Zilandiridwenso WANGA Lermontov. ndakatulo wotchuka Lermontov a

30s anakhala nthawi yovuta m'mbiri ya m'zaka za m'ma XIX. Kuphedwa kwa Decembrists linasintha kukhala okhwima anachita, zomwe zinachititsa kuti mwapang'onopang'ono kuchepa maganizo zauzimu. Iwo anali pa nthawi imeneyi wayamba kuwomba mokweza mawu a ndakatulo wamng'ono, M. Yu. Lermontova, wotchedwa ndi m'malo woyenera A. S. Pushkina. ndime Lermontov a - Ndi kuyesa kupendanso mbiri ndi zenizeni, kuukira motsutsa despotism unakhazikitsidwa mu dziko, waukali kudzudzula muno amene akuvutika mwakachetechete zoipa ndi kupondereza mphamvu.

Tiyeni kukumbukira ndakatulo otchuka Lermontov, muyaya iye alembedwa dzina lake mu mbiri ya mabuku Russian zachikhalidwe.

"Kupalasa"

Pamene izi chifukwa mu malo oyamba kumbukirani ntchito lyric olembedwa St. Petersburg mu 1832. Iyo inali nthawi yovuta kwambiri kwa mnyamata wa khumi - anali angochoka Moscow University ndipo akukonzekera moyo watsopano, amene Komabe, akhadikhira pang'ono zosangalatsa. Chisokonezo ndi kumverera njakata amayambitsidwa moyo wa mizere ndakatulo akuti: "A White kupalasa Gleams ..." ... N'zovuta kupeza munthu amene si bwino mavesi amenewa wotchuka Lermontov a. Kawirikawiri, amaoneka kuti timasonyeza wolemba pa moyo wake wa m'tsogolo. Mu lirilonse la zitatu ndime ziwiri ndime yoyamba munali malo sewero, zimene taphunzira maganizo boma m'nyimbo. Ndipo nyanja kale nawo anthu, ndi kupalasa pamwamba pake - mzimu wopanduka. Cholinga atongi wa ndakatuloyi amakhala m'nyimbo kusungulumwa, chipulumutso chimene iye akuyesera kuti apeze nkhondo, monga kupalasa, ndi kumenyana ndi nyengo. Koma pofuna izi zinalephereka - chifukwa chikhalidwe ichi kwagona munthuyo.

Kudzatenga zaka, ndi moyo wa ndakatulo ndi sanapeze bata, zonse kukhala wosamvera ndipo kopanda mnyamata.

"Imfa a mlakatuli Ndi"

Kutchuka ndi kugwirizana - izi ndi zimene anabweretsa 1937 achinyamata ndakatulo za ndakatulo wotchuka kwambiri. Mikhail Lermontov masiku ochepa aphunzira mbali zonse zapamwamba wa Russia monga munthu amene analimba mtima kutsutsa mphamvu alipo. Ndipo mu mabwalo bwalo, nthawi yomweyo anatembenukira kwa mlembi wa "akudyerera dissent" mpaka mapeto a moyo wake unali Kukhwimitsa pafupi ndi kufufuza Mfumu (iye sanalole kuti mphoto ya "wopanduka" Olemekezedwa nkhondo mphoto).

Chiyambi cha ndakatulo linalembedwa tsiku lotsatira pambuyo duel Pushkin a. Ndipo tsiku lina - nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa imfa ya ndakatulo wa - atha mozungulira Petersburg imalemba. Pambuyo pa mlandu anapitiriza Dantes anaonekera kuti akuyamba ndakatulo wotchuka - Lermontov kuti "Imfa ya ndakatulo" anatumizidwa ku Caucasus - "Ndipo inu, ana amwano ...".

Mbiri ndi chikhalidwe tanthauzo la ntchito anatsimikiza makamaka chifukwa chakuti mmenemo wolemba anayesera kupanga lingaliro la tsoka zomvetsa chisoni Pushkin wolemba ndakatulo konse. Iye zikuchititsa kuti imfa ya namatetule pa anthu, mwachindunji kuitana Dantes "wambanda" ndiponso "latsopano" apamwamba - "wodzikuza" ndi "zoipa". Pabwaloli si okhoza kupirira ndakatulo otchuka Lermontov: "Ndipo inu siudzatsuka magazi ndakatulo magazi anu olungama onse!". Mikhail Yurevich yoyamba ija ndipo anatuma ku Caucasus asilikali.

"Tuchkov"

ndakatulo iyi, kunena za nthawi mochedwa mu ndakatulo iyi, ali prehistory ake. Mu 1840, pamaso kuchoka wotsatira kwa Caucasus, Lermontov anaima pa zenera mu St. Petersburg nyumba Karamzins napenya kuti lofufuma kwambiri mbali imodzi ya dziko lapansi pa thambo ndi mitambo. Anamuona chithunzi yokakamiza wolemba ndakatulo kuganiza za tsoka lawo. Posachedwapa anachoka St. Petersburg, anthu okondedwa kwa iye. N'chifukwa chake njira yaikulu mu mankhwala, kuphatikizapo ndakatulo wotchuka Lermontov: "Tuchkov wakumwamba, akuyendayenda wosatha ..." - anali poyerekeza. Omwe tsogolo ndakatulo anaona wosakhazikika chomwecho ndipo kopanda monga matupi awa zakuthambo. Choncho tanthauzo la ukapolo ndi kumverera muyaya wosweka kugwirizana ndi Mama awo. okhumudwa, ndi njira, anali ankaikira ambiri a m'nthawi yake Lermontov, amene anakulira 30s kovuta ndipo 40s.

Koma ngwazi m'nyimbo zina kuzindikira ndi ozizira ndi osayanjanitsika tuchkami. Mosiyana, ndi chibadidwe kumverera kwawo, zomwe n'zosatheka adzawonongedwa. Mu masomphenya awa, ndi nzeru zaumunthu subtext: Chilengedwe free, koma tsogolo la ndakatulo manyazi zikudalira pa chisankho cha apolisi.

"K ***" ( "Ine sindine otsika kwa inu ...,")

Pali Lermontov ndi mzere pansi pamtima za chikondi. Angapo a iwo zoyenera N. F. Ivanovoy, kumene Mikhail anachita chidwi ali aang'ono. Komabe, iye sanali kumvetsa mmene lofuna mnyamata, ndipo mpaka muyaya kuchichepetsa chikhulupiriro chake mwa akazi. Chifukwa cha chikondi unrequited nakhala ndakatulo "Kuti ***" zinalembedwa 1832. Mlembi wake umasiyana oyera moona maganizo chinyengo chinyengo, ndi chiyembekezo cha chimwemwe - kwambiri kukhumudwa. Izi ndi aya za chikondi Lermontov. Wotchuka mizere: "Ndani akudziwa, mwinamwake mphindi zimene zidapita pa mapazi anu, Andibera kudzoza!" Makamaka kutumikira maganizo a ndakatulo iyi, kudzipereka kwa kulemba.

"Kusinkhasinkha Lermontov - ndakatulo wake"

Iye anati ntchito za Mikhail Yurevich Herzen. Mu moyo wake waufupi wolemba ndakatulo analemba oposa mazana anayi ndakatulo lyric. Izi "Borodino" ndi "maganizo" ndinso "Ndiyenera kupita yekha panjira," ndi "Pemphero" ... N'zovuta kusankha chinthu chimodzi, pakuti uliwonse wa iwo mokwanira yothandiza mndandanda wa ntchito yabwino ndakatulo mabuku Russian.