Wave Mphamvu: opareshoni

World Ocean madzi kubisa chuma ndi zosawerengeka, mkulu wa zomwe mwina ndi mphamvu zopanda malire a mafunde nyanja. Kwa nthawi yoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kayendedwe wopindidwa kumtunda migodi kuganiza m'ma 18 ku Paris, komwe setifiketi koyamba kwa yoweyula mphero polima. Tsopano luso ali ankadumphira patsogolo, ndipo woyamba malonda yoweyula magetsi linakhazikitsidwa ichitikire asayansi, omwe anakhala ntchito mu 2008.

N'chifukwa chiyani kuli kopindulitsa?

Ndi palibe chinsinsi kuti chuma achilengedwe pafupi kutopa. malasha, mafuta ndi mpweya - waukulu zopangira magetsi - kokatha. Malinga ndi Zoneneratu kwambiri chidaliro asayansi, nkhokwe lidzakhalapo kwa zaka 150-300 wa moyo. mphamvu nyukiliya komanso si zogwirizana ndi ziyembekezo. Mkulu mphamvu ndi ntchito alipire ndalama za zomangamanga opareshoni, koma mavuto a zinyalala ndi kuwononga chilengedwe, ndipo posakhalitsa amakakamizidwa sadzawasiya. Pazifukwa izi, asayansi akufunafuna latsopano magwero mphamvu zina. Tsopano ntchito mphepo ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa. Koma makhalidwe ake onse, ali ndi chidwi drawback - otsika dzuwa. Zosoŵa za anthu onse sadzapambana. Choncho, njira yatsopano zofunika.

Kupangira magetsi, mbewu yoweyula mphamvu amagwiritsa mphamvu kayendedwe ka mafunde. Malinga ndi ziwerengero kwambiri ndiwofatsa, angathe izi pafupifupi 2 miliyoni MW, amene angafanane ndi antchito 1000 pa mphamvu zonse za zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya, ndipo mita imodzi yoweyula kutsogolo ndi pafupifupi 75 kW / m. Pamene izi silinkachitidwa alibiretu mavuto pa chilengedwe.

Chiwembu ambiri a ntchito

mphamvu Wave amatchedwa nyumba kuti angathe kutembenuza ndi akuyandama mphamvu makina a yoweyula zoyenda mu magetsi ndi kupereka kwa ogula. Pankhaniyi, yesani kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu ziwiri:

1. Kayendedwe m'matangadza. migodi m'madzi kudutsa lalikulu awiri chubu ndi onsewo masamba, zomwe zimafalitsa mphamvu kwa jenereta ya magetsi. Agwiritsidwa mfundo pneumatic - madzi ozama mu chipinda chapadera, displaces mpweya therefrom, amene anagonjetsa mwa dongosolo njira ndi imazungulira masamba chopangira mphamvu.
2. Anagubuduza mphamvu. Pankhaniyi, yoweyula magetsi amachita monga zimatengedwa ndi. Kupita danga pamodzi ndi mbiri yoweyula, kuti mwa dongosolo zovuta za levers amachititsa chopangira mphamvu kuti atembenuza.

m'mayiko osiyanasiyana amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zawo akatembenuka mawotchi zoyenda mafunde mu magetsi, koma chiwembu ambiri anachita chimodzimodzi.

The kuipa mphamvu yoweyula

Vuto waukulu kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zomera yoweyula mphamvu ndi ndalama zawo. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe zovuta unsembe zovuta padziko ndalama kukhazikitsa madzi nyanja ya makhazikitsidwe ngati ntchito ndi apamwamba kuposa kumangira zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya kapena zomera matenthedwe mphamvu.

Komanso, pali chiwerengero cha zovuta zina, amene makamaka kugwirizana ndi zikamera wa mavuto ndi zachuma. Chinthu ndi malo lalikulu akuyandama tisakhale ndi kusokoneza navigation ndi nsomba - tiwolokere yoweyula mphamvu amangokhala aithamangitse anthu m'dera nsomba. N'zotheka zachilengedwe zotsatira. Kugwiritsa zomera kwambiri dampens migodi m'madzi, kuwapanga ang'onoang'ono ndi osazindikira pagombe. mafunde nthawiyi mbali yofunika kwambiri mu ndondomeko ya kuwombola mpweya wa nyanja, yeretsani pamwamba pake. Zonsezi zingachititse kuti olakwika bwino zachilengedwe.

lothandiza mphamvu yoweyula

Pamodzi ndi mphamvu olumala yoweyula angapo ubwino omwe amadza zabwino pa zochitika za anthu:

• unsembe, chifukwa chakuti mphamvu yoweyula limatha, akhoza kuteteza maofesi m'mphepete mwa nyanja (marinas, madoko) pa chiwonongeko cha mphamvu ya nyanja;
• m'badwo magetsi abwera pa mtengo kochepa;
• mkulu mphamvu chisangalalo zimapangitsa windfarm ndalama kuposa mphepo kapena mphamvu dzuwa.

Mphamvu m'matangadza ndi dziko ndi madzi, makamaka mtsinje. Ntchito yomanga okwerera pa timilato, kuwoloka, quays ndi maganizo view m'dera la m'badwo magetsi.

Mavuto amene ayenera kuthetsedwa

Vuto lalikulu moyang'anizana ndi asayansi tsopano - ndi kusintha kapangidwe, umene kuchepetsa ndalama magetsi, umene umatulutsa mphamvu yoweyula. Mfundo ntchito ayenera kukhalabe chomwecho, koma ntchito kulenga mayunitsi adzakhala ndi umisiri watsopano ndi zipangizo.

Wapakati yoweyula mphamvu ya 75-85 kW / mamita - ndi pa osiyanasiyana okwerera customizable kwambiri. Mnthawi mphamvu mkuntho migodi m'madzi kumawonjezera kangapo ndi kutitengera kuopsa kwa chiwonongeko cha zomera. Si tsamba limodzi idagonjetsedwa kapena wopindidwa pambuyo mkuntho. Kuti athetse vutoli, asayansi njira yokumba kuchepetsa mphamvu yeniyeni ya mafunde. Vuto lina ndi kuti ntchito yaikulu ya okwerera yoweyula adzatsogolera kusintha kwa nyengo. Generation mphamvu ya magetsi ikuchitika mwa kasinthasintha dziko lapansi (zomwe aumbike monga funde a). Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zomera kupanga dziko atembenuza pang'onopang'ono. Munthu alibe amaona kusiyana, koma adzawononga angapo mumaganiza kuti mbali yofunika kwambiri mu kutentha ndi kuzizira a Dziko Lapansi.

Yoyamba woyendetsa windfarm

Woyamba siteshoni yoweyula mphamvu inatuluka mu 1985 ku Norway. mphamvu anali 500 kW, ndipo iye anali zinachitika. Mfundo zake za ntchito zachokera psinjika ozungulira ndi kukula kwa sing'anga:

• ndi yamphamvu ndi pansi lotseguka kumizidwa m'madzi moti nsonga zake zinali m'munsi yoweyula ufa - mfundo zake lowermost;
• nthawi impinging madzi compresses mpweya M'mimbamo mkati;
• akafike kufinya ena akutsegula valavu amene amalola ndime ya mpweya wothinikizidwa kuti chopangira mphamvu ya.

zomera aziwapatsa kilowatts 500 mphamvu izo zinali zokwanira kuti awonetsepo mphamvu ya kachitidwe, amene anathandiza kuti chitukuko.

Yoyamba mafakitale magetsi

choyamba mbewu malonda-ang'ono dziko imatengedwa Oceanlinx mu mtsinje wa Port Kembla, Australia. Iye anapatsidwa mu 2005, koma anatuma kwa yokonzanso ndi kukonzanso amazipeza 2009, nchifukwa chake m'chigawo tsopano ntchito ndi osefukira ndi kumagwedeza mphamvu. mfundo zake ntchito chiri motere:

1. Bakuman nthawi anathamangira mu zipinda zapadera, kukakamiza wothinikizidwa mpweya.
2. Akafike kuthamanga kuweruza mpweya wothinikizidwa kudzera zopezera njira imazungulira jenereta ya magetsi.
3. Kugwila kayendedwe ndi kumagwedeza masamba mphamvu chopangira mphamvu kusintha ngodya awo ndingaliro.

mphamvu Fitting anali pafupi 450 kW, ngakhale chigawo angathe apereke siteshoni ku kWh 100 1.5 MWh mphamvu ya magetsi.

Yoyamba windfarm malonda

Woyamba funde mphamvu malonda amazipeza 2008 mu Aguçadoura, Portugal. Komanso, choyamba mbewu za dzikoli zimene amagwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji mafunde mphamvu mawotchi. polojekiti opangidwa ndi kampani British Pelamis Wave Mphamvu.

Kapangidwe zikuchokera limapangidwa zigawo zingapo imatulutsidwa ndi kuwuka ndi mbiri yoweyula. Gawo pivotally wotetezedwa kwa dongosolo hayidiroliki ndi pa akutakataka zotsatira mu kuchitapo. Limagwirira hayidiroliki amachititsa ozungulira atembenuza jenereta, chotero amapanga magetsi. Ntchito Portugal yoweyula ubwino mphamvu ndi kuipa ali. The ntchito yoika mphamvu yaikulu - za 2,25 MW, komanso kuthekera khazikitsa zigawo zina. sangathe imodzi ya unsembe - Kulephera liti pa magetsi mphamvu kutengerapo ndi waya kuti ogula.

Russia yoyamba siteshoni yoweyula mphamvu

Mu Russia, ndi WEC poyamba anaonekera mu 2014 mu Primorsky Gawo. Wachita gulu chitukuko asayansi ku Ural University Federal ndi Pacific Oceanology Institute, Feb Ras. Unit ali ndi khalidwe experimental. peculiarity ake ndi kuti akugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya mafunde osati mafunde / otsika mafunde.

Mu Moscow, izo anakonza kumanga zasayansi kafukufuku amene adzachitira ndi chitukuko ndi chilengedwe cha woyamba siteshoni zoweta zimatengedwa. Mwina pambuyo mphamvu yoweyula adzakhala amathanso ntchito mafakitale kapena malonda ku Russia.