Lycopodium clavatum: moyo adzizungulira, kapangidwe ndi kubalana

Lycopodium clavatum (balati. Lycopodium clavatum) opezeka mu paini ndi nkhalango losanganikirana. Woonda yobiriwira mphukira herbaceous korona spikes wandiweyani. Koma uwu si inflorescence, chifukwa Moss - apamwamba spore zomera ndi konse limamasula. Kubereka ndi mkombero moyo ndi mbali yapadera kugwirizana ndi magwero wakale wa gulu. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito mbali ndi kapangidwe ka Lycopodium clavatum.

moyo malasha

Mu a Paleozoic nyengo nkhalango horsetails treelike, kalabu ndere ndi Mumapezekanso kuphimba expanses lalikulu la dziko. M'kupita kwa nthawi, magulu awa a zamoyo kwa kafalitsidwe zimene zimafunika madzi mu kukapanda kuleka-zamadzimadzi mawonekedwe, n'kuyamba zomera kwambiri kusintha - gymnosperms ndi maluwa. Sapulumuka zimakuvutani kupulumuka mtengo club ndere - lepidodendrons ndi sigillaria, akafika msinkhu wa mamita 40, koma limene lachititsa ndi matabwa wamphamvu khala m'madera ena a dziko .. zomera makono a banja Lycopodiaceae yosiyana mu maonekedwe ndi carboxylic zomera zosangalala, koma iwo anatengera njira la kubalana ndi mkombero chitukuko cha makolo awo akale.

Chifukwa mbewu wotchedwa "Moss"?

Ku malo apachiyambi za ubwenzi mmodzi wa magawo mu mkombero moyo wa Lycopodium - prothallia - kuyamba kukula zokwawa zimayambira wobiriwira. Pa wozungulira, iwo akadali aang'ono, palibe makutu n'ngopatsirana n'kupanga, ndi mphete chapakati - atha wake. Zikuoneka kuti Lycopodium clavatum akamayendetsa nkhalango. Izi ndi chifukwa ukusintha mosalekeza ndi kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano. Mbali akhala sangazindikire, ndipo anthu Asilavo anapatsa "akuyandama" mbewu dzina "Moss" (mchenga wotitimira). N'zochititsa chidwi chiyambi cha dzina Latin wa mtundu Moss. Iwo amagwirizana ndi mawu German "nkhandwe ndi mphamvu." Kotero mu masiku akale anawatcha Moss mu Germany. Mu XVI m'ma mawu linamasuliridwa Latin, zinali zotsatira Licopodium. anthu osiyana mu dzina Moss "Lycopodium", "wolfberry".

Features Moss

Choyambirira ndi wakale kwambiri zomera amapezeka mu zone ya nkhalango ya kumpoto ndi kum'mwera Hemispheres. Ndodo ya Lycopodium, umene Lycopodium clavatum, analipo mu nkhalango ya Paleozoic miliyoni 350 zaka zapitazo. zizindikiro zambiri amasonyeza kuti gulu ili pang'onopang'ono kuchepa mphamvu. Koma dongosolo la Moss ali mbali ya gulu apamwamba poyerekeza ndi Moss. Kodi kuwadziwa pa chitsanzo Lycopodium clavatum.

Zizindikiro oyambirira:

• dichotomous nthambi;
• Phyllotaxy mwauzimu.

Features zomera apamwamba ndi Lycopodium:

• kusiyanitsidwa minofu;
• leafy herbaceous zimayambira;
• kwenikweni mizu.

Mbali khalidwe - mikrofiliya kugwirizana ndi magwero a masamba padziko outgrowths tsinde.

Kapangidwe ka Lycopodium clavatum

Onse osatha (asexual siteji) amawoneka fluffy kupatukira kuika masamba ang'ono. Ali ndi liniya-lanceolate, aliyense kutha ndi Chimaona kwambiri woyera tsitsi. Lycopodium clavatum ali zimayambira yaitali ndiponso yowonda zokwawa. Mtundu uwu wa chingwe wamoyo kufika kutalika kuchokera 1 mpaka 4 m. Chinayamba othamanga akwera mbali (50 cm) kwa izo. Taproot, pali adventitious yekha kuti mmera zaikidwa pansi. Long miyendo woonda ndi masamba ochepa ku tsinde la kukhala ndi thickening pamwamba pa athawe. Izi spikes chonde ndi mawonekedwe cylindrical, ndi kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 4. Childs zinapezedwa magulu awiri n'kukhala atatu kapena anayi. M'njira za m'mphuno zili sporolistikov sporangia. Aliyense wa m'mapaketi aang'ono amenewa wodzazidwa ndi spores.

Kapangidwe ka gametophyte ndi

Lycopodium clavatum spores kungadzutse gametophyte, kapena prothallia. Kapangidwe ka Lycopodium clavatum panthawi imeneyi sikumawonekera chomera osatha, monga ife anazolowera kuona. Sporophyte ukufika millimeter zoposa chimodzi awiri. Iwo zarostok - chodabwitsa afika pa moyo wa zomera, koma kofunika kwambiri. Ngati mikangano ndi zinthu zoipa, iwo nthawi yaitali sangapereke pakhale latsopano chamoyo. Paokha kuyamwa zakudya tosaoneka gametophyte sitingakhoze, iye amagwiritsa ntchito "misonkhano" wa bowa nthaka. Ngati mikangano mwamsanga kumera padziko, translucent zarostok amakhala wotumbululuka wobiriwira mtundu ndi amatha photosynthesis. The gametophyte kukula zinthu mofulumira yabwino. Mu maphunziro apadera zimachitika gametes kugonana. Female - dzira - lalikulu ndi immobile. Amuna - umuna - yaing'ono, munkakhala michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana, ndi kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga. maselo okhwima nyongolosi pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana. maselo amuna kusamukira mazira zimafuna m'malovu madzi. Pa confluence a gamete umuna kumachitika. The zygote akuyamba kugawanitsa, tingadzifunse maselo zimakhala za sporophyte m'tsogolo.

Lifecycle Lycopodium clavatum

Tiyeni zinayambira zomera kuchokera mkangano kuti chomera wamkulu. "Lycopodium clavatum" Zimenezi ndi zimene amatha kuona mu nkhalango kapena pa chithunzi. The m'mapaketi, sporangia spikelets yotentha zimapsa ndalama yaikulu spores chokhala ufa koma wachikasu. Taganizirani kapangidwe ka fumbi zitha kukhala pansi maso a. Mankhwala kusanthula kusonyeza zili zofunika kwambiri za masamba awa mafuta. Anatsanulira mikangano mu July ndi August, yotengekatengeka ndi mphepo mwa nkhalango ndi amafalitsidwa lycopodium. M'nthaka, kumera akuyamba m'mikhalidwe yabwino. Anapanga zarostok-gametophyte, chokhala yaing'ono mtola-chinachake. Kugonana kubalana clavate Lycopodium - ndi gawo wapakatikati mu mayendedwe amoyo, kuonetsetsa zosiyanasiyana chibadwa. Pambuyo mapangidwe gametes ndi umuna limapezeka pa tosaoneka prothallia sporophyte. matabwa ake ndi kale zotheka kuwona woonda wobiriwira tsinde ndi masamba. Anapulumutsa iri yofulumira kuwala ndipo kumbuyo - pansi m'nthaka. Moss kwambiri zimafalitsidwa vegetatively njira - aliyense chikwapu ndi zake mizu, apulumuke popanda mbewu mayi.

Othandiza ntchito Lycopodium

Mu ntchito mankhwala chomera spores, lotchedwa Lycopodium. The zopangira pamodzi kuthengo, ntchito yokonza ufa mwana ndi odana bedsore. Lycopodium lili:

• mafuta;
• mapuloteni;
• polysaccharides;
• sitosterol;
• asidi phenolcarboxylic;
• mchere.

Folk ochiritsa kuzindikira bala machiritso luso Lycopodium, akulimbikitsidwa amayaka, frostbite. Therere ali katundu odana ndi yotupa ndi ntchito matenda a ziwalo zosiyanasiyana ndi kachitidwe. Mawonekedwe akunja a mankhwala kuchokera spores wa lycopodium thandizo ndi chikanga, zithupsa, nsungu. Ndi mankhwala, Lycopodium ayenera idzachitika pa malangizo ndi kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala.

amafuna zachilengedwe

Zimayambira Lycopodium pang'onopang'ono "kufalitsa" mu gawo la kumera koyamba mkangano. Luso mapangidwe awo mu mbewu limapezeka pa chaka 15-30-TH wa moyo. Zarostok kumwalira sitepe ya mapangidwe mphukira ndi mizu. Avilable clavate Lycopodium ndi kubalana ake anatsimikiza malo a zomera kugawa. Undemanding nthaka pamafunika m'malovu madzi umuna mu gawo kugonana. wotere Moss zopezeka m'madera ambiri ndi mayiko, kuphatikizapo Russia, Belarus, Ukraine. mmera anapeza makamaka pa dothi mchenga mu nkhalango kuwala pine. Osachepera - mu wosanganiza ndi deciduous. M'zaka za m'ma hafu pasiti chiwerengero cha Lycopodium ali utachepa kwambiri. Vuto lina ndi resumption a osiyanasiyana amagwirizana ndi mapangidwe wozengereza makutu n'ngopatsirana kupanga. Mu nkhalango mphukira vegetative angapezeke zambiri kuposa zobereka. Komanso, nthawi zina zinthu yoyenera spore kumera. Iwo akhoza kufa kwa madzi m'thupi kapena zaka musataye pakhale gametophyte. Ichi ndi mbali chabe ya nkhani zachilengedwe kugwirizana ndi zomera wamkulu pa Dziko Lapansi. Mwina kubwereza tsoka oyandikana pa dziko mmbuyo mu Paleozoic - lepidodendrons ndi sigillaria.

Kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, kusintha kwa mitunda ulimi mu kungasokoneze kugonana ndi asexual kubalana clavate Lycopodium. Iwo anagwira chitetezo chilichonse zingapo za limati US komwe mmera ankaona yosowa thandizo la chitetezo.