Utatu-Sergio achipululu; chithunzi, zomangamanga. Kodi Utatu-Sergio chipululu?

An chipilala chabwino cha mbiri Russian - Utatu-Sergio mchipululu (Russian asanaganize zomangamanga) - boma kuteteza lero. Komabe, agulupa anali kupita panthawi zovuta, chifukwa cha zomwe ena nyumba anali irretrievably anataya. Today nzika iliyonse Russia amadziwa chimene chimaoneka Utatu-Sergio chipululu. Ndi chuma chenicheni cha chikhalidwe Russian, ndipo ayenera kudziwa za lililonse Russian.

kukhazikitsidwa kwa obisika ndi

Mu 1734, a Russian Mfumukazi Anna Ivanovna anaganiza kusamutsa m'dziko 10 miles ku Petersburg, amene kale munali ndi mwanyanja Villa wa Duchess wa Mecklenburg-Schwerin, mlongo wamkulu wa Mfumukazi, confessor wake. Archimandrite cha Utatu-Sergio ansembe yotchedwa Varlaam kufuna kukhala payekha, chifukwa chabe m'mene angatetezedwe amenewa ndi dziko lapansi latsopano ankafunira. Umu ndi mmene Utatu-Sergio m'chipululu, m'malo mwa obisika, amene poyamba ankatumikira monga Barlaam. Mawu "chipululu" amatanthauza "malo payekha, seclusion," kenako "obisika". Barlaam ndinalandira chilolezo kusamukira ku nyumba yatsopano yaing'ono matabwa mpingo wa Mfundo za Mariya Namwali Wodalitsidwa ku chuma cha Mfumukazi Praskovya Feodorovna. Iwo unali mpingo woyamba wa agulupa, amene anali opatulidwira polemekeza St. Sergio wa Radonezh May 2, cha 1735. Zipululu, mwa udindo wa abbot ndi, mofulumira kupeza kutchuka, kulemera kwake mu moyo wachipembedzo wa St. Petersburg chikuwonjezereka, koma akadali zaka 30 akale obisika ndi yaing'ono kwaokha malo pafupi ndi Gulf wa Finland.

ndi heyday

Pansi Elizabeth, Utatu-Sergio chipululu zimatengera pa udindo watsopano. Mfumukazi anaganiza kukhazikitsa pa maziko a cloister "abwino" obisika ndi kutenga chiwerengero cha zochita kutero. Mwana wamkazi wa Peter Wamkulu ankakonda kumanga, mu ulamuliro wake Petersburg wabweza kwambiri nyumba woyenera: Zima Palace, Cathedral wa Smolny ansembe yotchedwa, Grand Peterhof Palace, Tsarskoye Selo lalikulu yachifumu.

Anafunitsitsa kusintha Utatu-Sergio chipululu, kumene iye anamva kumverera lapadera: ku zipinda ya agulupa iye akhadikhira zotsatira za m'chiwembucho fateful ndi umachitika utumiki choyamba polemekeza kutha osangalala ya mwambowu, Elizaveta Petrovna akuyamba ndi yomanga. malamulo Mfumukazi wazomangamanga PA Trezzini ntchito Woyera Utatu Cathedral. Wazomangamanga amanga pa kusodza koyamba kwa Smolny Akatolika Rastrelli ndi kutitengera fano latsopano la kachisi m'tsogolo.

Mu 1756, pa tchalitchi kuyamba kumanga, ndiye kumanga mu 1758 mpingo wa St. Sergio wa Radonezh, maselo anamanga mwala kwa Chimonko, nsanja kusamala ndi mpanda. Mu 1764, Utatu-Sergio m'chipululu Strelna afika ufulu, sikulinso wamng'ono kwa Utatu-Sergio Lavra, agulupa waima pa mutu wa Archimandrite wake. Koma Elizabeth sanaone izi kusintha ankakonda chipululu, umene umabwera osati nthawi yopambana kwambiri. Archimandrite malo zambiri wotanganidwa ndi anthu atsopano amene alibe nthawi kuchita chinachake kwambiri pa chitukuko cha chipululu.

Only mu 1834 anayamba nthawi ya chuma cha Utatu-Sergio chipululu. Pa mutu wa agulupa waima chidwi kwambiri munthu - Ignatius Bryanchaninov, waluntha maphunziro a sukulu zomangamanga, ndakatulo amphamvu, fuko lomveka, amene anasiya chidwi komanso moyo anapereka dzanja lawo m'dzina la ulemelero wa agulupa lapansi. Nicholas Ine adampatsa iye pangano - kupanga za Utatu-Sergio chipululu chitsanzo mchitidwe onse. zaka makumi awiri abbot anayesetsa kumafano izi, ndi zambiri akanatha.

Mmodzi mwa alendo kawirikawiri obisika a anakhala mfumu yekha, amene ankakonda kuwafunsa malangizo ndi dalitso la Archimandrite. Ignatius malamulo wokongola okhwima mu obisika, ndi kupanga kunsonga kwa mtundu wa Optina. m'malo mwake Ignatius Malyshev zaka 40 ndipo akupitiriza kugwira ntchito pa chitukuko ndi kulimbitsa obisika a. Nthawi imeneyi, Utatu-Sergio chipululu chithunzi kuti lero kusonyeza mbali chabe ya ukulu wake, amanga nyumba zatsopano: mipingo, nyumba, nyumba munda, laibulale, amene ali oposa 6000 mabuku. Agulupa limakhala laling'ono mzinda weniweni, chinatseguka masukulu angapo, unamwino kunyumba, chipatala cha hotelo osauka. Iye panaoneka gawo 50 chakhumi, kumene Chimonko nakulitsa mbewu, masamba. Utatu-Sergio chipululu amakhala yapamwamba Tingati malo, kuno kupemphera kudziwa manda ake anapuma zambiri anthu otchuka ndi anthu otchuka.

The abbot wotsiriza wa agulupa Sergio anali bambo wauzimu wa Grand Duke wotchedwa Dmitry ndipo Konstantin Romanov. Pamaso zitasintha, obisika anachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa moyo wauzimu wa boma, anali chidwi chikhalidwe ndi chuma pakati.

zaka zomvetsa

Zinthu zinasintha pambuyo zisinthe. Mu 1919, agulupa ya Utatu-Sergio chipululu chinatsekedwa ngakhale utumiki lapitirizabe kwa nthawi yaitali. Mbali yaikulu ya agulupa ku ukapolo, ena anakhalabe mu kulankhula m'dera ntchito. obisika katundu wake anali anagonjetsa mu 1921 ndi Bolsheviks anawomberedwa kuwulula rector wa St. Sergio. Mu 1931, kumeneko anatsegula maphunziro kusukulu ya usilikali. Pa nthawi ya nkhondo nyumba ya agulupa anavutika kwambiri pa shelling. Koma chiyambi koopsa kwa zaka 60. Mu 1962, Woyera Utatu Cathedral, ndipo anasiya kukhala chipilala anali anagwetsa. Mpingo wa Kupemphera kwa Virgin Woyera litaphulitsidwa mu 1964, pa msinkhu wa kampeni Khrushchev a antireligious. Mu 1968 anawawononga mpingo wa kuuka kwa akufa.

obisika lero

Mu 1993, Utatu-Sergio chipululu chithunzi umene panthawi imeneyo anali chionekedwe chomvetsa chisoni, anaperekedwa kwa Mpingo Orthodox. Pang'onopang'ono anayamba ntchito yobwezeretsa mu Chimonko obisika anakakhala kachiwiri. Mu mpingo Sergiya Radonezhskogo mwambo zonse, kubwezeretsa anawononga manda likufa kubwezeretsedwa mu nyumba ya kupulumuka. Chimonko ndimalota nthawi kubwezeretsa otaika, koma mpaka sizinafike manja, ntchito obisika ndi ambiri. Komabe, Utatu-Sergio chipululu, mamangidwe a umene pang'ono anasunga ngakhale lero amakhudza luso ndi talente imodzi ya mapulani, mmaso maofesi awo mlendo.

Mapulani zovuta

Kalembedwe mapulani a chipululu akhoza limanenedwa ngati chikhalidwe Russian zomangamanga wokonzedwa. The nyumba ya agulupa ya Chili malamulo okhazikika zomangamanga ndi malingaliro nzeru. Pamene munakonza obisika ankagwiritsa ntchito mapulani chakale chiwembu, pamene pakati pa zikuchokera ndi kachisi chachikulu ndi malo pafupi izo, ndi kale anaika padziko ena kukonza. The nyumba yaikulu ya gawo kumachitika mu theka lachiwiri la zana la 19. Apa mutha kuona zinthu za eclecticism, amene anali zogwirizana ndi mamangidwe Russian ndi Loona za nthawi. Komanso nyumba ya agulupa ya amakhala ndi pamaso pa zolinga Russian.

Utatu-Sergio chipululu asanaganize zomangamanga omwe anali chitsanzo cha ntchito za zolinga national pa zomangamanga kachisi, inamangidwa ngati obisika Russian, izo zimayenera kulankhula maonekedwe a tchalitchi ndi nyumba zonse. The mawonekedwe chomaliza cha cloister unapangidwa ndi kotala lotsiriza la zaka za m'ma 19, zovuta zambiri kuposa 10 nyumba miyambo ndi nyumba zingapo zolinga zosiyanasiyana. Zinayenda ambiri mapulani wotchuka. P. Trezzini analenga ntchito ya Utatu Cathedral ndipo akukonzekera mderalo chitukuko, Luidzhi Ruska anamanga nyumba yosamalira anthu okalamba, AM Weasels anamangidwira Kupemphera ndi Mpulumutsi Chapel, ankagwira ntchito Mpingo wa Kupemphera, ndi Grigoriya Bogoslova, ndi Rastrelli anamanga maselo kumene kumakhala Amonke. Chofunika kwambiri anali obisika kumanda, komwe m'manda ambiri otchuka ana a Russia, tsopano pang'onopang'ono akuchira chikuoneka mbiri.

Kachisi wa Saint Sergio

Utatu-Sergio chipululu poyamba inamangidwa mozungulirapo mpingo wa St. Sergio wa Radonezh. Kachisi woyamba mtengo, izo ankamutengera ku St. Petersburg. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 18 pamalo ake anaimika mwala woyamba tchalitchi, umene 1854 kamodzinso kwambiri adzamangidwenso. Wazomangamanga Gornostaev anamanga mpingo mu kalembedwe Byzantine, ndi mitu isanu ndi matchalitchi awiri: Khristu Mpulumutsi pamanda a Martyr Zenaida Apraksins ndipo manda wa Yusupov. Large ziwiri storey kachisi akhoza kumakhalamo anthu 2 chikwi, ndi chokongoletsedwa ndi galasi mawindo othimbirira kalembedwe Romanesque. iconostasis ali chokongoletsedwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi semiprecious, pansi zithunzi anapangidwa monga mwa zina zachidule wa katswiri wa zomangamanga. The tchalitchi anapulumuka nthawi zonse zovuta ndi lidakali lero.

Zomangamanga Utatu ansembe yotchedwa

Utatu ansembe yotchedwa anakhala mtima wa agulupa lapansi. Idamangidwa mu 1756, ntchito anali kuyang'anira ndi wamanga P. Trezzini. The Cathedral zisanu ozungulira a mwala inamangidwa zaka 4. Kachisi mufika mkati wolemera: stucco, frescoes ndi zojambula, kwambiri kuwala - zonsezi analenga mphamvu ya festivity. A kachisi wamng'ono, ndi mphamvu anthu 600, anagunda view zokongola. Iwo Trezzini zili bwino a zomangamanga Baroque. zambili stucco, asanu mwachisawawa anakonza domes kachisi ndi mizati anapanga miyambo ndi wapamwamba. Iye wakhala miyeso yolinganizira kumangira mipingo kudutsa Russia ndi mochuluka monga zaka 20.

Kachisi kulankhulana. wofera Valerian

Utatu-Sergio chipululu anali pothawirapo lotsiriza la anthu ambiri, mmodzi wa iwo anali Graf Valerian Zubov, ndi mkulu kwambiri, kudzagonjetsa Derbent. Mu malo ya manda ake storey kachisi ndi Kukhonde kalembedwe Ufumu inamangidwa. nyumbayi ali yachilendo mawonekedwe rotunda, imene ili ndi iconostasis semicircular. nyumbayi ndi zovuta limodzi nyumba chilema. Mpaka lero, yomanga zisungidwe, koma mawonekedwe kwambiri olakwika chifukwa rearrangements mu 40s kwa zaka za m'ma 20, pamene munali njuchi ntchito.

Mpingo wa Kupemphera kwa Virgin Woyera

M'chipululu inamangidwa zikomo kwa makasitomala odziwika bwino, monga kachisi wa Virgin Woyera unali nyumbayi, analamula Prince Kochubey polemekeza mkazi wake anamwalira. polojekiti analenga tchalitchi R. Kuzmin, zaka 1859-1863 anamangidwanso ndipo anamaliza Harald Bosse. A kachisi wamng'ono koma kwambiri udaikidwa kalembedwe Kubadwa Kwatsopano, anapanga maonekedwe a mbiriyakale ya agulupa ya. nyumbayo anakumana ndi imvi mwala ku Scotland ndipo amatikumbutsa kwambiri wa Florence Cathedral. mpingo anawonongedwa mu 1964.

kachisi Grigorievsky

Mpingo wa St. Grigoriya Bogoslova inamangidwa zaka 1855-1857 ndi khoti wamanga Alexander II AM Shtakenshnejdera. Iwo amalimbikitsidwa mu kalembedwe Chirasha Byzantine ndi chipinda chaching'ono ndi Anachotsa iconostasis, olembedwa pa maziko golide, ndi woyera nsangalabwi manda a mbadwa za mu Zithunzi G. Kushelev. Utatu-Sergio m'chipululu tsopano ntchito kubwezeretsa ulemerero mkati mwa kachisi, amene zinasungidwa mu mawonekedwe wotembenuka, koma sachita.

Mpingo wa Kuukitsidwa kwa

Petersburg ansembe yotchedwa Utatu-Sergio chipululu wakhala chimake cha mzimu Russian. Kwambiri "Russian" nyumba angatchedwe ntchafu mpingo wa Kuuka kwa Khristu. Linamangidwa mu 1877-1880 pansi ntchito ya A. Parland, wotchuka wolemba wa Cathedral wa Mpulumutsi pa anakhetsa mwazi pa St. Petersburg. Pamakoma a njerwa akuda, galasi mazenera papezeka, chosemacho ndi zithunzi za oyera Russian - zonse izi zimawapangitsa Kuuka Cathedral ngati chidole wokongola. Mkati mwa siliva, porphyry, mkuwa chidwi nzeru. Mu 1968 tchalitchi litaphulitsidwa.