Viscount - udindo ... Origin

Medieval lolemera wolowezana chopereka ambiri a m'nthawi yathu zovuta ndi zosokoneza. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, ngakhale m'mibadwo yake achifumu otchuka kawirikawiri ankakumana kusiyana kufunika ndi yodalirika aliyense mutu. Choncho, Viscount - ndi lolemera mutu, amene amapezeka m'magazini mbiri ndi mafilimu. magwero ake ndi mbiri ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

magwero

Kumayambiriro Ages Middle, pamene mutu wa otchuka bwino alembedwa osati anali mutu wa otchuka akanakhoza kutenga ngakhale anthu chiyambi otsika, amene anatumikira mokhulupirika mbuye wake. Mwachitsanzo, "Chiwerengero" mutu zikumveka ku French ngati "Conti".

Vicomte - munthu kuyima pa udindo wake pansipa Zithunzi za, kumumvera. Mutu wa Viscount anali cholowa. Komabe, zikhoza kupeza ndi anthu ochokera m'mabanja zochepa bwino wobadwa Mwachitsanzo, ulamuliro wa Earl. Makamaka mkulu panali mwawi wa olamulira amene ankagwira ntchito olemekezeka ana.

Koma njira kulandira udindo sichinasinthe - Viscount, analandira knighthood, sakanakhoza konse tisakhalenso ndi Zithunzi. Anavala udindo wake monga mutu osiyana ndi akhoza kupatsira ndi cholowa, monga olemekezeka ena. Koma kukwera makwerero masanjidwe, anthu otchuka watsopano ayenera nyota wapadera pamaso pa nthumwi apamwamba amazikonda anthu otchuka.

A mbadwo watsopano akuti "Knights chofunda", motero inalangizanso wobisika, chinsinsi Ndondomeko kupeza mutu. Anabadwa wa fuko lomveka dzina lake ndi Knight lupanga.

Malamulo a heraldry

Kenako, mutu uliwonse wa otchuka European anayamba kumvera malamulo a heraldry. Imatsogolera osati analiza lipenga ndipo analengeza malamulo achifumu - iwo anali ulemu ndi ndondomeko gulu wolemekezeka mabanja chifukwa gentility awo ndi otchuka. Mwachitsanzo, mwana wamkulu wa n'kulemba unachitikira wolemekezeka wolowezana wa malo apamwamba kuposa Baron, koma anali kuli angathe Duke.

Tikumbukenso kuti ufumu ndi atangotha m'mayiko imene imachitika mwachilungamo okhwima achifumu mfundo ndi dziko lonse pansi mfumu imodzi. Ndipo apa mu Germany, amene wachita kale ogaŵikana maufumu ambiri zazing'onozing'ono monga njira okhwima titulovannosti kulibe. Aliyense m'banja lachifumu anabadwa mu maiko awa yaing'ono analandira udindo atate wake, kaya mkulu, ndi pacholowa.

lolemera wolowezana

Kuti asasokonezeke, izo tacitly anakhazikitsa mndandanda wa maudindo a otchuka, lalandiridwa ndi monarchies European. mlingo wokwererapo anali kutumikira mfumu. Kumbuyo kwake anali atsogoleri, marquees, udindo, viscounts ndi barons. Zotsatira za gulu ili anapitiriza mu maudindo a ana wamkulu wa mabanja mfulu, amene anapatsidwa cholowa pambuyo pa imfa ya makolo awo ndi kusakhulupirika (otchedwa primogeniture).

Aamuna oyamba kubadwa anatenga mutu, adayima sitepe pansipa bambo ake. Mwachitsanzo, ana a mafumu ankavala mutu wa Duke ndi Viscount - wolowa wa Zithunzi wa. Mwana wamkulu wa Baron analibe udindo - mu France, iye anali "Chevalier" mu England - Ambuye, Spain - "bwana," ndi zina zotero.

Lililonse Viscount - ndi fuko lomveka, anapatsidwa mwayi onse a makalasi chapamwamba. Ambiri mwa machitidwe awa malamulo sayeneranso misonkho ntchito. Komano, kuchita nawo maudani, ndi kuonetsera munthu wokhulupirika Viscount chitseko ndime wanzeru wa zachifumu ndi kuthandiza kukwera makwerero lolemera. Yaikulu mutu, amene angathe kuwerenga lopambana fuko lomveka - Duke.

Viscounts mabuku ndi moyo

Mwina wotchuka kwambiri "buku" Viscount - ni mwana wapathengo wa wotchuka Chiwerengero de A La Fera m'buku mwa Alexandre Dumas "The Vicomte de A Bragelonne." Sad nkhani yachikondi Mologa munthu kwa mbuye achifumu ndi imodzi mwa mizere chidwi kwambiri a buku lino m'zigawozigawo.

A pang'ono pokha kudziwika zazing'ono khalidwe la mabuku Russian - Viscount Montemar a buku AN Tolstoy a "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere".

viscounts zosiyanasiyana inadutsa pa midzi ya mabuku m'mbiri komanso mafilimu za lakutali mafelemu zapitazi. Koma tsopano owerenga sadzakhala kulakwitsa mu gulu la maudindo ndi kudziwa malo atolankhani "Viscount" mu mutu wa "makwerero a otchuka."