Zilembo za Ceramic: kuchulukitsitsa, kulemera, mitundu ndi cholinga

Kwa zaka zingapo, matabwa a ceramic anapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono, zomwe zinagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zotsatirazi:

• Glaze;
• Clay;
• Madzi.

Kusakaniza pambuyo popangidwa kunkapezeka kutentha kwakukulu. Miyala yamakono yamakono, kuchuluka kwa zomwe zidzatchulidwe pansipa, ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi mchenga wa quartz, dongo, komanso zinthu zina, zolimbikitsidwa ndi kuthamangitsidwa panthawi yopanga. Mukhoza kugawa gawo ili kumapeto:

• Kutukwa;
• Osakanizidwa;
• Matt;
• Zosangalatsa.

Mpaka lero, kuyika makoma ndi pansi kumakhala njira yabwino kwambiri komanso yokometsera yosamalira zipinda. Chokongoletsera ichi ndi chikhalidwe cha khitchini ndi bafa, ndipo mkati mwa zipinda zowonjezera mumaphatikizapo zowonjezera, zomwe zimapezeka muzipinda zogona ndi zipinda. Zilembo zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazithunzi za kunja, komanso kukongoletsa nyumba za anthu.

Mitundu yambiri ya matabwa a ceramic

Matabwa a ceramic, GOST yomwe imapereka kutsata malamulo a zopangidwe zamakono, imagawidwa m'magulu akuluakulu, pakati pawo:

• Galaite ya Ceramic (miyala yachitsulo) ;
• Chosowa;
• Kusinkhira;
• Tile yophika limodzi;
• Tile yophika kawiri.

Koma miyala ya ceramic kapena miyala yamtengo wapatali, ndi mankhwala omwe amapangidwa molingana ndi imodzi ya matekinoloje atsopano. Tikhoza kunena kuti zida zamatabwa zimakhala ngati malo apamwamba kwambiri a chitukuko cha ceramic tile.

Miyala yowukuta ndi yosasunthidwa imayimilidwa ndi khungu, yomwe imapezeka ndi extrusion. Zipangizozi zimagwedezedwa kudzera mu nkhungu, ndipo nthawi zina zinthu zimapangidwa ndi kukakamiza.

Mipira yawiri ndi imodzi yosakaniza ndizopangidwa zomwe zimapangidwa mogwirizana ndi njira yakale kwambiri yomaliza. Dothi losakaniza ladothi likugwedezeka, kutenthedwa ndi kutentha, ndiyeno glaze imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba, pamapeto pake tile imachotsedwa kachiwiri.

GOST ya matabwa a ceramic

Tile ya Ceramic, GOST imasinthidwa nthawi zonse, imayenera kugonjetsedwa ndi kusweka, kutentha, kutentha kwa chisanu komanso kusagwira. Zizindikiro zafotokozedwe ndi zizindikiro zina zomwe zimasinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi, zimaperekedwa mu miyezo yathu 6141 ndi 13996. Pakati pazidziwitso zomwe zamasulidwa, izi ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa:

• №6141-91;
• Ayi. 6787-2001;
• № 13996-93.

Malinga ndi malamulo a boma ndi malamulo, matabwa a ceramic ayenera kuphatikizapo:

• Mchenga wa Quartz;
• Clay;
• Feldspars;
• Mafuta.

Choyamba chimayambitsa mafupa a mankhwalawa, pamene dongo limapanga mapulasitiki ndi mawonekedwe ake. Ponena za carbonates ndi feldspars, iwo ali ndi udindo wa mamasukidwe akayendedwe a mankhwalawa, izi ndi zomwe zimapereka kutsirizitsa ndi kutentha.

Kulemera kwa matabwa a ceramic

Kulemera kwa tile ya ceramic kudzasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa zinthu. Misa imakhudzidwa ndi coefficient of porosity ndi kuchuluka. Malinga ndi izi, matabwa a ceramic akhoza kupatulidwa mosiyanasiyana mu mitundu yambiri, pakati pa matabwawo ayenera kufotokozedwa. Iye ndi wophweka kwambiri.

Ndili ndi miyeso ya tile yowonongeka, yomwe ingakhale yofanana ndi 20x30 kapena 30x30 masentimita, kulemera kwake kwa mita imodzi kudzasintha kuchokera 11 mpaka 16 kg. Zitsulo zopangira zitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potsirizira makompyuta. Pankhaniyi, kulemera kwake kwa mita imodzi kudzafanana ndi malire a 20 mpaka 30 kg. Ogula nthawi zambiri amafunikanso kulemera kwa matabwa a ceramic. Pankhani ya miyala yamakono, imakhala yochepa kwambiri ya piritsi, motero, misa yokongola, yomwe ili yofanana ndi malire a makilogalamu 20 mpaka 70 pa mita imodzi iliyonse.

Kutalika kwakukulu kwa zomangamanga zachitsulo zimakhala zosiyana, chifukwa cha izi zolemera zawo zimatha kufika makilogalamu 90 pa mita imodzi. Malingana ndi mwala wa chilengedwe womwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chophimba cha ceramic, kulemera kwake kumafika pa makilogalamu 150 pa mita imodzi.

Cholinga cha matabwa a ceramic

Matabwa a ceramic, kukula kwake komwe kungakhale kosiyana, kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza malo ndi kunja kwa nyumba. Pachiyambi choyamba ndi funso la zinthu zopangidwa pansi, komanso zimapangidwanso. Zimasonyeza mbali zonse zabwino zomwe zimagwira ntchito ku khitchini komanso m'makontara, kumene malowa amakhala ovuta kwambiri.

Zomwe zafotokozedwazo zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonzanso malo a anthu, apa ndikofunikira kuti muziphatikizapo maiko ndi masitolo. Pokumbukira cholinga cha matabwa a ceramic, tingadziwikenso kuti imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga pogona ndi khoma, koma mutha kukwanitsa kuthetsa ntchitoyi kunja. Mwala wambiri wa ceramic umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dongosolo:

• Kuloka pamtsinje;
• Masaka;
• Chithunzi;
• Malo osungirako;
• Ndege;
• Mapulogalamu.

Matabwa a ceramic, kuchuluka kwake komwe kudzatchulidwa pansipa, ayenera kukhala ndi khalidwe lapamwamba la chisanu kukana. Zogulitsa zoterezi zimatulutsidwa ndi matayala a emamelled ndi kutsika madzi pang'ono.

Zida zina za matabwa a ceramic pa chitsanzo cha miyala yachitsulo

Zilembo za Ceramic, zomwe zingapangidwe 1400 makilogalamu / mamita ³ , zimapezekanso kuti zigulitsidwe ngati miyala yamatabwa. Mphamvu yake yofanana ndi 2400 kg / m ³ . Izi zimakhala zofanana ndi mphamvu ya galasi. Kutsutsana kwa mphepo kumapeto kwake kumakhala ngati chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zofunika, zomwe zimapangitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina kunja kwa malo. Aliyense wa mitundu ya miyala yamwala akhoza kupirira mpaka 50 masentimita a kuzizizira ndi kutuluka. Kutentha kwa madzi a granite kuli kochepa, ndi pafupifupi 3%. Komabe, monga momwe amasonyezera, izi zimakhala zosiyana ndi 0.05 mpaka 0,5%.

Kutsiliza

Poganizira za matabwa a ceramic, tingadziŵe kuti ndi osagonjetsedwa komanso osagonjetsedwa. Zinthuzo zimakhala zosagwira chisanu, zimapangitsa kuti chinyezi chisachepetse, ndipo pakati pazinthu zina zowonjezera nkofunika kusiyanitsa kusagwira ntchito. Pogwiritsiridwa ntchito, zakuthupi zimakhala ndi kusala kwa mtundu. Pogwiritsa ntchito matabwa a ceramic pansi, mungagwiritse ntchito zovuta, chifukwa kutsekedwa sikuchotsedwa.