Xi'an (China): a zowoneka ndi mbiri ya mzinda wa

Xi'an (China) - nyumba ya mafumu aakulu ndi likulu la China wakale. Kamodzi mzinda wafika udindo wa padziko lonse lapansi. Kodi mbiri adzakumbukira akale mpanda? zinthu zimene chidwi mukhoza kuona mwa iye?

mzinda wakale

Xi'an (China) ndi umodzi wa mizinda yakale kwambiri ku dziko pamodzi ndi Athens, Rome ndi Cairo. Iwo anatuluka zaka zoposa 3,000 BC. e. ndipo anapulumuka kusintha 13 achepetse ku China wakale likulu a. Choncho njira zawo anayamba silika Road amalonda.

Mzinda wa Xi'an pa dongosolo lake linali lofanana ndi gulu Chess. m'gawo lake lagawidwa mu mawonekedwe a midadada lalikulu 108, omwe anali atazunguliridwa ndi khoma. Pezani kwa kotala wina ndi mzake angakhale kupyola pa chipata, amene atseka ndi kumadzulo. Mbali osiyana mumzinda a mfumu ndi phunziro apamtima.

Xi'an (China) amagwirizana ndi khalidwe lodziwika bwino. Lanthano kholo la Chinese Yellow Mfumu - Huang, anayambitsa Chitao, ankakhala mu mzinda. Apa malamulo ndi Qin Shihuang, kubweretsa dziko limodzi Chinese.

Xian heyday anafika pa Mafumu Tang, pamene China anakhala otchuka wa maiko Asian. Masiku ano Chibuda amapeza mbali Chinese wowerengeka kuti abwere ndi zipembedzo zina: Chikhristu, Chisilamu, Chizorowasita, Chiyuda. Utatha wa mafumu a unayamba kuda ndi mzinda, pakutayika udindo wa likulu.

Modern Xi'an (China)

mzinda lili m'chigawo chapakati pa mtsinje wa Wei Mtsinje. Modern Xian pa mapu anakhala kuposa kale, pamene pakati mbiri zambiri yafupika. Okwana mzinda ndi kunyumba kwa anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 10.

Xi'an tsopano ankaona kuti likulu wauzimu ndi mbiri ya China, wina malo Chikhristu. The zokambirana m'dera ophunzitsidwa anthu atsogoleri kuchokera ku dziko lonse. Zipembedzo zina chichitike: mzindawo mizikiti zambiri ndipo ali kotala Muslim.

Makonsolo anatha kusunga khalidwe chakale cha mzinda. Iye sizimawoneka ngati ena mzinda Chinese ambiri ndi nyumba zosanja zitalizitali, kutseka ngakhale kumwamba. Kumene, m'misewu ikuluikulu, monga kwina kulikonse, ndi podzaza anthu. Koma izi samaletsa alendo chaka chilichonse zikwi pitani Xi'an.

ndege lonse ndi makilomita 40 chabe kwa mzinda, kotero kufika kwa izo sizidzakhala zovuta. mzinda ndi okwerera 5, mmodzi amene amatenga sitima mkulu-liwiro.

Xi'an: zokopa

Mbali wakale wa mzindawo linazungulira ndi makoma aatali, zomwe zinasungidwa kuyambira Ages Middle kwambiri. Pamene a Ming ndi Tang khoma mobwerezabwereza ankamangidwanso ndi kumalizitsa ntchito. Poyamba anamanga kuchokera pansi, ndipo kenako anakonza analinso wapadera wa mpunga, miyala ndi nthaka, ndi kukamanganso mu njerwa.

Zilipo khoma ali ndi makulidwe a mamita 17 ndi kutalika mamita 12-15. m'litali ndi 14 makilomita. Makoma kwa kuonetsetsa ndi chitetezo, ili yonse mamita 120, okwana 98. The kumtunda ali mawonekedwe a malinga prongs ambiri (more 5500).

Mkati mwa makoma wakale kwambiri masitolo ndi malo odyera ndi zaka pafupifupi ya mbiri. Mu Xi'an mizikiti ambiri. Yotchuka kwambiri - ndi Great Mosque, ndilo chachinayi waukulu mu zonse China.

Mfundo imodzi chidwi ndi kotala Muslim. Ndi wotchuka zosiyanasiyana chakudya kuchokera halva kokoma msuzi wopangidwa kuchokera mutton kapena ng'ombe, amene ngakhale m'gulu mndandanda wa cholowa China.

Wosangalala kuzemba kugonthetsa ndipo amangokhala ali pikitipikiti m'misewu akhoza kukhala mu paki kapena zamaluwa Park "mabwinja Tsyuytszyan qi" ndi nyanja zokongola ndi ziboliboli anayikidwa mu.

terracotta asilikali

Akulemekezedwa ndi Chinese Mfumu Qin Shi Huang ogwirizana dziko, iye yovomerezeka m'nkhaniyi, koma kuti dziko lonse wachisavundi wotchuka asilikali dongo. Poyamba, chikhulupiriro ku moyo wina amakakamizidwa kuika pafupi ndi zinthu womwalirayo banja, zida, mahatchi ankhondo, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala anthu. Mfumu Chinese anali uweme ndipo analamula kuti kumanda achikumbutsowo ankhondo ake ndi dothi.

Mozungulira 9000 ankhondo dongo ndi akavalo anakwiriridwa ndi Jine Shi Huang za 210 BC. e. Aliyense wa iwo akulemera makilogalamu 135. Nkhope ya asilikali si mobwerezabwereza, pali nkhambakamwa kuti akuimira nkhope za anthu. kwambiri pa kuchita khama ndiponso khama chaonekera kulenga asilikali. Ntchito, anthu 700 000.

Asilikali lodziwika bwino anapeza ndithu mwangozi. Mu 1974, mlimi kukumba bwino, m'malo madzi fano apeza pa akuya mamita 5. zofukulidwa m'mabwinja kunachitika zaka 40 ndipo si anamaliza mpaka tsopano.

Confucius kachisi

Mpingo wakale tsopano m'malo Museum. Pali chionetsero chachikulu zoyenera Wamkulu silika Road. "Forest stelae" - malo ambiri wosaiwalika wa nyumbayi. Izi laibulale m'mwala, m'menemo stelae losema 2300 mabuku.

Pamene Mfumu m'bale Cin anatentha mabuku onse wofunika m'mbiri, ndi kuti ululu si mobwerezabwereza, wolamulira wa Mafumu Han analamula kuti kulembapo malemba pa mwala stelae. Pa mabuku iye chosema chiphunzitso Nestorius wa Chikhristu ndi Zikhulupiriro zikuluzikulu za nzeru Confucius.

Nestorius Chikhristu anabweretsa Xi'an Rabanne ku Syria mu 635. Mfumu anali odabwa za chipembedzo watsopano kwa iye, kuti analamula yomanga obisika mu ncindi ndi kumanga mu kachisi wa Confucius Pamwalawo chiphunzitso.

Pomaliza

Mu zaka mpanda okhala yaitali ndi yovuta mbiri, amene woyamba mphindi kutitimira amene pitani Xi'an. Zowoneka a mzinda - makoma izo ndi nsanja kumbuyo ndi ngalandezi ndi asilikali a unifier Lalikulu la China Qin Shi Huang, ndipo zipilala zina zambiri chikhalidwe Chinese.