Ivan Ilyin - nzeru zapamwamba, loya publicist

Maganizo amene analalikira Ivan Ilyin, wafilosofi mwa chisomo cha Mulungu, tsopano akukumana ndi Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Anthu ambiri akhala dziko loyamba kuti ndibwereze ndi kuika maluwa pa manda ake. Uku kuli ngakhale zachilendo chifukwa Russian nzeru zapamwamba Ivan Ilyin nthawi zambiri m'gulu la mfundo za Socialism National ndi Wachiwiri-Fascism. Kodi zilidi?

slavjanofilstvo

Ivan Ilyin - Russian nzeru zapamwamba, mbadwa, ukapolo mu 1922 pa "nthanthi" bwatolo mwa Russia monga mwamtheradi samvetsera ndale anakhazikitsa kwawo. Slavjanofilstvo ku si kuchotsedwa kapena emigration, kapena zopweteka kusungulumwa - Russian anakonda ndi mtima wake onse. Kukwera nthawi zonse amaona matenda m'dzikoli, lomwe posapita nthawi kuchitidwe, ndiyeno nkubwera chitsitsimutso. Ivan Ilyin, Russian katswiri wa Russian ndinaganiza zonse, moyo wake akhadikhira maola lake kuchira ndipo ankafuna awo kumuyandikira.

mawu nthanthi ndi kulenga: si kunja luso ndi moyo mkati mwa moyo. Ndipo nzeru ndi zonse zofunika kwambiri kuposa moyo, chifukwa itha moyo. Komabe, moyo ndi nkhani ya nzeru ndipo gwero lake, choncho n'kofunika kwambiri. Chabwino, mafunso bwino - sadachita luso zosakwana mayankho olondola. Nawa kufufuza ndi staging awa nkhani yaikulu Ivan Ilyin, wafilosofi ndi Slavophile, ntchito moyo wake wonse.

dziko

Kuwerenga mabuku, makamaka ndakatulo, Ivan Aleksandrovich ankaona wofanana clairvoyance mu umunthu wake, zojambulajambula, ndiponso, kuweruza ndi osiyanasiyana kuwerenga kwambiri akhoza kukuuzani ndithu mlendo. Wafilosofi poyerekeza owerenga ndi maluwa anasonkhana pa kuwerenga, ndipo ankakhulupirira kuti munthu ayenera kukhala ndendende zimene anali kuwerenga mabuku.

Sungani mwini "Russian khalidwe" mwachitsanzo, dziko m'lingaliro loona mawu, kuli kovuta, malinga Ilyin, ngati chikondi ndakatulo ndi olemba ndakatulo Russian amene maporofita dziko, ndi oimba dziko. Russian, m'chikondi ndi ndakatulo, simungathe denationalized, ngakhale zinthu za kungafune izo.

Anti-chikominisi

Ivan Ilyin - nzeru zapamwamba za makhalidwe abwino achikristu. Iye ankaona sakonda sosholisimu ndi chikominisi analankhula ndi aliuma mkwiyo: terroristich zokomera onse, ulamuliro wankhanza ndi nsanje, ndi chikominisi umabwera kuchokera mwa iwo mopanda manyazi ndi moonekera, mwaukali. Komabe, iye sakanakhoza kukhala osadziwa kuti anzeru Russian wakhala ankangokhalira (ndipo komabe amamuchititsa) kuti sosholisimu champhamvu kwambiri, chinali pafupi naye pafupi ndi mfundo za Paris kuyanjana (ufulu, kuyanjana, ubale sosholisimu, osati uchigawenga), ndi dongosolo limodzi zambiri zokomera anzeru sanaganizepo.

Ilyin mayankho a mafunso monga theorist tingachipeze powerenga, amene anaphunzira chipembedzo ndi chikhalidwe: luntha kufooketsedwa ndi maphunziro zomveka "Western", izo pafupifupi kwathunthu anataya chibadidwe kwa anthu Russian chikhulupiriro Mkhristu, koma manja awiri kusunga makhalidwe abwino achikristu. Ndi zimenezo malamulo zotchulidwa ndi kuti chikhalidwe, koma osati kuti iwo akhoza zisungidwe maziko a moyo weniweniwo pansi sosholisimu.

Fascism

Ilina maganizo pa nkhani Fascism moona sakudziwabe amzathu osati kokha, komanso anthu wamba wanzeru. Iye anali ku Russia ukapolo, tikukhala mu Germany, pa chiyambi cha National Socialist, kuphunzira pa anayambitsa, ngakhale Russian, lili mu mgwirizano ambiri Aubert - odana ndi zomwe bungwe, chimene anatsutsa asapita aliyense zamtendere ndi Soviet Union, bogey mantha wofiira , ndipo anathandizapo ntchito ya onse odana ndi zomwe mphamvu. Komanso pa chitadutsa mudziwe kuti nzeru zapamwamba Ilin Ivan Aleksandrovich kuika kwambiri khama mu chilengedwe cha bungwe ili wotchuka, monga mmodzi wa ndiAmene ake. Zinatha, ndi njira, mpaka 1950 - kuti ndi olimbikira anatembenuka.

Mu Auber League anali onse alipo pa nthawi mabungwe lopondereza, ngakhale Nazi Party ndi chipani cha Mussolini. Ilyin anakhulupirira Fascism kayendedwe mwachilungamo wathanzi, zothandiza, ndi zofunika, chifukwa ndi chifukwa cha zimachitika kuti Bolshevism monga lamanja la mphamvu pagulu-watchdog. Kuti Russian nzeru zapamwamba Ilyin za phindu la Fascism sangapereke pakhale maganizo alionse wokhalapo, amene anali chirichonse monga nthawi Soviet. Wiritsani wolemekezeka ukali, ndi Zoe Kosmodemyanskaya - pamaso wake.

Neomonarhizm

Ilyin, ndi katswiri wa Russian analemba zambiri, makamaka kulirira chakuti anthu Russian tayiwala mmene mfumu. Mu maganizo ake, Russia mukhoza kukhala moyo kokha ndi autocracy, mu nkhani ina, chisokonezeko kunabwera. Ndi Republican boma kwawo ankaona osati kusinthidwa. Kukwera kwa Russia, malinga Ilyin, ndi pangozi, nzeru zapamwamba amaona mwa yekha chamanyazi. Iye ali zonse za cholinga nkhondo mpaka mapeto, mfundo, mwa njira iliyonse, monga mgwirizano ndi mabungwe lopondereza. Kuti azolowere kusintha kwa dongosolo ndi kufunafuna ankanyoza anthu amene anabwerera ku Russia.

Kale mu mmasate pophunzitsa koleji Ilyin ananeneratu ndi digiri yapamwamba ya chisangalalo nkhondo pakati pa Germany ndi la Soviet Union. Malo kufotokoza bwino ndi kwanthawizonse. Poyambirira, kuyerekeza Russia ndi mayi wake wodwala, adafunsa wa owerenga: ngati nkotheka tchuthi ku bedi lake ndi chikhulupiriro chakuti iye anali wolakwa matenda ake? Ndipo iye anayankha kuti: Inde, n'zotheka kusiya. Koma mankhwala ndi dokotala. Ilyin anasankha wake. Madokotala azungu "mayi odwala" anapambana mwamsanga, pamene, anthu anakhala pafupi ndi bedi lake. Ndipo ngakhale Hitler anali dokotala-wakupha, koma analinso wogonjetsedwa.

utsamunda

Russian I. A. Ilin, Russian nzeru zapamwamba, ankaona wonse, ndipo chifukwa cha ichi chinali mwamtheradi zolondola. dziko lino simungathe kugawaniza molondola popanda kumva ululu uliwonse kwa dziko lonse. M'nkhani "Kodi dziko dismemberment la Russia," iye molimba mtima ananena kuti iye osati kutenga ya m'magawo akuluakulu ndi mafuko chosakaniza. Russia - ndi zamoyo. Amene anadandaula za ufulu wa mitundu ndi ufulu ndale, Ilyin anayankha kuti nkhani mwangozi boma la magawano ndi mafuko anthu sindinayambe kwina kulikonse sichinafikebe. nkhani Tingaone umboni wosatsutsika wa mfundo imeneyi mu dziko la mitundu yambiri ang'ono amene sangathe kukhalanso ndi ufulu wa dziko.

Malinga ndi katswiri wa nzeru za dziko la Russia si ubatizo umafuna yokakamiza ndi Russification chilengedwe koma mwangwiro lilipo kwa zaka zambiri monga ufumu wamphamvu. Pankhaniyi, Ilyin adzaitana denationalization wa internationalism chikominisi ndi chikominisi egalitarianism, osati kuika nokha zifukwa zikamera pakati pa zisinthe, "anali ndi moyo wokongola." Ndipotu ina chidwi n'chakuti chiwembu mayiko wa dismemberment la Russia maloto likukhalira kukhala nthawi yayitali.

Socialism National

Ndipo apa iwo silinachite pamodzi. Kaya Ilyin, wafilosofi si kusintha, movutikira ku adagawana zobisika Fascism (ngakhale n'zokayikitsa kuweruza ndi ntchito yakeyi, maganizo sizinasinthe), kapena German Socialism National, amene anali mu pulogalamu yake yaikulu, kwambiri mfundo poyerekezera sanali Germany ndisanawaone Ilyina mwakhama kwambiri kutsatira maganizo lopondereza, koma mu 1938, a Russian nzeru zapamwamba ndi wandale kwambiri chidwi mu Gestapo.

Komanso nkhani pa Institute Russian a Russian ngati olemba pa maziko a chilungamo ndi chikhalidwe, kachiwiri, Russian, za tsogolo la chitsitsimutso cha Russia - osati Soviet boma, a chipembedzo ambiri ndi a Russian Church makamaka Ilyin anali kukonza Wrangel EMRO (Russian Onse-usilikali Union ) kuyambira chiyambi cha makumi Mu zaka zapitazo ndipo anali mpaka mapeto a kudzoza kwake maganizo. bwino Ilin ankadziwanso atsogoleri a NTS wa - (! komanso kampani imodzi zambiri) National Alliance wa Solidarists Russian - ndipo anagwira ntchito ndithu ndi iwo, ngakhale aliyense wa zipani mpaka mapeto a moyo, iye sanabwere. Komabe, zinthu zake zonse anali kwathunthu ukuperekedwa Soviet Union.

sanali olimbanawo

Philosophy ndi ndale sindikufuna zambiri ngati kukhala pafupi mokwanila anthu ndi wapafupi zinthu wina ndi mnzake, koma pa Ilina iwo anali ndi malo chapakati ntchito, ndi kuchita zinthu zosangalatsa. Nkhani pa nkhani zandale, wayenda ku Ulaya: iye anali mu Austria, Yugoslavia, Czech Republic, Belgium, Switzerland, Latvia, Germany - zisudzo oposa mazana awiri zaka khumi mpaka 1938.

Lofalitsidwa mu emigre atolankhani, "Chitsitsimutso", "Russian yolakwika", "New Nyengo", "New Way", "Russia ndi Asilavo", "Russian" - Mabaibulo onse ndipo dzina izo. "Russian belu," anafalitsa yekha. Ndipo nthawi zonse ndi la International Chachitatu. Komabe, aktivnichaya predfashistskoy ndale ndi kale mwakhama Europe Hitler, Illin ofunika nonpartisan wake. Mwina n'chifukwa chake Gestapo anaitenga insufficiently okhulupirika kwa Socialism National. mabuku ake amangidwa, kuletsa chiphunzitso, komanso ziganizo aliyense pagulu.

Mu mobisa ndi

Germany anali kuchoka, koma kusiya banja Ilyin inaletsedwa ndi akuluakulu a Nazi. n'zodalirika kwathunthu oletsedwa chifukwa lamulo la mtundu uliwonse wa ntchito, omwe anali Ilyin. Yogona la Switzerland anasankhidwa ndi dziko wolemera, ndipo sanalowe nkhondo. Zikalata zimapezeka mothandizidwa ndi mabwenzi ndi anthu achinansi, ndipo mu 1938 nzeru zapamwamba anakakhala m'madera akumidzi mumzinda wa Zurich mu Zollikon. Sindikizani ntchito yake odana ndi zomwe a Ivan Ilyin sanaime, iwo anangopita unsigned, anonymous.

mabuku mazana awiri ndi khumi ndi asanu anafika tokha ROVS White Alonda. Kenako, zinthu zimenezi zinali bukhu, "Ntchito yathu," koma si lofalitsidwa Ilyin. Nzeru zapamwamba, amene mabuku mwadzidzidzi anabwerera ku Russia ndi zolimba zokwanira anaphunzira mabuku ambiri musayembekezere. ntchito zake zazikulu, kuphatikizapo otchuka - "Kuimba Mtima", zinatuluka mu zaka 1956-1958 pambuyo pa imfa yake. Pa mapeto a moyo wake, mu 1953, inasindikizidwa chidutswa kuti analemba zaka zoposa makumi atatu - ". Axioms zinachitikira achipembedzo"

akadzabweranso kukumbukira

Posachedwapa mu Russia zidatunsidwa ndi reburied Ilina thupi, Shmelev ndi Denikin. tombstones onse inakhazikitsidwa pa ndalama munthu Pulezidenti V. V. Putina. Maliro oration wa Denikin anali anafuulira kwa nthawi yoyamba, koma nzeru zapamwamba Ilyin anthu waukulu mu dziko tamutchula posachedwapa zambiri. Ngakhale Assembly Federal Pulezidenti munali amagwira m'malo yaitali. Links kuti Ilyin adawomba pa milomo ya Loya Ustinov ndi wachiwiri Mutu wa Administration a boma la Russia Surkov. Ndipo, ndithudi, ngati ngwazi za ziphunzitso Ilyin ulemu wa ROC.