Yopingasa zitoliro komanso zochititsa

Yopingasa chitoliro - chida choimbira ndi mtengo. Adzaupereka kwa mizimu, ndi wa woimba m'kaundula. phula kusintha zikutanthauza pereduvaniya. Komanso pa masewera amatsegula ndi kutsekera kwa mipata valavu.

zambiri

Bamboo yopingasa chitoliro - ali osowa ndithu lero, monga zida zamakono nyimbo ya mtundu uwu amakhalabe zitsulo (pulatinamu, golide, siliva, faifi tambala), nthawi zina la galasi, pulasitiki kapena zinthu zina gulu. Osiyanasiyana - kuposa octaves atatu. Mapepala kwa chitoliro yopingasa olembedwa clef treble, pa maziko a phokoso enieni. The timbre wa chimaonekera ndipo momveka bwino pakati mayina, pansi - ndi kuzimiririka, pamwamba - ochepa lakuthwa. Chitoliro zilipo zida zosiyanasiyana. izo zinasonyeza solos loimba zambiri. Izo ntchito mu mafuta onunkhira nthetemya oimba. Ntchito ensembles chipinda. Mu nthetemya oimba ntchito kuchokera 1 mpaka 5 zitoliro. Nthawi zambiri chiwerengero chawo zimasiyanasiyana awiri kapena atatu.

zida nkhani

Yopingasa chitoliro kudziwika kwa anthu kwa nthawi yaitali. Akale fano lake pa mpumulo Etruscan. Icho chinakhazikitsidwa mu 100 kapena 200 zaka BC. Ndiye chida walangizidwa kumanzere. Only posonyeza kuti ndakatulo ndi zaka za m'ma 16, amakhulupirira kuti kumanja.

Ages Middle

Yopingasa zitoliro komanso anapeza zofukulidwa m'mabwinja. Woyamba anatulukira ngati kumadzulo kwa Ulaya a m'zaka XII-XIV. AD. Mmodzi wa zithunzi oyambirira yoperekedwa kwa nthawi zili mu masamba a Buku lotchedwa Hortus Deliciarum. Ofufuza amasonyeza kuti chida kanthawi mwa ntchito ku Ulaya, ndiyeno kubwerera kumeneko, akubwera kuchokera Asia, kudzera Ufumu wa Byzantium. Mu Middle Ages zinali kamangidwe ka gawo limodzi, ndipo nthawi zina panali awiri. Chida anali kuvundikira cylindrical, ndi mabowo sikisi awiri ofanana.

Kubadwa Kwatsopano ndi Baroque

Yopingasa chitoliro kapangidwe sanasinthe kwambiri, ndipo mu nthawi wotsatira. Chida ali osiyanasiyana 2.5 octaves. Iye kuloledwa kuchita mndandanda wonse wa zolemba za lonse chromatic ndi zabwino chuma kukanda. Yotsirizira anali yovuta kwambiri. Best wa onse adawomba m'kaundula pakati. Wotchuka choyambirira zoimbira za izi zasungidwa mu Museum ku Verona otchedwa Castel Vecchio. Panali nyengo Baroque. Woyamba atasintha kuti chida anali opangidwa Otteterov banja. Ake nthumwi Zhak Martin chitoliro mbali 3. Kenako anakhala chida 4. thupi Nthawi zambiri agawidwa mu theka. Otteter unasintha kukhala inabala conical. Motero zinaoneka bwino intonation pakati octaves.

M'zaka za m'ma XVIII chida lidawonjezeredwa ambiri mavavu. Monga ulamuliro wawo 4 - 6. zaluso Zofunika zapangidwa ndi Johann Joachim Quantz, ndi Johann George Tromlitz George. Pa moyo wa Mozart wa chitoliro kaŵirikaŵiri ntchito yopingasa, amene ali vavu wina. Ndi chiyambi cha m'ma XIX, chiwerengero cha zinthu izi wakhala chikuwonjezereka. The nyimbo iyi virtuosity chida. mavavu zina, nayenso, ntchito chilango cha malemba ovuta kwambiri.

Pali zambiri kapangidwe options. Mu France, wotchuka anali zitoliro ndi mavavu asanu. Mu England, panali 7 kapena 8. Italy, Austria ndi Germany, pali machitidwe osiyanasiyana. Pano, chiwerengero cha zingwe zoimbira akafuna 14 kapena kuposa. Zida analandira maina a oyambitsa: Ziegler, Schwedler, Meyer. Panali dongosolo vavu anapanga makamaka pochepetsa ndime makamaka. Mu XIX atumwi ndi Vienna-mtundu chitoliro zinalengedwa, iwo m'gulu phokoso la mchere mu octave otsika.