Zakudya sagwirizana nazo - Thandizo The Farmer

Kudzikundikira nyama zambiri pa malo okha, nthawi zambiri chaka chonse anakhala awo m'nyumba ndi ena njira zina zimachititsa kuwonongeka wa thanzi nyama, chifooke malamulo ndi matenda kagayidwe kachakudya kwambiri, ndipo monga chotsatira cha kuchepa kwa zokolola. Choncho, mtundu wa zakudya ndi phindu ake ayenera mwapadera. Zakudya zokhala ndi zakudya zonse zofunikira nyama ndi chinthu biologically yogwira, udindo osati kukula yake ndipo zokolola za nyama, komanso mlingo osachepera otaya chakudya pa botolo la kupanga. Mwatsoka, chikhalidwe palibe chakudya kumatanthauza amatha kwathunthu zosowazo zakudya nyama, mosatsata n'zotheka kusankha ndi chakudya mu vuto la kudzipatula kwambiri kwa chilengedwe ndi zimagwiritsa ntchito forage kukolola ndi munthu. Komabe, pali njira ndi luso kuti angalemeretse zakudya zakudya palibe. Ndi za alimi alipo ambiri, otchedwa atsopano feedstuffs, imene pa nthawi yomweyo n'zotheka kupulumutsa pa chakudya. Izi ndi malo, zomwe angagwiritse ntchito obereketsa onse, umene uli wofunika makamaka mawu a kusowa chakudya.

chakudya Non-ochiritsira, kupanga ndi ntchito ya umisiri anayamba zambiri. Tiyeni tione angapo a iwo, ntchito ya sipangakhalenso anakonza pafupifupi zinthu aliyense wa munda ndipo tione.

magulu awa a feedstuffs tingaone.

• zina madzi (pomace, timadziti ndi infusions, limafotokoza, pastes, unicellular algae);
• mwatsopano ndi yowutsa mudyo chakudya ndi zowonjezera (mwatsopano paini masingano ndi masamba, nthambi chakudya, nkhalango, silage, forage masamba wagwa, akuyima zomera zakutchire ndi zomera nakulitsa, hydroponic wobiriwira);
• youma chakudya (nkhuni udzu, chakudya matsache, vitamini chakudya chakudya);
• Anaikira zowonjezera (mbewu za udzu ndi zomera zake, limafotokoza vitamini, zotsalira zazomera youma ndi mphutsi mikrovodosley, chakudya yisiti ndi zina zotero).

Ndilo gwero Kufikika ya chakudya ndi nkhalango. The zosiyanasiyana zinyalala nkhalango, kugula ake, ntchito chaka chonse kulola ife kuti kuziona ngati mmodzi wa nkhokwe kwambiri paulendowo.

Dyetsani chuma nkhalango:

Madzi zina. timadziti Natural ndi infusions nkhuni wobiriwira ogwira vitamini ndi enaake zakudya. ntchito zawo kuti iwo akhoza kukhala pa nsonga ya mowa, kupanda moyo yaing'ono alumali - masiku 5-7. timadziti Natural nthawi 10-15 wambiri zina poyerekeza infusions ndi amafuna standardization. Ambiri kulowetsedwa singano mlombwa, Oil, paini, iwo amakonzedwa mwa m'zigawo ndi otentha zobiriwira (70-90ºS) kapena madzi ozizira. Mu 100 cm3 masingano kulowetsedwa spruce zili 26,4 mg wa vitamini C, paini - 35,2, mlombwa - 28,1 mg. Mwatsopano wophwanyidwa softwood phazi anaikidwa ng'oma ndi otentha madzi udzathiridwa pa mlingo wa gawo limodzi la singano 3-4 mbali madzi (by kulemera). Mbiya chili pamwamba ndi lamanzere 3h maola 8 pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira - kwa tsiku. Kuchepetsa kutayika kwa zakudya ndi kusintha palatability akupanga paini akhoza kupesa. Kuyambira makilogalamu 1 amadyera atsopano nkhuni angalandire makilogalamu 3-4 ndi physiologically yogwira kulowetsedwa zatu. akupanga amadzimadzi coniferous adzalandira ntchito antibacterial, amene lipindulitsa pa prophylaxis ndi staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ndi typhoid enteric mabakiteriya gulu.

Mwatsopano ndi yowutsa mudyo ndi chakudya zowonjezera. Mphukira chakudya. Mwatsopano kapena zouma masamba (nkhuni udzu) misa mitengo ndi zitsamba akhoza m'malo mpaka 20-30% ya roughage zakudya mu ruminants ndi ndiye gwero la zinthu biologically yogwira.

Akuigwiritsa atsopano mphukira chakudya pamaso kudyetsa bwino palatability ndi digestibility, zimene zimachititsa zomvetsa.

Mgoza, thundu, otuwira, dogwood, mlombwa, spruce ndi msondodzi makungwa zochepa zofunika chifukwa okhutira mkulu wa zinthu extractive kuti kuchepetsa dzuwa la ntchito zawo.

Kudya mtengo wa chakudya Bulawuzani zimadalira mitundu nkhuni, nyengo kukolola, ndi m'mimba mwake wa nthambi ndi masamba zimasiyanasiyana pafupifupi kuchokera 3762 mpaka 5852 KJ metabolizable mphamvu pa makilogalamu 1 kanthu youma. The digestibility wa nthawi zomera ndi 35,2-49,4%. Owongolera mtengo wa Bulawuzani forage yolimba amakhala ndi billet zake zoyambirira za nyengo kukula, ndipo coniferous - m'nyengo yozizira. Zakudya mphukira chakudya angathe kuonjezera Madziwo ndi mankhwala mankhwala Proofing kapena saccharification.

nthambi Coniferous, mosiyana ndi mitengo yolimba, ndi bwino kuyamba kukolola ndi kudyetsa nyama kugwa mochedwa - yozizira, pamene zili extractives osachepera mwa kuyambitsa iwo mu zakudya pang'onopang'ono. Kuyamba kwa singano ya chakudya ndi njira yabwino kupewa matenda akusowa, zosiyanasiyana matenda matumbo ndi kupuma pa maziko a kuchepekedwa okwana chakudya. Singano ndi mtengo gwero la carotene kuposa udzu, kaloti, mafuta nsomba kapena udzu chakudya.

Silage ndi masamba senazhirovanie, paini masingano, nthambi ang'ono ndi imodzi mwa njira ya zachilengedwe ndipo m'kati ensiling forage amapeza katundu watsopano organoleptic kuti kuonjezera palatability ake. zotsatira zabwino mapulogalamu kudyetsa silo ku zomera zake ndi kusakaniza silage ku zatsalira nkhalango ndi zomera herbaceous (udzu, zinyalala masamba ndi mbewu kumunda) ntchito chakudya hydrolytic dzuwa ndi urea kukwaniritsa chosowa dzuwa legkosbrazhivaemyh. Mu mitundu ina ya mtengo nkhalango silo (kuchokera amadyera zinyalala nkhuni) chifukwa palibe zizindikiro za ensiling (lactic, zidulo acetic), koma misa zawo lili bwino ndipo lili pafupi mtundu wapachiyambi ndi zosangalatsa fungo (opuwala masamba, yophukira kusunga).

Chakudya masamba wagwa a mitundu yosiyanasiyana mtengo alinso ndi zina mtengo kudya. Yellow masamba motsutsana ndi wobiriwira kuchepa mapuloteni, pafupifupi mulibe carotene, mavitamini C, dzuwa, koma ali ndi ndalama apamwamba mafuta, CHIKWANGWANI, phulusa. Mtengo kudya masamba akugwa ndi 25-35% m'munsi. Woponderezedwa, zaparivayut, ntchito silage ndi Proofing etc.

Youma Pet chakudya. Wood udzu - zouma chakudya mokhudzana ndi chuma Bulawuzani. Tufts lowuma, waung'ono, nthambi bwino leafy otchedwa nthambi, youma masamba - "zake" udzu. masamba youma ndi zake zitsamba youma ndi mtengo wapatali zakudya, muli zambiri mchere.

Vitamini wobiriwira matabwa ufa limapangidwa kuchokera 7.2 kuti 16,6% ndi mapuloteni okhutira zakudya zambiri osati kudzipereka ufa wa nyemba. Agwiritsidwa ntchito yopanga Zingayambe wosanganiza, ndipo monga zowonjezera mu zakudya za ziweto ndi mbalame. Softwood ufa - vitamini chakudya kuwapeza masingano zouma paini ndi spruce kapena paini nthambi ndi anagwiritsa ntchito yapamwamba. Makamaka kuyambira makilogalamu 1 kanthu youma masamba birch, Aspen ndi alder akhoza kuwapeza 125-200 mg ndi carotene, kuchokera masingano wa paini, spruce, mlombwa, Oil, mkungudza, ndi 60-100 mg ndi; Vitamini C kwa 1kg la singano paini ndi spruce 3000-3200 4000 IU, kuposa malalanje ndi mandimu. Mu zikhalidwe za ufa vitamini munda wa masamba akhoza ogwidwawo ndi shrinkage awo achilengedwe ndipo anayamba umapezeka.

Utuchi ntchito mu mawonekedwe mwatsopano kapena kukonzedwa. Nkhuni milled anawonjezera kuti chakudya moyikirapo mu kuchuluka kwa 25-50% kuti muzingochita palatability awo popereka wambiri. Mu chakudya ruminant kutumikiridwa fumbi lalikulu (15-25% ya zakudya) kuti matenda rumen ntchito kuchepetsa odwala parakeratosis. Makamaka, zachilengedwe Aspen tchipisi ndi mkulu amasankha makhalidwe roughage. Utuchi kudya mtengo achuluke ndi njira yosavuta: gidrobarotermicheskoy processing, ndi owonjezera njira soda wozizira kapena wotentha, madzi amoniya, etc.

Dyetsani kuchokera pa pepala zinyalala. Ong'ambika pepala zinyalala pepala lili mpaka 90% a mapadi. Mphamvu ya ntchito pepala zinyalala mu chakudya zimatengera mtundu wa pepala. Kukhazikika digestibility wa nkhani youma; pakuti bulauni pepala kuzimata 90,8% opukutidwa - 41,0-46,5, newsprint - 26,5-33,2%. Pamene 10-20% newsprint wathunthu chakudya nkhani youma digestibility ukuwonjezeka kuchokera 77,9 kuti 80,1-81,8%.

Pali njira zambiri kukonzekera pepala zinyalala kudyetsa, makamaka umapezeka komanso kusakaniza ndi uchi mu chiŵerengero cha 25:75, kenako atayanika pa T 85º C mpaka apezeka etc. Pambuyo monga zakudya zikuchokera.

Izo kumvetsetsa kuti chakudya kukutanthauza monga pepala zinyalala, utuchi, ndi zina zotero, kuphatikizapo kachitsotso ndi pansipa ananena kuti luso lokonzekera, muli wambirimbiri mapadi, applicable okha poligastrichnym (ruminant) nyama.

zina za chakudya.

Madzi zina. Unicellular algae. Ndere akhoza kukhala wamkulu mu amatunga ndi zomera kupanga malo omwe sali oyenera ulimi; chikhalidwe chawo ndi zochepa amadalira nyengo, ndi kulima zolinga chakudya n'zotheka pansi zikhalidwe za chuma chilichonse. Ubwino feedstuffs akhoza zimachitika kukula mofulumira nkhuni. Pa tsiku 6 wa kulima, pamene kuchuluka kwa mavitamini mu sing'anga, pazipita, selo kuyimitsidwa nyama solder, popanda imfa ya mavitamini mu sing'anga, ndipo bioactive zinthu zina - mankhwala, michere, sterols, mbewu timadzi, etc.

Pamene anawaonjezera matani 1 tirigu 5-7 makilogalamu youma kulemera Chlorella tirigu bioavailability kuchuluka 1.5 khola. Pakati ta algae ntchito padziko lonse chakudya ndi chakudya zina, wamba 3 mitundu - Spirulina, Chlorella ndi Dyunaliella.

Kulima mitundu ya mtundu Spirulina umabala 128 T / ha mapuloteni pa chaka. Dyunaliella - chinthu mafakitale misa chikhalidwe. Seaweed Izi makhalidwe zakudya zake kuposa ena pa mkulu mafuta okhutira (mpaka 28%), ndi mavitamini, amino zidulo a akonzedwa chonse okhutira komanso zili otsika phulusa, ali digestibility wabwino. Chlorella - okhutira wa mavitamini ndi wamkulu kuposa zonse zakudimba ndipo forage mbewu, kuphatikizapo yisiti. Chlorella umabala ndi B12, lomwe ndi kuti Yehova sangapezeke mwa yisiti kapena zomera apamwamba. Ngati mafuta nsomba lili 6 mavitamini, ndi Chlorella iwo osachepera 13 ovomereza-vitamini A ali nthawi 7-10 kuposa kuthengo ananyamuka kapena apricots zouma. Chlorella - kubala yogwira mapuloteni, chakudya, lipids, mavitamini ndi mosavuta zimasintha chiŵerengero cha mankhwala awa. Chikhalidwe chomwecho cha kusintha kukula zinthu zotsalira zazomera akhoza analandira ndi okhutira ndi mapulotini kuchokera 9 kwa 88%, zimam'patsa - pa 6 ndi 37%, ndi mafuta - pa 4 ndi 85%. Zakudya 1 makilogalamu amagwiritsa ntchito ngati nkhuni 4-5 makilogalamu mapuloteni soya ndi ofanana ndi mapuloteni mkaka youma kapena nyama. Chlorella akuchiritsa nyama avitaminoses ndi matenda osiyanasiyana m'mimba.

Pamene ntchito alimi kubwerera ndi miyezi 1-2. Various kulima luso kulola ntchito monga chikhalidwe sing'anga madzi manyowa, zinyalala processing ulimi ndi mpweya flue monga gwero la mpweya woipa komanso mapangidwe zina zofanana. Mu chatsekedwa makina makhazikitsidwe chlorella zokolola za 100-40 ga mankhwala youma pa 1 mita ² patsiku, Chofanana 360-500 m / ha. The zokolola ambiri zomera otsegula mtundu pansi kuwala mu osiyanasiyana 14-35 g / m² patsiku. Mu madzi achilengedwe chlorella bwino kuchita konzanso zamoyo zimbudzi, amatunga zoipa, zomwe zimathandiza kuti abwezeretse topezeka a malo awa kuchepetsa achilengedwe.

A chomera lililonse kwa kulima chlorella pa famu kapena ziweto zovuta zambiri ali mawonekedwe a chipinda kutentha ndi tichipeza culturing kwa kupanga ndi zasayansi yokonza njira zatu. Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti ntchito Seaweed chakudya Pamafunika nthawi yogwira ntchito izo mwa kuikapo maganizo mwina amanyoza amasokoneza nyama.

Mwatsopano ndi yowutsa mudyo ndi chakudya zowonjezera. Ndere. Mu madzi athu pali mitundu iwiri ya duckweed - trilobal ndi zazing'ono. osatha Izi ndi laling'ono kwambiri, nthambi zomera, pomizidwa thupi lonse m'madzi. Vegetatively zimafalitsidwa, mu kanthawi kakafupi nthawi kungathandizire kuphimba nkhope ya ataima madzi. Idyani zinthu thanzi kusungunuka m'madzi, kuwatengera kudutsa pamwamba pake. Zima, kugwa ndi isanayambike nyengo yozizira pansi pa madamu. Duckweed muli mapulotini, mavitamini, mchere mchere. Iwo akhala ntchito kudyetsa nkhuku ndi nkhumba. Pa nthawi yomweyo zambiri duckweed wobiriwira pang'ono kutsanulira chinangwa (chinangwa) ndi ufa. No contraindications ntchito kudya nyama zina monga zowonjezera ku chakudya zofunika.

Pali zomera zakutchire kuti ali oyenera kudya, kuphatikizapo phindu mitundu wamphamvu zakutchire monga Kinoya kufalikira, msondodzi-therere, nettle, ndi ena ambiri.

Atriplex patula wapadera osakaniza mkulu ozizira kukana ndi pazipita zokolola dzuwa, tiyenera kuphunzira mu zina chakudya chodalirika kwambiri. Mu gawo wobiriwira zomera muli ascorbic asidi (150 mg%), carotene (10 mg%), mapuloteni (10 30%), mafuta (kuchokera 0.4 kuti 2.2%), CHIKWANGWANI (9.3 mpaka 39 , 2%), betaine (1.22%).

Kudya mtengo wa nettle kuti ndi zinthu zomwezo kukula izo akukamba zokolola nthawi 1.5-2.0 kuposa mbewu za makolo yokolola kukhwima ya misa wobiriwira ndi masiku 20-25 kumabwera koyamba, kotero inu mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito izo mu dongosolo wobiriwira conveyor. Monga mkulu-zokolola ndi mkulu amasankha chakudya chikhalidwe chake wakula m'mayiko ambiri. Ndi aliyense katemela zaka 8-10 mahekitala kufika pa 800-1000 c. / Ha, pa ulimi zambiri wobiriwira misa. Mtengo nutritive wa nettle si otsika mbewu nyemba. Nettle ntchito mu mawonekedwe a infusions, decoctions, udzu, haylage ndipo anawonjezera kuti nkhokwezi lapansi. Izo kumawonjezera kupanga mkaka ndi kunenepa ng'ombe ndi mbalame kumawonjezera kupanga dzira. Lunguzi ayenera zidzawonjezedwa kwa zakudya za nkhumba, makamaka kwa chiberekero pakati. Koma, kumbukirani kuti kudyetsa stale nettle, pambuyo 6-12 maola yosungirako kungachititse kuti poyizoni chifukwa kudzikundikira ku feteleza.

Amaranth kwa zaka 8000 wakhala umodzi wa mbewu yaikulu mu America South ndi Mexico, pamodzi ndi nyemba ndi chimanga. Amaranth -. Kodi pachaka herbaceous zomera, amene kutalika angafikire 2.5-4 mamita panicle pa kukhwima ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 30 ndipo m'mimba mwake 15 masentimita panicle zomvetsera ukufika 1 makilogalamu .. Amaranth mbewu ndi ochepa, monga mchenga, mpaka 500 zikwi. A panicle umodzi. Mapira amaranth umabala mbewu, makhalidwe ndi katundu ofanana dzinthu, chifukwa chakuti sikuli kwa banja mbewu monga chimanga, umatchedwa psevdozlakom. Anthu oposa theka mapuloteni amaranth akupanga albumins ndi globulins ndi oyenera kwa amino asidi zikuchokera. Amaranth mbewu ali pafupifupi 15-17% mapuloteni, mafuta 5-8% ndipo 3,7-5,7% ya CHIKWANGWANI, amene ali wamkulu kuposa kuti mbewu monga chimanga kwambiri (mapuloteni okhutitsidwa chimanga ndi 10-12,6% mafuta - 4,6-6,7, tirigu mapuloteni - 9-14, mafuta - 1,1-3,4%). Chifukwa okhutira yofunika kwambiri kwa amino asidi lysine, ndilo mapuloteni a amaranth ndi kawiri kuposa ya tirigu, ndi katatu woposa wa chimanga ndi tirigu, ndi ngakhale ofanana kuchuluka kwa soya ndi mkaka wa ng'ombe, khalidwe mapuloteni a amaranth imatengedwa kuti kwambiri . Ngati wangwiro Chiyerekezo mapuloteni (ofanana ndi dzira) 100 mfundo mkaka mapuloteni casein adzakhala ndi mfundo 72, soya - 68, tirigu - 58 Chimanga - 44, ndi amaranth - 75 mfundo. Choncho, chifukwa makhalidwe awo zamoyo amaranth ndi chidwi kuposa mpikisano yapafupi - soya, ndi kupanga mankhwala mapuloteni ochokera amaranth zingakhale zotsikirako mtengo kusiyana ndi soya. Akuluakulu mpikisano ntchito limafotokoza amaranth mapuloteni ndi mwachibadwa awo ndi oyenera kwa amino asidi zikuchokera.

Transom amaranth ngati gulu wobiriwira kapena mbewu ntchito kutulutsa silage, kupanga vitamini A ndi ufa granules. Green Unyinji wa bwino kudya ziweto zonse. Mau oyamba zakudya amaranth bwino kuchuluka ndi khalidwe la mankhwala ndi kuchepetsa ndalama zake. Zokolola amaranth ndi 35-60 T / ha wa tirigu ndi munthu pazipita mpaka 2000 makilogalamu / ha wa nkhuni. Amaranth imatengedwa kwambiri mtengo ndi mkulu-mapuloteni chakudya, onse atsopano ndi silage, ufa azitsamba kapena granules. Silage akhoza kudyetsedwa chaka chonse. Green misa ku July mpaka frosts choyamba. The osakaniza chimanga silage ndi amaranth mu 1: 1 mapuloteni okhutira, poyerekeza ndi chimanga silage kumawonjezera nthawi 1,32, kwambiri kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina zofunika nyama lysine, calcium ndi phosphorous.

N'kofunikanso kuti kufesa amafuna makilogalamu 0.5-1 yekha wa mbewu pa 1 ha. Pakuti kufesa tirigu pamafunika avareji makilogalamu 200, ndipo chimanga - 50 1 makilogalamu a ufa pa mahekitala. amalabadira kwambiri ndi undemanding ndi chikhalidwe cha miyeso agro-luso. A chigawo zabwino conveyor wobiriwira, pamodzi ndi kugwiririra.

Kugwiririra - cruciferous mbewu (kabichi). Izi oilseed ndi mapuloteni mbewu ali ndi chakudya chachikulu ndi phindu chakudya. M'mbali zambiri, kuposa mbewu zina zambiri kugwiririra. mbewu zake zili 40-48% mafuta ndi 25-30% mapuloteni. Komabe, chipolopolo rapeseed kugonjetsedwa ndi michere m'mimba ndi masoka ntchito unprocessed lonse tirigu kudya ng'ombe kuti% transits 30 mwa mundawo m'mimba.

Kugwiririra - ndi chakudya mbewu konsekonse. Iwo akhoza bwinobwino nakulitsa pafupifupi mabacteria onse nyengo ya dziko.

Pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo wamba ochepa mukhoza kupewa zotheka m'mimba matenda. Iwo MUKACHULUKIDWE chakuti ndi kosatheka kupereka wobiriwira misa kugwiririra kusala kudya, pambuyo mvula kapena mame. Ziyenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono amakonda kudya ng'ombe kugwiririra zelenki kutsatira mitengo mmphepete mwa kudya, malingana ndi mtundu wa nyama ndi zaka zake. Green misa kugwiriridwa kwa yophukira kudyetsa n'kofunika, chimafikira kwa onse wobiriwira conveyor aakulu chisanadze yozizira. Green misa rapeseed angapereke mitundu yonse ya zinyama, ndi mlingo tsiku la mkaka ng'ombe yochokera zokolola zawo zomwe 20-25 kg. Kugwiririra kumabweretsa kutentha pansi kwa - madigiri 7, ndipo akupitiriza kupita patsogolo. Only chifukwa kugwa kudyetsa wobiriwira misa kugwiririra pa masiku 60-70 yophukira angathe kuonjezera zokolola za malita 100-150 pa ng'ombe. Makamaka kufunika rapeseed mu zaka chilala, pamene compensates imfa ya tirigu ndi chakudya, ndipo anapha mbewu zingafesedwe mu July. Ndipo chitsanzo cha gulu munda "Onse munda mapira" Kirov dera kuti ndifulumire ndi rapeseed akulima mukakolola kwa oilseeds, limatipatsa mavuto wolemera.

Pakuti kudyetsa nyama ndi mbalame angagwiritsidwe ntchito udzu, mbewu, chakudya, mikate Zoo ndi batala. Green misa kugwiririra udzu ndi mbewu zina cruciferous: colza, radish, Tiphon bwino ntchito kudya ng'ombe ndi nkhumba. Grass cruciferous lili mkulu mlingo zomanga thupi monga nyemba, koma 10% zochepa mafuta (15% vs. 25%). Mbali wokongola kwambiri ndi luso crucifers awo kutulutsa zokolola zonse za misa wobiriwira m'chaka oyambirira (pamaso rye) ndi pozdneosenny (mpaka chisanu -8S0) nthawi yomwe kwambiri amawapatsa nthawi conveyor wobiriwira. N'kofunika mbali lotsatira. chiŵerengero kashiamu kuti phosphorous mu zakudya nyama ayenera 1.2-2 kwa 1. Komabe, mitundu ya chakudya zikuluzikulu ndi tirigu ndi umatuluka processing awo, pa mwake, phosphorous milingo nthawi 3-8 kuposa mlingo wa calcium. Izi mphamvu kutumikiridwa mu chakudya choko, chipolopolo kapena zina kashiamu munali zakuthupi. Komabe, choko, kulowa m'mimba ya nkhumba ndi nkhuku, pali kwambiri neutralizes acidity, amene impairs chimbudzi zakudya ndi kulimbikitsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapepala kakuti m'mimba. Yemweyo kugwiririra chakudya mankhwala chiŵerengero kashiamu kuti phosphorous wa 0,9: 1, amene angathe kuchepetsa chakudya kutumikiridwa mu choko kapena laimu.

Mwa zomera atsopano chakudya, omwe akutipatsa mkulu zokolola pansi mabacteria osiyana agro-nyengo likukhudza atitchoku. Yerusalemu atitchoku ndi kunyumba kwa North America. Mu Russia, chikhalidwe anabwera m'ma XVII m'njira ziwiri: ku Europe ndi China. Ichi ndi osatha tuberous mbewu za mtundu mpendadzuwa banja Asteraceae. Yerusalemu atitchoku limasonyeza zokolola mkulu woyamba mwendo zisanu chodzala ndi tubers. Yerusalemu atitchoku lilinso kwambiri zambiri wobiriwira misa ya masika, pamene botanical zomera zikuchokera vegetatiruyuschih yafupika kwambiri. Pamwamba zokolola avareji tubers 40-50 T / ha, pamwamba - 30 T / ha. The tubers wa m'dzinja yokolola zoipa kwambiri anali. Yerusalemu artichokes nthawi zambiri anakumba akamavutika, monga pansi anapitiriza zabwino, koma pamene chisanu nyengo iye kumasowa frosts mu -40C. Green misa kukolola mochedwa September kapena kumayambiriro October forage pokolola kapena mower ndi Sankhapo-mmwamba. Pamene ntchito atitchoku zaka 2-3 kokha ngati gulu wobiriwira, kwa kupanga udzu, silage kapena ufa, zimayambira tadulidwa kawiri - koyamba chomera kutalika kwa 80-100 masentimita 6-10 masentimita pamwamba awiri pansi pa masamba, imene kukula kwa axils wa zimayambira kachiwiri ndipo chachiwiri - kuchokera mochedwa September mpaka chisanu.

Malinga ndi kwa amino asidi zikuchokera misa wobiriwira ndi tuber wa Yerusalemu atitchoku ndi chakudya biologically wapatali. Thanzi tubers 0,23-0,29 korm.ed. The mapuloteni okhutira ndi pafupifupi 3.2% mankhwala youma ongokhala 16 kwa amino zidulo, amene 9 - wofunikira. zomera ndi multivitamin ndi zabwino mchere zikuchokera. Mofunitsitsa kudya atitchoku pafupifupi nyama zonse ulimi munda kapena wamba - ng'ombe, mahatchi, mbuzi, nkhosa, nkhumba, ndi mofanana mofunitsitsa iwo kudya ndi nsonga ndi mizu. malo ake mu dziko ndi minda - wothandiza chakudya mbewu ndi mtengo wotsika (Onse ndalama ndi "ntchito"). Iye amapereka, choyamba, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino dziko lenileni kovuta otsetsereka. Chachiwiri, kudyetsa nthawi zalembedwa Yerusalemu atitchoku ndi miyezi iwiri mu kugwa, masika ndi miyezi itatu - miyezi isanu, osati pang'ono, makamaka poganizira zimene miyezi!

Low okhutitsidwa Yerusalemu atitchoku poizoni ndi mbali yofunika ya chikhalidwe anapatsidwa.

Ng'ombe parsnip Sosnowski - The okhalitsa ndi mkulu-zokolola mbewu. The zokolola za wobiriwira misa hogweed ndi apamwamba kuposa chimanga, ndipamene aboveground amagwiritsa ntchito ngati nkhuni mpaka 2000 makilogalamu / ha. Chinthu china chofunika ndi ntchito osatha m'minda hogweed ndi cheapness wa kulima ake (palibe pachaka zambiri zamtengo wapatali agropriomov). A chuma cha hogweed zotsalira zazomera mapuloteni, mavitamini, mchere, dzuwa (omwe amaonetsetsa silage zabwino), akupanga chikhalidwe wokongola ku mafamu ambiri.

Asayansi ambiri mabungwe botanical 60 Iwo anatenga gawo mu zikuluzikulu ndi Mipikisano chaka pulogalamu kuti atchule ng'ombe parsnip Sosnowski machitidwe ulimi monga chomera chakudya. Komabe, ankaona kuti, pambuyo kulolerana ake chakudya chokwana, nyama kuthi fungo kwachirendo ndi mkaka owawa, kukhala osayenera anthu mowa. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti ng'ombe parsnip zimakhudzanso osabereka ng'ombe.

Hogweed anaonekera mbewu aukali, kamodzi anadzetsa m'minda anapeza okha popanda kuisamalira, iye anayamba kufalitsa ndi kutenga malo onse alipo. ng'ombe parsnip wakhala tsopano owononga ndi n'loopsa ndi bwino zachilengedwe a dongosolo lino, osati Russia komanso m'mayiko ena ku Ulaya.

mavuto onse obwera ndi Hogweed makamaka ikukhudzana okha wina mitundu, "akagwiriridwa" roadsides ndi minda ananyalanyaza - Sosnowski ng'ombe parsnip (Heracleum sosnowskiy). Panyengo ya kukula mu madera osiyana a zomera hogweed kudziunjikira ntchito Photodynamic wa furokumariny lapansi. chokhala ndi zotsatira khungu mu dermatitis kwambiri, amayaka kudutsa mtundu. Kugwiritsa kudzikundikira coumarin anthu kumayambitsa matenda lotchedwa adzithandize.

Chakudya ziweto cowparsnip pansi chakudya aakulu kuchepekedwa zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati udzu kapena ufa zosakaniza ndi mu mawonekedwe a silage. Iwo akhoza akulimbikitsidwa kuchita chizolowezi ngati mbewu zina chakudya kwa kudzinenepetsa zochokera achire mwamsanga chakudya pamaso kukaphedwa. Ng'ombe parsnip silage ndikutchetcha pamaso maluwa. Ntchito misa Kamaoneka pa udzu chakudya ndi kuchotsedwa monga chofunika chakudya okololawo. Pamene kukonza hogweed ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzekereratu, Bvalani zozitetezera. Izo kutiletsa pamanja angaimbidwenso Kamaoneka misa ya hogweed m'kati potsegula.

Green misa wolemera dzuwa. shuga okhutira kuposa zinafunika osachepera silage ndi nthawi 2-2.5, mogwirizana ndi izi parsnip ng'ombe akhoza silo ndi zimene trudnosilosuyuschimisya ngakhale zomera kwambiri ndi udzu mdulidwe, patachitika udzu osatha neri Al., amene kuwonjezera 10-15% ndi kulemera.

Reed Kodi Chofunika zakudya ndi wakuti. The makilogalamu 100 a nzimbe udzu pamaso maluwa munali (pa chinthu youma) 44 chakudya. u ndi 3,9% ya mapuloteni zidyeke, mu makilogalamu 1 kulemera wobiriwira - kuchokera 33,1 kuti 51,5 mg wa carotene. Komabe, pa nthawiyi nzimbe muli zochepa CHIKWANGWANI ndi BEV (polysaccharides) kuposa nthawi wotsatira kwa nyengo kukula. The mafunsidwe pazipita polysaccharides ku nzimbe chikuchitika pa maluŵa.

Youma Pet chakudya. Akatswiri a ulimi padziko lonse kuyambira nthawi makedzana, ndi kuyesetsa kukhala njira kusintha mtengo zakudya chakudya otsika mtengo: udzu, chinangwa, mankhusu, ndi zambiri. Kwambiri lomwenso ndi chidwi kunyamuka udzu. Mphasa chisanu ndi kasupe tirigu, yozizira rye ndi zamwano, ali ndi mphamvu otsika -0,16-0,22 zakudya chakudya. u 1 makilogalamu ndi bwino kudyedwa ndi nyama. Chithandizo udzu thupi kapena mankhwala njira (liquefied amoniya, laimu, caustic koloko) imapereka kuwonjezeka kwambiri (nthawi 2.5-3.0) palatability ake ndipo ukuwonjezeka mu nthawi 1,3-2,8 mphamvu zakudya. Kudya mtengo wa mapira udzu, balere, Mapila, udzu testis, makamaka cocksfoot, nandolo ndi Viki Yarovoy apamwamba mphamvu chakudya zakudya ndi 0,31-0,40. u pamene zili 16,0-35,0 ga mapuloteni yaiwisi pa 1 makilogalamu. Koma kusintha palatability ndi digestibility zipangizo zakudya michere chakudya kuti m'pofunika kugonjera thupi mankhwala njira - mphero, kuphatikiza ndi maganizo, ndi apamwamba wakudya yowutsa mudyo ngati silage, Beet zamkati etc., komanso biologically yogwira ndi mchere zina ..

Popeza opanga ntchito matabwa mabokosi 1,5x1,5x1,5 m. Mphasa kudula zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo mu zigawo za 45-50 masentimita kenako n'kuwaza kapena anatsanulira limafotokoza zowonjezera ndi kusakaniza. osakaniza anali udzu wouma limafotokoza zaparivayut madzi otentha (75-80 ° C) kuti malita 100 1 Q udzu. Malita 100 madzi zambiri kusungunuka 2 kg ya mchere. Pamene ntchito zikulumikizana mchewere n'kofunika kudziwa zili shuga mu izo kuteteza udzu kuchuluka shuga. Pamaso kusakaniza ndi uchi udzu uli kusungunuka mu madzi otentha mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 3; 1: 4 ndi kulemera ndi kutumikiridwa pa mlingo wa malita 100 1 Q udzu. Kuti mupewe yosakongola CHIKWANGWANI digestibility udzu malita 100 mchewere kuchepetsedwa yoyenera kuti makilogalamu 4-5 wa urea. A chisakanizo cha udzu ndi mchewere kusakaniza ndi kusiya kwa theka la ola kukoka. Mu kaundula kormosmesej kuganizira ndi udzu khalidwe. Akhakula otsika mtengo yozizira tirigu udzu ndi rye ntchito osapitirira 45% ya kulemera okwana kusakaniza. ng'ombe zake kupereka okha kuti makilogalamu 5 pa tsiku. Mphasa mapira, balere, Mapila, nandolo, testis udzu kuphatikizapo kuti 55-60% ya kulemera okwana kusakaniza. Kanyumba udzu ili pa youma Sikoyenera mu osiyanasiyana makilogalamu 7-8 pa ng'ombe patsiku.

Moyikirapo chakudya ndi zina  

Mbewu za udzu ndi zomera zake akhoza kupulumutsa kwambiri chakudya mtengo. Mukhoza kukolola mbewu za masamba a m'tchire: Kinoya, chotchezera, lunguzi, barnyardgrass, nandolo mbewa, bindweed, sharitsy, burdock, camelina, mabungwe Manica. Komanso, mbewu ndi mitengo ya zipatso :. Oak, mgoza, mumamera basswood, Elm, phulusa, chikasu mthethe, phulusa, elderberry, viburnum, hawthorn, ndolo Birch neri Al zipatso zokwana ndi kavalo mgoza akhoza kudyetsedwa kwa ziweto zonse mu boma yaiwisi monga isanafike akuwukha ndi umapezeka, komanso chakudya. Good kuti athe pogaya iwo mu ufa coarse, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu osakaniza ndi masamba akugwa kapena udzu. makilogalamu mmodzi wa zouma lonse kapena milled ndi chipolopolo ndipo lili 1,15 cupule zipatso zokwana chakudya. u, chifukwa cha ichi sikutheka overfeed nyama chakudya chopatsa thanzi mkulu mu mafuta ndi chakudya. Pali ayamikira yoyenera.

Pali malo ambiri chuma sanali ochiritsira chakudya ndi nkhalango ndi angakwanitse ndi zomwe a sayansi ndi mchitidwe kulola tiziganizira zinyalala matabwa monga gwero zingamuthandize a zipangizo za ulimi wa zosiyanasiyana chakudya ndi zina, zimene zofuna ziweto.

Tikumbukenso kuti chakudya atsopano kwakukulukulu wachinsinsi, anaphunzira zikuchokera awo, zakudya mtengo, ayamikira ntchito mu Buku ndi mabuku luso. Kagwiridwe ndi yodalirika ndi luso chopezera onse chakudya pamwamba, zida luso kwambiri ntchito angakwanitse pafupifupi ogwira ntchito iliyonse.