Konstantin Sergeevich Novosolov: yonena za sayansi ndi chikhalidwe ntchito, mphoto ndi mphatso. Nobel Prize mu Physics (2010)

The odziwika bwino Russian wasayansi, analandira nzika British ndi knighted, membala wa Royal Society of London, Mphoto Nobel mu Physics. Ndi ndani iye? Novoselov Konstantin Sergeyevich!

yonena

Wotchuka wasayansi anabadwa mu mzinda wa Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk dera August 23, 1974 ku banja la injiniya ndi mphunzitsi English pa nambala sukulu 39, woyambitsa ndi mkulu amene anali kamodzi agogo ake, Viktor Konstantinovich Novoselov.

Kukhala kalasi lachisanu ndi chimodzi, Constantine watulukira luso lapadera ndiponso tithe choyamba mu mpikisano dera mu sayansi, ndipo kenako pa mpikisano Onse-Union mobwerezabwereza bwino, kulowa pamwamba khumi. Mu 1991 anamaliza zina makalata sayansi sukulu luso ndi chaka chomwecho anayamba kuphunzira pa Moscow Institute thupi-zaumisiri. Iye anaphunzitsidwa mu zapaderazi "Nanotechnology" pa mphamvu ya thupi ndi kwadzidzidzi Electronics ndipo anamaliza ulemu ku Institute, kenako kupita ntchito IMT Ras (Institute of Microelectronics Technology Ras) mu Chernogolovka. Pali maphunziro kusukulu maphunziro motsogozedwa ndi Yuriya Dubrovskogo.

kunja

Mu 1999, Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov - katswiri wa sayansi ndi mbiri unakhazikitsidwa kale anasamukira ku Netherlands. Kumeneko, pa University of Nijmegen, iye amagwira ntchito pamodzi ndi Andrei Geim. Kuyambira mu 2001, asayansi akhala akugwira ntchito ndi University ya Manchester. Mu 2004 iye amalandira mlingo wa Doctor wa Philosophy (Jan Kees Maan mutu).

Pa nthawi, Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov - pulofesa wa Royal Society ndi Professor wa Physics ndi Masamu pa yunivesite ya Manchester ndipo ali Unzika wa mayiko awili (Russian ndi United Kingdom). Tsopano iye amakhala mu Manchester.

kafukufuku

The odziwika Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov? Malinga ndi bungwe mawunikidwe Thomson REUTERS, Chirasha British sayansi ndi chimodzi mwa kaŵirikaŵiri ukutchulidwa asayansi. Kuyambira cholembera chake anabwera 190 nkhani za sayansi. Komabe, lofunika kwambiri la kafukufuku zoona, graphene. Anthu ambiri adamva mawu, zomwe zikuwoneka yosavuta bwino. Technology kwenikweni achidule ndi kaso, monga lonseli. liwunikidwenso wa graphene ndi ntchito zake, mwina timathandiza anthu mu nyengo za m'manja ndi kompyuta zipangizo kopitilira muyeso-kudya ndi ultrathin, magalimoto magetsi, ndi wolimba koma wopepuka kwambiri yomanga.

maulemu

Pamene Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov anapita kukagwira ntchito University Manchester, anakhala mtsogoleri wa mnzake achikulire ku Russia, Andre Geim. Pa nthawi imene iye wachita kale chinkhoswe mu kafukufuku malowa ndipo anali wokhoza kubereka limagwirira wa guluu wolimba wa yoteroyo nalimata, ndipo ofotokoza analenga tepi yomata chomwe pambuyo ntchito pa ntchito sayansi ndi graphene. Pamaso kuti Geim anathandizira wophunzira Chinese, koma mawu a sayansi, ntchito n'kuyamba pokhapo anatenga Novoselov Konstantin Sergeyevich. The Prize Nobel anali kupereka kwa iwo October 2010. Novoselov panopa limatchedwa wamng'ono Nobel mu sayansi (kwa zaka 37 lomaliza), osati panthawi imene wasayansi pakati Nobel premiatov anabadwa pambuyo 1970.

Mofanana 2010 Novoselov analandira udindo wa Mtsogoleri wa dongosolo la Dutch Mkango chopereka wake chidwi kwa sayansi ya Netherlands, ndipo kenako mu 2011, lamulo la Mfumukazi Elizabeth II amlonge Knight-yoyamba, ali chopereka chake kwa sayansi ya United Kingdom. Wapadera mwambo wa chinamwali mu Knights unachitikira kenako m'chaka cha 2012, pamene ankayembekezera pa BUCKINGHAM Palace. Iye anatsogolera mwana wake, Mfumukazi, Mfumukazi Anne.

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov, sayansi ndi chikhalidwe ntchito yomwe zinthu zambiri ndithu, analandira mphoto ina yapamwamba phunziro la graphene, kukhala wopambana wa mphoto "Evrofizika" mu 2008. Iwo kupereka zaka ziwiri, Nobel Prize opambana pakati awardees ake anali khumi okha. mphoto ndi mphoto ndalama ndi satifiketi kutsalira. Iye anapambana Kurti Komabe, si graphene ndi mndandanda wa zinthu zomwe takwaniritsa m'dera la otsika kutentha ndi mphamvu ya maginito.

Za banja ndi moyo

Konstantin Novoselov ndi anakwatira mkazi wake Irina. Ngakhale ndi Russian, anaphunzira asayansi kunja mu Netherlands. Irina amachokera Vologda, chinkhoswe kafukufuku m'munda wa tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso, PhD (nkhani yolembedwa kumbuyo mu St. Petersburg). Banjali ndi ana aakazi awiri, mapasa Sophie ndi Vic anabadwa mu 2009.

Stanislavski, mu mawu ake, osati bambo, amene adakhala masabata zasayansi ndi kudutsa ubwana wa ana awo. Kuti kuyambitsa dziko laling'ono transistor ndi kuphunzitsa mwana wake kuti awerenge ndi twente-seveni - chinachake chimene amaima mu mzere womwewo. "Palibe munthu amene anachitapo kwa inu," - iye anati.

Poyankha, makolo ake ndisanayesepo kuchepetsa mwana wake mtima. Iwo nthawizonse zakhala kukhulupirira kuti mwana wawo ali ndi mphatso, ndipo, ngati iye anena, katswiri wa sayansi, sanadabwe pamene iye analandira Nobel Prize.

Mu kuyankhulana kwa magazini Esquire, iye anavomereza kuti akufuna kuphunzira kuimba limba. Waphunzira Komabe, anavomereza kuti zimayenda mediocre.

pa USSR

Stanislavski anabadwa mu Soviet Union ndi maphunziro kwambiri. Iye mwini anavomereza kuti bwino kwambiri komwe pang'ono. Koma adzabwereranso ku Russia. Mwina chifukwa cha zimenezi ena atolankhani involuntarily adamlalatira posowa wake wakutemwa. Katswiri Izi zikunena kuti si za ndalama, mu Britain ntchito kudzanso chifukwa palibe sikusokoneza m'zochita zanu.

Novoselov angatenge moyo zosavuta, sindiganizira pa zolephera - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa malamulo ake zofunika. Ngati pali mavuto pa ubwenzi wawo ndi anthu, iye amayesetsa kuyambitsa yopuma, koma ngati anatipatsira, tisiye mawu omaliza kwa munthu wina. Mu wasayansi wotchuka pali mavuto a moyo, mwachitsanzo, iye anali wokonzeka kuti ndalama iliyonse, basi kuti nthawi yopuma.

Koma moyo wake kwa ntchito ndi zina, sikuti iye kugawanitsa, mwina ndi zokolola kiyi maphunziro. Kunyumba, iye akuganiza za sayansi, ndi pa ntchito - basi kumasuka moyo.

graphene Kodi

Ngakhale kuti kupambana onse m'munda wa sayansi, kuti ntchito yaikulu ya Novoselov anali ndi kukhala graphene. Kapangidwe ichi, chimene chinali choyamba zilipo zasayansi imayendetsedwa ndi Akhristu anzathu, awiri ooneka enieni "mauna" wa maatomu mpweya mu makulidwe a atomu imodzi. Novoselov ananena kuti luso si zovuta ndi kulenga graphene aliyense, pafupifupi improvised. Iye akunena kuti yokwanira kuyamba wabwino ugule graphite, ngakhale angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngakhale mapensulo ndipo amathera pang'ono pa pakachitsulo gawo lapansi ndi zomatira tepi. Akonzeratu kulenga graphene ndi wokonzeka! Choncho, nkhani sati m'manja mwa mabungwe akuluakulu, Novoselov ndi Geim kwenikweni lidaupereka kwa dziko.

katundu n'zosadabwitsa

Komanso kudabwa sayansi pakompyuta katundu wa nkhaniyi. Malinga ndi iye, graphene angagwiritsidwe ntchito transistors, amene akuyesera kuchita pakali pano mu ena makampani, kuchotsa mfundo bwino mu mafoni zipangizo.

Malinga ndi Novoselov, graphene adzakhala atapeza njira zamakono. Mbali yaikulu ya aliyense filimu yopeka - ndi zosaneneka zapamwamba mandala, woonda, osati breakable ndi magwiridwe kwambiri. Ngati Zithunzi pang'onopang'ono m'malo lotha pakachitsulo sayansi ya mafilimu a kanema adzakhala mu moyo.

The maphunziro zambiri lodziwika Novoselov ndi Geim? chakuti nthawi yomweyo anasamuka ku zasayansi kuti conveyors, ndi zambiri - athandiza kwambiri m'zaka zoyambirira.

umisiri tsogolo

Kumene tsopano ntchito graphene? Zingatanthauze kuti mfundo apeza sanathe koma kunafalikira, ndi kumlingo zimenezi n'zoona. Pafupifupi onse chitukuko adakali experimental m'chilengedwe ndipo osati kumasulidwa kuŵeta. Komabe, kutsatira mfundo izi tsopano akuyesera kuti pafupifupi m'madera onse kuti mwina angatchedwe weniweni "graphene malungo."

Werengerani yekha, ngakhale kulemera otsika ndi chilungamo pafupifupi zonse (izo zimatenga 2% kuwala opatsirana, chimodzimodzi ngati galasi wamba zenera), chuma ndi cholimba kwambiri. Kafukufuku wa posachedwapa asayansi American anasonyeza kuti graphene ndi wothira pulasitiki chabwino. Izi zimachititsa heavy-ntchito mfundo zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'madera onse, kuyambira kupanga mipando ndi mafoni am'manja roketi sayansi.

Graphene kale prototypes wa mabatire kwa magalimoto magetsi. Iwo yodziwika ndi mphamvu zazikulu ndi zazing'ono adzapereke nthawi. Mwina chifukwa vuto ndi magalimoto magetsi adzathetsedwa, ndi zoyendera adzakhala yotsika mtengo ndipo kwambiri zachilengedwe wochezeka.

Graphene ntchito mu chitukuko mapanelo latsopano kukhudza kwa mafoni. Ngati masensa chakale akhoza opareshoni pa lathyathyathya pamwamba, ndiye Zithunzi za vuto limeneli osauka, chifukwa akhoza ndichotse pa chifuniro. Komanso mkulu magetsi madutsidwe adzapanga poyankha yochepa.

Mu ndege,

Nyumba mivi ndi ndege, anapanga ntchito graphene adzakhala kangapo mosavuta, amene kwambiri kuchepetsa ndalama mafuta. flights udzakhala wotsika kuti kugula ulendo kumalekezero ena a dziko lapansi adzakhala kugula imodzi. Koma, kuwonjezera magalimoto galimotolo imeneyi zidzakhudza, ndithudi, ndi katundu. Wonjezerani ngodya akumidzi a dziko zidzakuyenderani bwino kwambiri Motero, moyo ndi ntchito padzakhala anthu kwambiri.