Wolemba Pianist Nikolai Rubinstein: Biography, Chilengedwe ndi Zochititsa chidwi

Nikolay Rubinstein ndi woimba wotchuka wa ku Russia ndi woyang'anira. Wodziwika kuti ndi mmodzi mwa omwe amapanga Moscow Conservatory (iye anali mtsogoleri woyamba).

Brief biography

Nikolay Rubinstein anabadwa pa June 14, 1835 ku Moscow m'banja la munthu wopanga kanthu kakang'ono. Poyamba, banja la Nicholas ankakhala mumudzi wawung'ono wa Vykhvatyntsa (Pridneprovye), koma zaka zitatu asanabadwe mwanayo makolo ake anasankha kusamukira ku likulu la dziko la Russia.

Kuyambira mu 1844 mpaka 1846 Nicholas, pamodzi ndi mchimwene wake Anton ndi amayi ake ankakhala ku Berlin.

Ali ndi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri, Rubinstein ndi banja lake adabwerera ku Moscow kachiwiri, kumene woimbayo adakakhala moyo wake wonse.

Kodi Nikolai Grigorievich Rubinstein anali ndani? Ali ndi zaka 20, mnyamatayo anamaliza maphunziro a ku University of Moscow ndipo adalandira luso la loya.

Pamene moyo wonse wa mnyamatayo unali ndi nyimbo, adagwirizana ndi maphunziro a loya, ndipo mu 1858 (patatha zaka 3 atalandira ntchitoyi) adaganiza kudzipereka yekha ku msonkhano.

Mu 1859, Nicholas anayesetsa kutsegula nthambi yapadera ya Imperial Russian Musical Society ku Moscow.

Wowerenga kuchokera m'migulu yoyamba ya nkhaniyo anazindikira kuti Nikolai Grigorievich Rubinstein anakhazikitsidwa. Mu 1866, bamboyo adatenga udindo wa mkulu wa Moscow Conservatory. Anagwira ntchitoyi mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake.

Chipatso kwa woimba piyano chinali mu 1872, panthawiyi adayimba nyimbo yotchuka ku Vienna ndipo anakonza msonkhano ku World Music Exhibition ku Paris.

Imfa ya woimba wapamwamba uyu inalembedwa mu 1881 kumadera a likulu la dziko la France, koma anaika munthu ku Moscow, pamtanda waukulu wa Novodevichy Manda.

Ubale ndi m'bale

Rubinstein (Anton ndi Nikolai) akhala okondana, chifukwa onse awiri sankaganiza za moyo wawo popanda nyimbo.

Nicholas atakwanitsa zaka 9, iye ndi mchimwene wake Anton anatumizidwa ku Germany, ku Berlin, kumene anyamatawo ankaphunzira nyimbo. Panthawiyo, iwo ankayenda pafupifupi mizinda yonse ya ku Ulaya.

Nikolai nthawi zonse ankatengera chitsanzo kuchokera kwa mchimwene wake wamkulu, ngakhale Moscow Conservatory yomwe iye adalenga chinali kuyesa kubwereza kupambana kwa mchimwene wake. Ndipotu, Anton anatsegula malo ogwirira ntchito ku St. Petersburg zaka 14 m'mbuyomo.

Zotsatira za nyimbo

Nikolai Rubinstein, yemwe muli ndi mfundo zochititsa chidwi zomwe mungaphunzire kuchokera m'nkhaniyi, adayamba zaka 4 ndikulamulidwa ndi amayi ake, ndipo ali ndi zaka 7 mnyamata ndi mchimwene wake adaitanidwa kukachita nyimbo zosiyanasiyana ku Russia ndi kunja M'mayiko a ku Ulaya.

Atakhala ku Berlin, mnyamatayo anaphunzira ndi anthu otchuka monga Theodore Kullak (anaphunzira zofunikira za piyano ndi piyano) ndi Siegfried Den (anaphunzira maziko a nyimbo). Ku Moscow, anasamukira ku mphunzitsi wotchuka wa ku Russia Vasily Villuan.

Ali ndi zaka 23, mnyamatayo watsimikiza kale cholinga chake cha moyo ndipo anasiya malo ovomerezeka chifukwa cha ntchito yamsonkhano nthawi zonse.

Mu 1859, Nicholas analandira udindo woyendetsa nyimbo zoimbira za symphony mu Dipatimenti ya Imperial Russian Musical Society.

Mu 1866, adakhala mphunzitsi wa piano ku Moscow Conservatory.

Pa moyo wake wonse Rubinstein anakhala ndi masewera okwana pafupifupi 250 kuti akhale woyang'anira. Mafilimu ankachitikira ku Moscow komanso m'mizinda ina ya ku Russia.

Ndipo mu 1870 Nikolai adachita masewera okwana 33, ndipo ndalama zonse zomwe adapeza zimaperekedwa ku Red Cross.

Kunja, mwamunayo sanakonde kuti aziimba masewera, maiko okha omwe anapatulapo anali Austria ndi France. Koma ngakhale poyankhula pamisonkhano yachilendo kudziko lina, iye ankakondabe nyimbo za ku Russia, zomwe iye anatchulidwa kuti ndi wonyenga wotsutsa.

Nikolai ankakonda kupanga ntchito zodziwika bwino zoimba. Pa nthawi ya moyo wake, adalemba masewera ndi mafilimu ochepa chabe pa kusewera piyano.

Woimba wosasangalatsa

Wolemba pianist Nikolai Rubinstein nthawi zonse anali ndi taluso yapadera: akhoza kubwera pamodzi ndi munthu aliyense, mosasamala za msinkhu wake, kugonana ndi malingaliro pa moyo. N'chifukwa chake, m'zaka zake zazing'ono, woimbayo anaitanidwa kuti alowe nawo "ofesi yowonongeka" ya magazini yotchedwa Moskvityanin yofalitsidwa ndi Pogodin. Ndiyeno mnyamatayu anakhala membala wa zojambulajambula, omwe mamembala ake anali anthu apamwamba kwambiri omwe analenga nthawiyo.

Zikudziwika kuti mu 1859, pamene Botkin, Tolstoy ndi Obolensky analikukonza polojekiti ya Chamber Music Society ku Moscow, ndi Rubinstein yemwe adawonekera m'mutu wake. Mwamwayi, kapena mwachisangalalo, moyo watulukira mwakuti Nicholas anadzipereka yekha ku Moscow Conservatory.

Kukula kwa Moscow Conservatory motsogoleredwa ndi Rubinstein

Mu 1866 Nikolai Rubinshtein, yemwe ali ndi mbiri yodziwika bwino, adathandizira kutsegulira Moscow Conservatory ku Moscow ndipo adatenga udindo wa mtsogoleri wake, pafupifupi palibe (ngakhale mbale wake) anakhulupirira kuti mwanjira imeneyi mwamunayo angasunthire nyimboyi kwa anthu ambiri.

Koma zaka zingapo, chifukwa cha luso lapadera ndi luso la bungwe la munthu, malo osungirako zinthu akhala malo abwino kwambiri a nyimbo osati ku Moscow, komanso ku Russia konse.

Anali Nikolai Rubinshtein yemwe adathandizira kuti Conservatory apatsidwe ufulu wophunzitsa payekha pulogalamuyi - adaphunzitsidwa mwachindunji ndi aphunzitsi a bungwe la maphunziro. Kuonjezera apo, padapangidwa dera lapadera la mpingo wakale wa Russia kuimba ku Russia.

Pogwiritsa ntchito aphunzitsi a zosungirako zinthuzo anali olemba nyimbo komanso oimba a nthawi imeneyo.

Milandu

Ngakhale kuti anthu adakwaniritsa bwino mapulani a nyimbo, kutali ndi onse oimira akuluakulu a boma nthawi imeneyo analemekeza Rubinstein. Chifukwa cha kulakwitsa pang'ono, Nicholas adakumbutsidwa mwamsanga kuti anali wachiyuda komanso wochepa.

Maganizo amenewa anali ovuta kwambiri kuyambira nthawi ya 1869 mpaka 1870 panthawi yamavuto. Khotilo linagwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti Rubinstein anathamangitsidwa ku ofesi yake wophunzira yemwe akuphwanya malamulo onse omwe alipo, PK Shchebalskaya. Poyamba, nkhani yosafunika inali yokhudza mayesero chifukwa wophunzirayo anali mwana wa mkulu, ndipo woimbayo anali mlembi wadziko.

Chisankho cha khoticho sichinali chogwirizana ndi Nicholas. Khotilo linagamula kuti Rubinstein, yemwe ali ndi udindo wotsika kwambiri, ananyoza mwana wa wamkulu ndipo tsopano akuyenera kulipilira iwo zabwino za ruble 25. Ngati Nikolai analibe ndalama, ndiye kuti amatha masiku 7 ali m'ndende.

Malinga ndi zochitika za nyuzipepala za nthawi imeneyo, pafupifupi a Muscovite onse anakambirana nkhaniyi, ndipo chifukwa chokhazikitsidwa ndi Senate chigamulocho chinachotsedwa.

Kutsutsana kwachiwiri ndi olamulira

Posakhalitsa, Nikolai Rubinstein adachoka ku manyazi ambuyomu, monga adatchulidwira m'zinthu zolakwika.

Mu 1879, Bungwe la a Pulofesa la Moscow Conservatory linaganiza zotsutsa mphunzitsi wa bungwe la Shostakovskiy kuti alankhule poyera kuti asadzitamadzire yekha kapena kuti azidziwonetsera yekha.

Koma Shostakovsky sanagwirizane ndi udindo wotere ndipo adalengeza kuti Rubinstein anali munthu wonyenga komanso munthu wansanje, popeza sanafune kuti woimba piyano afane mphamvu kuti adziwe wotchuka. Mawu a Shostakovskii anali otsimikiziridwa ndikuti iye anali mwana wa mkulu, ndipo banja lake linali pansi pa zifukwa za mchimwene wake Alexander II.

Ndipo kachiwiri chirichonse chinapita molingana ndi mzere wachiwiri. Kuzunzika kwa woimbayo kunayamba mu nyuzipepala ndi kumbuyo kwa maso. Apanso, Senate inayenera kulowererapo.

Nikolay Rubinstein ndi Tchaikovsky

Pakati pa aphunzitsi a Moscow Conservatory, omwe anali anzawo a Rubinstein, panali wolemba wotchuka wa ku Russia dzina lake Pyotr Tchaikovsky.

Peter Ilyich atamva za kuzunzika kwa Rubinstein chifukwa cha kudandaula ndi kaduka, sakanatha kulekerera kunyoza koteroko, motero analemba kalata kwa wojambula zithunzi wa ku Russia Vladimir Vasilyevich Stasov, amene anali pafupi ndi Rubinstein wotembereredwa kwambiri.

Kalatayo inali ndi mizere yotsatirayi: "Kumene kuli kovuta pamaso panga, ubwino ndi waukulu kwambiri, mumangoona mdima, kuvulaza komanso kuphwanya malamulo ena. Koma ndikufuna kukuwuzani kuti zonse zomwe munayimilira ku Rubinstein zilibe kanthu. Ndinagwira ntchito pansi pa utsogoleri wake kwa zaka 12, ndipo ndizodabwitsa kuti ine ndikumva milandu yolakwika kwa munthu wowala. Zotsutsa zoterezi zimangotengera kuti Nicholas adzasiya ana ake. Ngati akutsutsana ndi ntchito yake, ndiye kuti adzangoyenda, koma sindifuna kuwononga nkhaniyi molemekezeka kwambiri. "

Maluso achiphunzitso

Ophunzira ambiri a Rubinstein adanena kuti anali mphunzitsi wodabwitsa, makamaka panthawi izi:

1. Rubinshtein amakhulupirira kuti ophunzira ayenera kumvetsetsa nyimbo zonse, osati kuganizira chinthu chimodzi.
2. Nicholas anafunsa ophunzira kuti afotokoze umunthu, ndipo osati kutsanzira mosaganizira zina za umunthu wapamwamba.
3. Anali kufuna. Ngati wophunzirayo sankakonzekera phunzirolo, am'nyamula ndi chidziwitso chochuluka ndi ntchito zomwe nthawi yomweyo zolakwikazo sizinapangidwe ndi wina aliyense.
4. Ndinatsindika kwambiri changu. Ngati wophunzira amakonda chinachake, ndiye kuti adzapambana.

Mawu a ophunzira a Rubinstein

Ngakhale kulimbika konse kwa piyano, ophunzira onse anasangalala ndi kuphunzitsa kwake. Izi zikuwonetseredwa m'mawu awo ena:

1. E. Sauer: "Iye anali ndi chozizwitsa chapadera chimene chingawonetse mphamvu za wophunzira aliyense. Anatsutsana: aliyense - wake. Talente iliyonse imafuna kuti munthu aziyandikira, ndipo ngati itaperekedwa, talenteyo imasewera mu mitundu yowala. "
2. A. Ziloti: "Pa maphunzirowo, Nikolai Rubinshtein anatiwonetsera luso loti adzifunira kukwaniritsa zochepa zomwe angathe. Pa nthawi yomweyi, adayeserera ophunzira ake m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti agwiritse ntchito zingwe za moyo. "

Manda a Rubinstein

Ngakhale malingaliro olakwika kwa woimba piyano panthawi ya maliro ake anali olemekezeka.

Monga chizindikiro cholira maliro mumzinda wonse wa Moscow, magetsi a pamsewu anali atawala. Pa requiem anthu ankabweretsa nkhono zazikulu kuchokera ku laurel, pafupi ndi bokosi adayikidwa maluwa ambirimbiri.

Kuti Nikolai Rubinstein, yemwe akufotokoza mwachidule nkhaniyi, adakumbukirabe ndi mitima ya anthu, Tchaikovsky analemba mu ulemu wake trio a-moll "Pokumbukira wojambula wamkulu".

Munthuyu ndi woyenera kulemekezedwa, ndipo amakhalabe mu mtima wa nyimbo zonse.