Zachilengedwe piramidi - izo .. Kulamulira zachilengedwe piramidi. zitsanzo

Kawirikawiri kuphunzira mapiramidi zachilengedwe amachititsa mavuto ambiri ophunzira. Ndipotu, ngakhale kwambiri wosazindikira ndi opepuka zachilengedwe piramidi kuyamba kuphunzira sukulu ndi sukulu ana kusukulu ya pulayimale. Ubale monga sayansi zaposachedwapa ayamba kulipira wambirimbiri tcheru, chifukwa sayansi kungathandize kwambiri mu dziko masiku ano. Zachilengedwe piramidi - ndi mbali ya zachilengedwe ndi sayansi. Pofuna kumvetsa chimene icho chiri, inu muyenera kuwerenga nkhaniyi.

Kodi piramidi zachilengedwe?

Zachilengedwe piramidi - ndi kapangidwe likutipatsa kuti nthawi zambiri amasonyezera pa mawonekedwe a makona a. zitsanzo chikuimira dongosolo trophic wa biocenosis. Izi zikutanthauza kuti piramidi zachilengedwe akuimira chiwerengero cha anthu, zotsalira zazomera awo kapena kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kuti uli momwemo. Aliyense wa iwo akhoza kuonetsa aliyense chizindikiro chimodzi. Choncho, izi zikutanthauza kuti mapiramidi zachilengedwe angakhale mitundu ingapo: piramidi, amene amasonyeza chiwerengero cha anthu, piramidi, kumene kumasonyeza chiwerengero cha anthu umaimiridwa ndi zotsalira zazomera ndi atsopano piramidi zachilengedwe, zomwe zikusonyeza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zopezeka toyesa izi.

ndi piramidi wa manambala chiyani?

manambala piramidi (kapena chiwerengero) chimasonyeza chiwerengero cha zamoyo mu mulingo uliwose trophic. Izi zachilengedwe likutipatsa chitsanzo angagwiritsidwe ntchito sayansi, koma sikawirikawiri kwambiri. Links mu piramidi zachilengedwe zochuluka akhoza ankaimira pafupifupi kwa osawerengeka, ndiye zachilengedwe dongosolo m'dera mu piramidi kusonyeza kovuta. Komanso, pa mulingo uliwose trophic pali anthu ambiri, chifukwa nthawi zina kovuta kusonyeza Chomangika biocenosis limodzi lonse zonse.

CHITSANZO kumanga piramidi wa manambala

Kuti timvetse piramidi wa manambala ndi kumanga ake, m'pofunika kupeza zimene mitundu ndi wotani zimachitika pakati pa iwo zikuphatikizapo izi piramidi zachilengedwe. Zitsanzo Tsopano tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane.

Tiyeni m'munsi chithunzi adzakhala matani 1,000 udzu. therere, kuti chifukwa 1 chaka adzatha kuzidyetsa wokha zinthu zachilengedwe apulumuke dongosolo la mitundu okwana 26 miliyoni a ziwala ndi tizilombo tina. Ziwala Pankhaniyi adzakhala inali pamwamba zomera ndi kulemba wachiwiri trophic mlingo. Wachitatu trophic mlingo adzakhala 90 zikwi achule kuti chaka ankadya chakudya pansipa tizilombo. About 300 mumapezeka nsomba adzatha ntchito achule awa chaka, motero, iwo udzakhazikitsidwe pa trophic mlingo wachitatu mu piramidi. wamkulu adzakhala ili kale pamwamba pa piramidi zachilengedwe, adzakhala kugwirizana chachisanu ndi yomaliza unyolo uwu, kuti ndi trophic mlingo lomaliza. Ichi ndi chifukwa chaka anthu adzatha kudya chakudya padziko mumapezeka nsomba 300. Zikatero, mwamuna ndi kugwirizana apamwamba mu unyolo chakudya, motero, kale mpesawo chakudya palibe amene angathe. Monga tikuonera chitsanzo cha kulumikizana kwa chosowacho mu manambala piramidi zachilengedwe zosatheka.

piramidi wa zotsalira zazomera

Izo zikhoza kukhala zosiyanasiyana nyumba malingana topezeka kudera. Mwachitsanzo, piramidi lapadziko m'chilengedwe ungaoneke chimodzimodzi monga piramidi mphamvu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amagwiritsa ntchito ngati nkhuni piramidi inamangidwa m'njira kuti chiwerengero cha zotsalira zazomera adzakhala ndichepe ndi aliyense motsatizana milingo trophic.

Ambiri, piramidi wa zotsalira zazomera anaphunzira makamaka ophunzira, chifukwa ndi zofunika kumvetsa ena a chidziwitso m'minda ya zamoyo, zachilengedwe ndi zinyama. Izi piramidi chilengedwe - ndi zojambula likutipatsa kuimira ubale protsudentami (i.e. organic zinthu kuchokera opanga zochita kupanga) ndi ogula (okonda zinthu zimenezi organic).

Kodi ogula ndi protsudenty?

Kuti ndithudi kuzimvetsa mfundo yomanga piramidi a zotsalira zazomera, m'pofunika kumvetsa amene ogula ndi protsudenty.

Protsudentami ndi organic zinthu kuchokera opanga zochita kupanga. Awa ndi zomera. Mwachitsanzo, masamba a zomera ntchito mpweya woipa (chinthu zochita kupanga), ndi kubala chifukwa cha nkhani dzuwa organic.

Consuments - Makasitomala deta organic zinthu. Mu m'chilengedwe lapadziko ndi nyama ndi anthu, ndipo zimadalirana m'madzi - nyama zosiyanasiyana m'madzi ndi nsomba.

Kukalowa piramidi wa zotsalira zazomera

Kukalowa piramidi wa amagwiritsa ntchito ngati nkhuni yomanga ndi makona kukalowa pansi, ndiyo maziko ake ndi kuchepera kuposa pamwamba. Zimenezi zimatchedwa piramidi adzagonjetsa kapena kukalowa. Environmental piramidi ali kumanga ichi protsudentov mlandu zotsalira zazomera (opanga zinthu organic) n'chozama kupitirira zotsalira zazomera wa ogula (okonda zinthu organic).

mphamvu piramidi

Monga tikudziwa, ndi zachilengedwe piramidi - chitsanzo likutipatsa wa zamoyo. Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zinthu zachilengedwe ndi kumanga mawonekedwe a otaya mphamvu. Piramidi, kumene kumasonyeza changu ndi nthawi ya ndime ya chakudya kudzera unyolo chakudya, amatchedwa mphamvu piramidi. Zakhala anakonza kuti wasayansi wotchuka American, amene anali malo okhala ndi katswiri - Raymond Lindeman. Raymond anakonza lamulo (zambiri zachilengedwe piramidi), amene amanena kuti kusintha kwa mlingo m'munsi trophic ukufanizidwa ndi unyolo chakudya wotsatira akudutsa pafupifupi 10% (kapena zochepa) mphamvu kuti analowa pa mlingo yoyamba piramidi zachilengedwe. A gawo otsala a mphamvu zambiri khama pa ndondomeko kwambiri chimake cha ndondomekoyi. Chifukwa cha ndondomeko kuwombola aliyense siteji ya zamoyo kutaya 90% mphamvu zake.

Ndondomeko ya piramidi mphamvu

Ndipotu, lamulo mwa milingo chapamwamba trophic amapita laling'ono kwambiri (kangapo) mphamvu kuposa m'munsi. Pachifukwa ichi zamoyo lalikulu la nyama n'chochepa kwambiri kusiyana Mwachitsanzo, achule ndi tizilombo.

Mwachitsanzo, nyama yonga ngati chimbalangondo. Zimakhala pamwamba, ndiko kuti, pa mlingo trophic wotsiriza, chifukwa n'kovuta kupeza nyama ina kudyetsedwa kwa iwo. Mu nkhani ngati panali ambiri nyama zomwe zikanati amadya chakudya zimbalangondo, iwo akanafa chifukwa iwo sakanakhoza kuzidyetsa wokha, popeza zimbalangondo zikusoŵa. Izi zikutsimikizira mphamvu piramidi.

Piramidi wa equilibria zachilengedwe

ophunzira ake kuyamba kuphunzira mu 1-waya kapena 2-graders, chifukwa N'zosavuta kumvetsa, koma pa nthawi yomweyo n'kofunika kwambiri monga mbali ya sayansi zachilengedwe. achilengedwe bwino piramidi ukugwira ntchito m'chilengedwe osiyana, onse mu chikhalidwe lapadziko, ndi sitima zapamadzi lapansi. Nthawi zambiri ntchito dziŵani ophunzira kufunika kwa cholengedwa chirichonse pa dziko lapansi. Kuti timvetse piramidi wa mgwirizano zachilengedwe, m'pofunika kuti tione zitsanzo.

Zitsanzo yomanga piramidi zachilengedwe equilibria

Piramidi wa equilibria zachilengedwe angasonyeze zimene zimachitika pakati pa mitsinje komanso nkhalango. Mwachitsanzo, fano likutipatsa angasonyeze mogwirizana zotsatirazi zachilengedwe: nkhalango anathyola a mtsinjewo, amene adaguduka zakuya. The mtsinje anali olemera kwambiri, ndipo pa magombe ake anakula maluwa, bowa, tchire. madzi ake anali kwambiri nsomba. Mu chitsanzo ichi bwino zachilengedwe zimawonedwa. The mtsinje amatipatsa mpaka chinyezi ake mitengo, mitengo kupereka mthunzi, musalole madzi asanduke nthunzi mtsinje. Taganizirani zosiyana Mwachitsanzo zachilengedwe mgwirizano. Ngati chinachake nkhalango zimachitika, mitengo zidzatenthedwa kapena kudula, mtsinje kuti adzauma popanda chitetezo. Ichi ndi chitsanzo cha chiwonongeko cha bwino zachilengedwe.

Chinthu chomwecho zingachitike ndi nyama ndi zomera. Taganizirani akadzidzi, mbewa mitengo ndi zipatso zokwana. Zipatso zokwana ndi maziko a piramidi mu bwino zachilengedwe za chilengedwe, chifukwa iwo sadya china, koma pa nthawi yomweyo kudyetsa makoswe. The chigawo chachiwiri mu mlingo lotsatira trophic adzakhala mbewa nkhalango. Iwo kudya zipatso zokwana. Pamwamba pa piramidi ndi akadzidzi, chifukwa iwo kudya mbewa. Ngati anataya zipatso zokwana kuti kukula pa mtengo, mbewa adzakhala kanthu kakudya ndipo n'zachionekere kuti afe. Koma palibe amene adzayenera akadzidzi, ndi onse maganizo awo adzataika. Izi ndi za chilengedwe bwino piramidi.

Kudzera mapiramidi izi ecologists akhoza kuyan'ana mkhalidwe wa chilengedwe zinyama, kuzindikira koyenera.