Zimfundo Kukula mbewu yowona: luso, malamulo

A chimake wamba mbewu ya nyumba, nyumba ndi zokutira mapangidwe mafakitale ndi kwambiri kanthu makina ndi simenti. Nkhani yomwe zigawo izi ndi phunziro kwa shrinkage ndipo ali ndi kukana otsika mapindikidwe, kotero kuti ming'alu zimachitika. Kupewa mobwerezabwereza kukonza mabala yokumba mu nyumba ya monolithic. Mwachitsanzo, patsogolo olowa mu simenti, mu mpanda wa nyumba, madenga, milatho.

Kodi iwo kuti?

Konkire pansi limapezeka kupanga olimba maziko. Komabe, mchikakamizo cha kusintha kutentha, ndondomeko shrinkage, chinyezi mpweya katundu ntchito, nthaka kuthetsa anataya kukhulupirika kwake - zimayamba osokoneza.

Kubweretsa mlingo wa elasticity wa kapangidwe ka nyumbayi, kulenga mfundo Kukula mbewu yowona. SNiP2.03.13-88 gawo thereto ndi uli ndi mfundo za ziyeneretso za kapangidwe ndi ntchito yomanga apansi zikusonyeza discontinuity zofunika screed chipangizo, wosanjikiza chimapangitsa kapena ❖ kuyanika, amene amatipatsa kusamutsidwa wachibale zigawo zosiyana.

mbali yofunika kwambiri yakuti:

• Kuchepetsa mapindikidwe mwadzidzidzi ndi kugawa monolithic mbale chifukwa nambala inayake ya makadi.
• Luso kupewa kukonza wapatali m'malo a wosemera malaya m'munsi.
• Kuchuluka kukana kuti katundu zazikulu.
• Kupereka kwake zaphindu maziko.

The mitundu ikuluikulu: ndi kutchinjiriza msoko

Kufutukuka zimfundo mu mbewu yowona, malingana kopita kwawo lagawidwa mitundu itatu: kutchinjiriza, zomangamanga ndi kuotcha.

Kutchinjiriza amacheka anapangidwa Mphambano zinthu structural chipinda. Ndiko kuti, iwo ali ndi msoko wapakatikati pakati pa makoma, kukhazikika zida, mizati ndi simenti. Izi zimathandiza kupewa shrinkage ming'alu auzidwa m'malo woyenera zinthu yopingasa ndi ofukula chipinda. Ngati tinyalanyaza kukhazikitsidwa awo, screed uphwetsa ndi wotsikirapo buku ndi okhwima lokhazikika khoma Mwachitsanzo, mwina osokoneza.

Pamodzi makoma, mizati ndi malo kumene simenti ndi m'mphepete mwa zina zapansi, izo amalenga zokutira zitsulo olowa. mizati Komanso pafupi msoko ndi kudula nkhope sanali yomweyi membala columnar, ndi kuti pa ngodya mizati udzayesedwa molunjika odulidwa.

Ankaona mawonekedwe msoko wodzazidwa ndi chimateteza zipangizo akhoza kulola yopingasa ndi ofukula gulu la coupler wachibale maziko, mizati ndi mpanda. msoko makulidwe zimadalira patsogolo liniya wa screed ndipo pafupifupi 13 mm.

Main mitundu: kuotcha msoko

Ngati kutchinjiriza mfundo kuteteza mapindikidwe wa analimbitsa simenti mu malo kukhudzana ake ndi makoma, ndiye usachite amacheka ndi zofunika popewa wachisokonezo akulimbana konkire pamwamba lonse. Kuti ndi kuteteza zinawonongedwa ndi shrinkage zakuthupi. Monga atayanika konkire kunsi, zikuoneka mkati voteji opangidwa ndi oipa wosanjikiza chapamwamba.

The zida zimfundo Kukula mbewu yowona ya mtundu umenewu amapezeka pamodzi ndi nkhwangwa mizati, momwe anagwirizana zigawo ndi ngodya pa seams wozungulira. Khadi kuti ndi mbali ya screed ndi, okha kumbali zonse ndi kuotcha mafupa akhale lalikulu, ayenera kupeŵa L-mphako ndi elongated amakona anayi mtundu uliwonse. Ntchito akutsatiridwa onse pa kuika simenti mothandizidwa ndi kutchukitsa ndodo ndi mfundo yamazinga pambuyo kuyanika screed.

Mwina akulimbana mwachindunji njila kwa kukula kwa mapu. The zochepa pansi danga, zochepa mfundo shrinkage, ndi Mwina akulimbana ndi kochepa. Atengeke kupsyinjika ndi kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino pachimake pogona, choncho kupewa yopuma konkire mu malo monga zofunika kudula sutures kuotcha mtundu.

The mitundu ikuluikulu: structural olowa

Izi chitetezo jointless apansi analenga pamene kusokonezeka sayansi. Kupatulapo Chipinda ndi malo ochepa a kukhuta ndi zizipezeka konkire. Kufutukuka olowa mu mbewu yowona constructional mtundu Kadulidwa pa mfundo zikulumikizana pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Fomu mapeto a chotero pawiri analengedwa ndi mtundu wa "munga-poyambira". Features chitetezo structural:

• msoko The zoti pa mtunda wa mamita 1.5 mu kufanana ndi kawambidwe kena mapindikidwe kusiyana.
• Izo analengedwa kokha pamene atagona konkire pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana za tsiku.
• malekezero a mawonekedwe ziyenela kuchitidwa mu "lilime ndi poyambira".
• Pakuti makulidwe a screed cm 20, chulucho ndi madigiri 30 kumbali ya ledges matabwa. Amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo cones.
• Phirilo seams kuteteza screed ku mosinthana zazing'ono horizontally.

zimfundo Kukula apansi konkire nyumba mafakitale

Kuchuluka avale kukana zofunika apansi amene anaika m'mafakitale, malo, ndi maofesi ena mafakitale. Ichi ndi chifukwa kuoneka osiyana mwamphamvu chikoka kanthu makina (kayendedwe ka magalimoto oyenda pansi, kuwonongeka kwa zinthu molimba kugwa) ndi ingress zotheka madzi pansi.

Childs, mbali structural ndi pansi screed ndi chikuto. Koma pansi screed ndi wosanjikiza vutoli, imene Baibulo okhwima anaika konkire. Kadulidwa mbali zosiyana perpendicular kudzera msoko wa 6-12 m, 40 mm mozama ndi osachepera 1/3 ya makulidwe a wosanjikiza chimapangitsa (SNP 2.03.13-88). Kuvomerezedwa chofunika - mwamwayi kupsyinjika pansi msoko ndi mipata chomwecho chitetezo cha nyumbayi.

Chinthu chapadera cha nyumba yazokonza pansi mu nyumba mafakitale ndi kupereka pamwamba wosanjikiza konkire. Malinga ndi mphamvu ya makina kanthu osiyana ❖ kuyanika kapangidwe makulidwe. Ndi makulidwe a 50 mm kapena kuwonjezeka kwambiri zimfundo mu mbewu yowona (SNP "mbewu" p.8.2.7) analengedwa mu yopingasa ndi kotenga malangizo ndi kubwerezabwereza zinthu 3-6 m. Res Anazindikira 3-5 mm, kuya ake sali zosakwana 40 mamilimita kapena wachitatu wa makulidwe ❖ kuyanika.

Zimafunika kupanga mapindikidwe chitetezo apansi

propyl konkire ziyenela kuchitidwa wodula mu masiku awiri oipa. Kuya kwa mabala molingana ndi malamulo a 1/3 kakakulu konkire. Wosanjikiza chimapangitsa akhale malo ananena misozi pamaso kuthira konkire ntchito slats ankachitira ndi odana guluu wolimba, amene pambuyo cha kuwuma kwa chuma kuchotsedwa ndi chifukwa analandira seams zozitetezera.

Mbali m'munsi mwa makoma ndipo malinga ndi kutalika kwa makulidwe tsogolo ❖ kuyanika ayenera Matani adagulung'undisa pepala zipangizo kumatira kapena foamed polyethylene. Mu malo amenewo kumene ntchito limapereka mfundo Kukula mbewu yowona. kudula luso akuyamba ndi kuchonga choko ndi wolamulira amaika misozi yokumba.

Chizindikiro ndi yake kudula mayeso china chotulutsa: Ngati mbewu aggregates sindimalekana wa simenti, ndi tadulidwa ndi tsamba wodula, ndiye chilengedwe zimfundo kuwonjezeka ali olondola.

Processing sutures

Normal ntchito kwa olowa zimatheka mwa kusindikiza ake. Kusindikiza mfundo Kukula mbewu yowona akuyendera ntchito zipangizo zotsatirazi:

• Waterstop - Mzere profiled zopangidwa mphira, polyethylene kapena PVC, chagona pa kuthira screed konkire;
• Anatsekera chingwe foamed poliyesitala yaikidwa mu kagawo, ndipo pamene madontho kutentha akuzisunga elasticity ake, kulola magalimoto otetezeka konkire msewu;
• Akiliriki, polyurethane, lalabala utomoni wonunkhira;
• The mapindikidwe mbiri ongokhala jombo ndi zitsulo njanji. Kodi Integrated kapena pamwamba.

Pamaso wosindikiza pamwamba machitidwe a mipata ayenera kutsukidwa ndi kutsukidwa ndi wothinikizidwa mpweya (a kompresa). Komanso, kuonjezera moyo utumiki wa mbewu yowona zofunika anaumitsa wosanjikiza pamwamba topping kapena zinthu polyurethane.

zikhalidwe za chilengedwe

zimfundo Kukula mbewu yowona (monolithic) amakhala kuvomerezedwa pansi zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Screed okwana m'dera pamwamba 40 m2.
2. Zovuta pansi kasinthidwe.
3. Opaleshoni ya pansi pogona pa kutentha okwera.
4. Kutalika kwa nthiti (chimodzi chokha) dongosolo la pansi koposa 8 m.

zimfundo Kukula mbewu yowona: malamulo

Pomaliza, chifukwa amafuna kuti chipangizo mipata chitetezo apansi konkire malinga ndi malamulo a.

Underlayment ayenera mapindikidwe mabala perpendicular kwa wina ndi mzake ndi phula mamita 6 mpaka 12. The msoko akuthamanga akuya masentimita 4 ndi makulidwe a gawo lachitatu la msewu simenti kapena underlayment.

Pamene makulidwe a ❖ kuyanika konkire 50 mm kapena zambiri kuwonjezeka olowa analengedwa mu yopingasa ndi kotenga malangizo ndi kubwerezabwereza iliyonse mamita 3-6. Mabala awa lifanane ndi matabwa a slabs pansi, ndi nkhwangwa mizati, ndi mipata mapindikidwe mu wosanjikiza chimapangitsa. Kudula m'lifupi ndi 3-5 mm.

Propyl ikuchitika masiku awiri pambuyo mayikidwe a konkire. Anatsekera mabala chitetezo ikuchitika ndi zingwe wapadera ndi mankhwala ena omatira.