IMF mawu olembedwa. Goals, zolinga ndi ntchito za bungwe mu dziko

IMF (mawu olembedwa - The International Monetary Fund) analengedwa mu 1944, pa msonkhano mu Bretton Woods mu United States. cholinga chake poyambirira anayesedwa motere: kulimbikitsa mgwirizano padziko lonse m'munda wa zachuma, malonda kuwonjezeka ndi kukula, kuonetsetsa ndalama bata, thandizo malipiro pakati Member States ndi kuwapatsa zipangizo kuthetsa vutoli mu bwino malipiro. Komabe, mu kuchita, ntchito za Fund yafupika ndalama grubbing kwa ochepa (cha mayiko ndi mabungwe transnational), zomwe, mwa mabungwe ena, amazilamulira, ndi IMF. Kodi ngongole IMF, kapena IMF (decoding International Monetary Fund), kuti States wosowa? Ntchito Fund bwanji chuma padziko lonse?

IMF: decoding zachikunja, ntchito ndi ntchito

IMF amayimira Monetary Fund International, IMF (chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti acronyms) mu Baibulo Russian chiri motere: International Monetary Fund. Izi gulu yapakati-boma Cholinga kulimbikitsa mgwirizano ndalama pamaziko a upo anthu ake ndi kuwapatsa ngongole.

Chinthu chimene akufuna malo olimba Foundation parity mitengo. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, Member States ndapatsa iwo mu golide ndi madola US, kuvomereza kuti kusintha oposa khumi peresenti ya Fund popanda chilolezo cha ndipo sasiya bwino izi kukhazikitsa ntchito oposa zana limodzi.

History ndi Development Fund

Mu 1944 pa msonkhano mu Bretton Woods mu United States ndi oimira mayiko makumi anayi adaganiza zolenga maziko wamba chifukwa cha mgwirizano zachuma pofuna kupewa devaluation zotsatira za imene mmasate wa Great Depression, komanso kuti konzanso a zachuma pakati limati nkhondo itatha. Chaka chotsatira, pa maziko a zotsatira za msonkhano IMF unakhazikitsidwa.

The USSR anatenga mbali mu msonkhano ndi anasaina Act kukhazikitsa bungwe, koma kenako sanali kulemba izo, ndipo sanali nawo ntchito. Koma nineties, pambuyo Soviet Union, Russia ndi mayiko ena - Soviet Union limodzi ndi IMF.

Mu 1999, IMF waphatikizapo mayiko 182.

amazilamulira, kapangidwe ndi nawo m'mayiko

Likulu la mabungwe UN apadera - ndi IMF - ndi mu Washington. The bungwe lolamulira la International Monetary Fund ndi Board a akazembe. Pamafunikanso kazembe yeniyeni taphunzira ku chiwalo dziko la Fund.

The Board Executive tichipeza 24 otsogolera, kuimira gulu la mayiko kapena mayiko munthu nawo. Pankhaniyi, mkulu utsogoleri nthawi zonse European, ndi wachiwiri wake woyamba - American.

Likulu ovomerezeka aumbike mwa zopereka kuchokera States. Panopa, m'mayiko 188 ndinu mamembala a IMF. Kutengera pa kukula kwa quotas lolipiridwa ndi mavoti awo adzakhala anagawana mwa maiko.

IMF deta akusonyeza kuti chiwerengero chachikulu cha mavoti m'manja mwa US (17.8%), Japan (6.13%), Germany (5.99%), UK ndi France (by 4,95%), Saudi Arabia (3 , 22%), Italy (4.18%) ndi Russia (2.74%). Choncho, United States ali ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba mavoti ndi kokha dziko lomwe lili ndi veto pa nkhani zofunika zomwe zakambidwa pa IMF. mayiko a ku Ulaya (osati iwo okha) voti mu njira yomweyo monga United States.

Udindo wa Fund mu zachuma

IMF zonse oyang'anira ulamuliro ndalama ndi ndalama za States Member ndi boma la chuma padziko lonse. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, chaka chilichonse, zokambiranazo ndi mabungwe okhudza mitengo kuwombola. Komano, Member States ayenera kufunsa Fund pa nkhani zazikulu za citukuko.

Mayiko amafunika IMF amapereka ngongole m'mayiko kupereka ndalama abwereka, amene akhoza zolinga zosiyanasiyana.

Mu zaka makumi awiri linakhalapo, Fund anapereka ngongole m'mayiko makamaka otukuka, koma ndiye, ntchitoyi yakhala refocused pa m'mayiko osauka. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo chiyambi mapangidwe a awo a dongosolo Wachiwiri-atsamunda ku dziko.

M'mayiko zikhalidwe chopezera ngongole ku IMF

Kuti mamembala a gulu States akanakhoza kutenga ngongole ku IMF, iwo ayenera kukumana ndi mndandanda wa zinthu pa ndale ndiponso zachuma.

Zotsatira anatuluka mu Mipingo zaka mazana makumi awiri, ndipo kokha akupitiriza kuumitsa ndi nthawi.

IMF-Bank pamafunika kugwira pulogalamu, chimenenso, si kuchoka m'dzikolo mwa mavutowo, ndi curtailment la ndalama, kukula zachuma ndi mapeto kuwonongeka kwa zinthu chikhalidwe nzika ambiri.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mu 2007 anali mavuto zamphamvu gulu IMF. Chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti padziko lonse zachuma mavuto 2008, malinga ndi akatswiri azachuma, mwina zinali zotsatira zake. Palibe Anafuna kutenga bungwe ngongole, ndi maiko amenewo kuti mwazilandira kale anafuna pasadakhale kubweza ngongoleyo.

Koma panali mavuto padziko lonse, zonse zinagwa malo, ndipo ngakhale zambiri. IMF chifukwa chawonjezeka zinthu zake mu katatu bwanji zachuma kwambiri.