Yowerengera terminology: kodi ndi muyezo?

Mu mlandu, mmodzi wa mawu ofunika kwambiri ndipo samasowa ndi "bwino". Mtengo wake ndi lodziwika bwino kwa anthu aluso m'munda. Anthu komanso kutali ndi nkhani, mawu ndi bwino m'malo chabe ndipo amakonda kucheza ndi kusiyana ena. Mu mau, ichi ndi kusiyana kumene kumachitika pakati analowa ndi chuma khama pa nthawi zina. Komabe, zachuma ndi yowerengera mfundo chozama kwambiri ndipo onse. Kodi muyezo ndipo n'kofunika chifukwa kuti utuluke ndalama m'gulu? Yankhani funso anapereka nkhaniyi.

Chiyambi ndi mawu akuti

mawu yafika mu zolankhula zathu ku Italy kwenikweni likumasuliridwa kuti "otsala", "malipiro" kapena "kuwerengetsa". Kuti ndi bwino mu dipatimenti mlandu, anaphunzira m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Zinali ndiye kuti Mau ntchito ngati liwu la bwino nkhani. Izo zasintha kufunika kwake kwa tsiku lino. Ngakhale wakhala chofala kwambiri ntchito mawu. Ngati kale icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito kokha Ngati munthu - kutanthauza kusiyana madebiti ndi ngongole nkhani, kuyambira chiyambi cha zaka mazana makumi awiri, ntchito chake kukodzedwa kupitirira mlandu. Lero mawu ntchito mophiphiritsa, ndi kupezeka mawu ubale malonda yachilendo.

The bwino mu akawunti

Ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mawu amenewa zamakono, cholinga chake chachikulu akanali yemweyo. Izo ntchito ndi nkhaniyi pa kayendetsedwe mlandu mwa ogwira ntchito ndi amasonyeza kusiyana pakati pa mulingo opezeka pa madebiti ndi ngongole nkhani. Kuulula mfundo zofunika kumvetsa kuti woteroyo madebiti-ngongole.

muyezo akhoza kupangidwa pa mbali zonse za nkhaniyo - lamanzere ndi lamanja. Woyamba ndi madebiti ndipo ikusonyeza Parish, ngati nkhani akugwira, ndi mlingo otaya, ngati kungokhala chete. Mbali yachiwiri - ngongole - liri ndi tanthawuzo zosiyana. Aliyense kutsogolera aumbike kusiyana pakati pawo, chotchedwa "bwino." Ngati madebiti kwambiri ngongole, amaona ndi madebiti ndipo taonera mbali ya muyezo. Ngati zochepa - bwino ngongole (analembedwa monga ngongole). Nkhani zina ndi onse amene ndi ena a mtundu wake. Komanso bwino nkhani alandire ziro, ndiye limasonyeza kuti chatsekedwa. Kuwonjezera madebiti ndi ngongole, pali mtundu wina wa bwino. Tiyeni tione iwo mopitirira.

Mitundu kosamala kulembamo mlandu

machitachita mlandu kudziwa mitundu yambiri ya miyeso, akuti:

• madebiti ndi Ngongole;
• achangu ndi chabe;
• kuyamba ndi mapeto.

Woyamba awiri ife kale mwafufuza. Koma zochuluka, izo kumachitika pamene ndalama amalandiridwa ndi gulu upambana mtengo wake anatenga. Mu zinthu zosiyana, pamene revenues ndi osakwana ndalama lenileni opangidwa ndi bwino akumane. Ngakhale kuti kusiyana kungakhale kaya zabwino kapena zoipa, timamva nthawi zonse kuphatikiza chizindikiro. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti amaganizira chuma zachuma ntchito ndi mfundo za kulowa awiri, pa dzanja limodzi amaganizira ntchito zimene zinachititsa kuti kukula kwa chuma, pa zina - kuti ndichepe.

Tsopano tiyeni kuthana ndi chakuti zoterezi bwino koyamba ndi womaliza. chakuti kusanthula wotuluka mu zolemba mlandu unachitikira kwa ena nthawi yeniyeni (mwachitsanzo, mwezi umodzi). Ndi mapeto ake ndi kutseka, ndipo amaonedwa zizindikiro za debits ndi Kuyamikira, kusiyana kwa amene anasamutsidwa kwa mwezi wamawa. Inayambira malire masamu zochokera ntchito yapita, wotchedwa bwino koyamba. N'kosavuta kuti ingoganizani bwino komaliza. bwino Nkhani kumapeto kwa nyengo. Amaonekera ngati Uwerenge bwino kutsegula ndi zolowa kwa nthawi pansi obwereza.

Mwachitsanzo mawerengedwe

Pofuna kumvetsa bwino zimene bwino, tiyeni tikambirane chitsanzo yosavuta mawerengedwe ake. Tengani "Timasangalala" tabu. Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi zinali mamita 1,000 nsalu (kutsegula bwino). Mu mamita wina 200 Anagula panthawi zolipiritsa ndi anagulitsa - 600. Kumapeto kwa mwezi, mwachidule Ntchitoyi nkhani imeneyi. Bwino chomaliza chinali 1000 + 200 - 600 = 600 meters. Popeza m'nkhani yogwira, madebiti kuposa ngongole, adzakhululukidwa madebiti.

Tiyerekeze kuti M'mwezi womwewo, muli ndi ngongole ya minofu kuchuluka kwa 5 zikwi rubles. Chifukwa cha ntchito mwa chabe "Nkhani sonyezani". Anakupatsani 4000 ndi 2000 ndalandira kwa iye pa yamalonda. Kumapeto kwa mwezi akauntanti kudziwa bwino 5 - 4 + 2 = 3000 rubles. Popeza masuku bwino kungokhala chete ndi bwino ngongole.

Ubale wa Trade okhonda

Mu gawo ili zachuma komanso ntchito mawu Italy kwa kusiyana. bwino mu malonda ndi chiyani? Apa kuonetsetsa osachepera awiri a mitundu yake - ndi muyezo wa malonda ndi bwino malipiro. Tiyeni tione zimene mfundo zimenezi.

Trade zotsala

Maziko a malonda yachilendo ya katundu ndi matanthauzo. Kusiyana mfundo izi nthawi anapatsidwa ndipo amatchedwa muyezo wa malonda. Iwo akhoza kukhala kaya zabwino (pamene wolowa upambana imports, ndiye pali dziko amagulitsa kuposa izo zimapangitsa) kapena zoipa (pamene pali azimuth n'zosiyana). Mu dziko vuto la owonjezera imports pa wolowa (zoipa bwino malonda) kuoneka ngati negative. chifukwa chake n'chapafupi: chifukwa cha mfundo yotero kusefukira katundu kunja, chifukwa zowawa Mlengi zoweta ndi ndalama "funneling" kunja. Kuvomereza wa bungwe la International Monetary Fund , pali ngakhale chapadera ponena za kufunika kukhala ndi abwino malonda malire ndi udindo uwu zambiri chofunika kwa issuance wa ngongole ku zigawo. Komabe, mu America Mwachitsanzo, pali zinthu n'zosiyana. M'zaka zingapo zapitazi m'dziko lino chimakhala chogwidwa ndi imports, ndi bwino zoipa mu makumi a mabiliyoni ambiri. Pankhaniyi, zikhalidwe za moyo wa anthu US mwina kaduka anthu a m'mayiko ambiri amene kokha kufuna kulemera ofanana.

Bwino malipiro

Ubwenzi pali nthawi malipiro ndalama pakati pa mayiko. Kusiyana kwa ndalama zochokera kunja ndi malipiro mokomera m'mayiko ena amatchedwa bwino bwino za malipiro. Ndi zabwino ngati analandira kuposa masamba, ndi zoipa - ngati zinthu anyamata. Zikatero pali kuchepetsa nkhokwe kuwombola yachilendo ya dziko (ngati malipiro anapangidwa ndalama zakunja, monga Mumauro kapena madola). Popeza kupanda kufunika malonda a katundu zoweta kwa ndalama zakunja. Kuwonjezera ndalama angakhalenso chifukwa ngongole olimba.

Kusamala ndalama malisiti zofunikira

Chiyambireni cha 2012 malisiti ndi mwatsatanetsatane. Pa dzanja limodzi, ichi ndi azimuth zabwino, koma ena - nzika ndi mafunso ambiri pa wokhutira. Mwachitsanzo, anthu ambiri amachita chidwi ndi zimene bwino malisiti. Zithunzi Izi zikusonyeza bwino nkhani zaumwini za chiyambi cha mwezi uno. Ngati mtengo ndi zabwino, ndiye overpayment nyumba ndi ntchito limodzi ngati zoipa - ngongole anauka. Pankhaniyi, amaona ngati pokhapokha 10 la mwezi zotsatirazi ndi kuthetsa (ndi nthawi iyi anthu ayenera kupereka dipo a zofunikira). Motero, nzika wamba akukumana ndi lingaliro la "bwino" tsiku ndi tsiku. Pankhaniyi, kuoneka ngati kutsegula bwino nkhani patokha kukhalira m'nyumba zawo.

Pomaliza

M'nkhaniyi takambirana mwatsatanetsatane funso kodi muyezo wa icho chiri ndi ziti zimene ntchito. Ambiri ntchito lingaliro ili mu akawunti mu kusanthula ntchito pa chiphaso zolowa za bungwe. Komabe, ntchito m'madera ena, kuphatikizapo malonda akunja ndipo ngakhale nyumba ndi zofunikira gawo.