwamba, ndi lenticels anamwazikana.

Ulmus pumila ali khalidwe ovalno- Lancet kapena elliptical- zooneka masamba, kutalika ndi ku masentimita 2 ndi 8 ndi m'lifupi masentimita 1.2-3.5. Symmetrical mbale m'munsi ndi pamwamba kukuzungulira, m'mbali serrated. Leaf mtundu kusintha mu nyengo, m'chaka ndi kuwala wobiriwira, m'chilimwe - kwambiri, umakhala mtengo m'dzinja maolivi chikasu kulocha (m'munsimu muli chithunzi munachitapo elms mu September-October). Zipatso - pafupifupi kuzungulira lionfish, wophuka awiri mpaka masentimita 1-1.5 ili nati pakati.

zinthu kukula

Ulmus pumila, ndi chithunzi chimene inu mukhoza kuwona m'nkhani, si yodziwika ndi mkulu moyo amayembekezeka - zaka 40-60 chabe. Komabe, nthawi imeneyi amayesetsa kukula chidwi. kukula kugunda mtengo ndi mkulu ndipo si wolephera msangu woyera kapena phulusa-Ndalankhula mapulo. Mu chikhalidwe cha Elm wodzichepetsa ndipo chonde zofunika kochepa kuti zili chinyezi mu izo. Chimafunika ngakhale amenewa, kugonjetsedwa kwambiri kuti chilala, yozizira-Hardy (chingathe kupirira mpaka -36 ° C) Chinthu chokha kuganizira - nkhuni photophilous, amanyamula penumbra, koma kukula poipa.

Chikhalidwe cha Ulmus pumila anayambitsa kuyambira 1860. Ntchito m'mapaki malo ndi minda. Kwambiri makamaka m'madera louma la dziko. Ndipamene amphamvu mizu ya mtundu pamwamba. Iwo amalola mpweya kusukulutsa mzinda mpweya, kudula ndi chepetsa. Mbali yotsirizira ntchito kulenga mipanda. mbewu zimafalitsidwa yekha, zilibe kupanga suckers muzu choncho chitsamba, amene ali mwayi. Iwo ali kukongoletsa kulira mawonekedwe ndi nthambi loyenda. Mtengo wokongola kwambiri mu nthawi ya fruiting.

Ulmus pumila: momwe ntchito m'munda?

Elm ndi mtengo wokongola kwambiri ndi zimayambira nthawi yaitali ndi yaikulu imodzi masamba, zikuwoneka chidwi mu kugwa, pamene kwathunthu zonse za zipatso. Mu yokongola horticulture mbewu wachita kale ntchito. Unkachitika chifukwa chodzala pa malo, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mtengo photophilous ndi kokha dzuwa kwathunthu kuulula kukongola kwake.

Amatupitsa Yankho bwino kumathandiza kuti zinthu zikhale ndi mukusongokera. Komabe, izi sayenera kuthamangira. Mu zaka zoyambilira za kukula Tiyenera kuchotsa nthambi youma ndi kuonongeka. kudulira zoyambirira kungakhale pafupifupi 4 zaka kukula, nthawi yomweyo musaiwale ntchito m'munda var. Mtengo wonse kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.

Ulmus pumila, amene kutalika ndi 25 m, wabwino kwambiri mu gulu, monoposadkah ndi kusakaniza, monga m'mapaki zimakhala ngati njoka zam'mimba za matepi. Anabzala singly nthawi atazunguliridwa ndi yosalala udzu wobiriwira ndi othandiza kwambiri, makamaka ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito wosakanizidwa ndi kulira mawonekedwe a korona. Pokhapokha kanthu zina ndi mtengo, zikhoza zidzawululidwa mu ulemerero wonse. korona wake pa nkhani zimenezi zingakhale mawonekedwe yolondola, ndi thunthu - molunjika ndi amphamvu. Soliternye ankafika ntchito ngati ka pa chiwembu, ngati pali nthawi zonse kukopa diso. Komabe, munthu ayenera kukumbukira Kugwirizana kwa zomera ndi malo akutali. Large timapepala - mtengo waukulu, ndi mosemphanitsa, mwinamwake sikulinso kosangalatsa onse.

Kugwiritsa Elm kwa Berceau

Imodzi mwa ntchito za osaka Elm wa - kulenga wokongola Bercy. Cloisters kulengedwa kuchokera wokwera pa matabwa thandizo m'njira munda kapena misewu. Pa mbali zonse za mitengo anabzala amene nthambi mokoma maondo pansi ndi wotetezedwa kwa chimango lapansi. Pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera, iwo apanga limodzi mosalekeza wobiriwira mumphangayo, monga chithunzi. Popeza mlingo mkulu mphamvu Elm kukongoletsa chingapezeke msanga.

Mwapanga ndipo mukudziwa malingaliro Berceau zambiri poyerekeza ndi pergola. Komabe, yotsirizira akhoza bwinobwino anafotokoza mmene mlongo wamng'ono wa choyamba. Berceau ngakhale ofanana kwambiri, koma zikuluzikulu ndi unyinji wochuluka, yaitali wandiweyani wobiriwira chivundikirocho. Pergola kwambiri yekha kukongoletsa mosavuta maganizo, n'koyenera kwa m'madera ang'onoang'ono ndi m'mabwalo. Berceau - mwayi wapadera minda ikuluikulu ndi m'mapaki, chiyambi ndi mapeto a mumphangayo zambiri zidzasintha akonzedwa gazebo.

Reforestation

Izo kale munanena kuti Ulmus pumila chimagwiritsidwa ntchito reforestation m'madera amene pansi moto kapena opweteka. The njira yaikulu chimaonedwabe ndi mbande kubzala dzanja ntchito Kolesov lupanga. Chidwi chipangizo zoona, yopapatiza zokumbira zitsulo. Iwo kupangidwa ndi mkulu wa pa koleji ulimi Kharkiv Kolesovym A. A. mu 1883 chifukwa chodzala paini mitengo sandstones.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoterozo Elm chifukwa zifukwa zingapo. Choyamba, mtengo yodziwika ndi mtengo mkulu kukula, ndipo zaka woyamba kupereka mbande wamng'ono increment mpaka mita imodzi m'mikhalidwe yabwino. Kachiwiri, maganizo mwamsanga zokwanira mitundu m'nkhalango, kuchulukitsa mwa okha-yofesa. Chachitatu, mtengo undemanding muntaka kukaniza chilala, moleza mu chisanu chaukali ndi amenewa. Choncho, kukhuthala akhoza kukula pafupifupi kulikonse.