Mankhwala m'munda maginito. mogwirizana maginito ndi thunthu

Ndi angati zochitika osadziŵika ndi zinsinsi sanathetsedwe kubisa lathuli! Koma anthu chidwi Earth cha m'ma chimodzi kuphunzira malamulo, kuyetsa, kuti mukupanga, kutengapo maganizo ndi ntchito zoyambitsa zawo. Zinsinsi za chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe zonse zimakopa anthu, kuwathamangitsa zatsopano onse atsopano mu kufufuza choonadi ndi umboni uliwonse. Chimodzi cha zinsinsi izi ndi khalidwe la zinthu m'munda maginito.

Woyamba kuzipenya maginito

Malinga ndi nthano, mbusa wakale, dzina lake Magnus kamodzi anapeza kuti ndodo yake ankadalira mbali zitsulo thanthwe. Iye (mwala) ndipo anadzipereka kwa chotulukira. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso china, mawu akuti "maginito" ndi chi Helene amatanthauza "mwala kuchokera Magnesia", mzinda wa Magnesia, pamene mphamvu ya maginito akhala anatulukira. Ngakhale zaka zochepa BC, ndi Chinese aona kuti ena mwa miyala ikuchitikira pamodzi mu njira yakuti iwo akhoza atembenuza momasuka zonse mutembenuzire mu njira ina.

Kodi kampasi

Woyamba wa Zimalondolera munamutcha wa magnetite supuni ndi yochepa ndodo sipangakhalenso zimayenda mozungulira bwalo. Patapita nthawi, pambuyo akusandutsa supuni, iye anayima, ndipo pakati pake penipeni wakhala analoza kumpoto. Koma magulu awa ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri motero kuti akhoza atembenuza yekha mwachisawawa Ufumuyo kampasi.

Kenako oyendetsa anaikapo maginito singano mu udzu ndi kuika mu mbale ndi madzi. Mphasa zonse zikusonyeza malangizo a kumpoto - kum'mwera. Chifukwa cha ichi, ndiye komabe unexplored chodabwitsa - mtundu wa kumunda padziko Lapansi, amene amatha bwanji zinthu mu izo, ndi kudziwa malangizo awo.

Maginito dera padziko Lapansi

Dziko lathu ndi dera anamuzungulira, amene amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya maginito, dzina lake - ndi maginito. Ngakhale Baibulo la chiyambi cha si zenizeni, koma geophysics kwenikweni ananena kuti pali maginito chifukwa zikuchokera chitsulo maziko a dziko lathuli. The kasinthasintha wa Earth kumathandiza kuti mapangidwe osungunula zachitsulo pakati mosalekeza otaya milandu magetsi, zomwe kungadzutse polya.Zemlya maginito owazungulira, motero akuchita maginito chachikulu, chimene anatani ndi Zimalondolera.

Katundu ndi chikhalidwe cha maginito ya

Maginito, monga amene mukufuna azikongoletsa firiji kapena kugwira cholembedwa mu khitchini, ndi katundu m'malo chidwi. Khalidwe la mankhwala m'munda maginito zimadalira zipangizo kulemba zinthu zimenezi. Aliyense akudziwa kuti maginito n'kudziphatika kwa chitsulo kapena zitsulo chinthu. Ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika? Lililonse maginito ali mitengo iwiri. Ngati mumachita kuyesera ndi kusunga awiri maginito pafupi pafupi wina ndi mnzake, likukhalira kuti kumpoto kwa wina amakopa zosiyana - kum'mwera - mzati wa wina. Komabe, ngati inu atumiza yemweyo maginito mzati, iwo amayembekedzera amawateteza mzake. Ma elekitironi, amene chimazungulira ndi mtima atomu ndi zoipa magetsi mlandu. Mtsinje wa particles mlandu umabala maginito kuti anaŵerama zingwe zopota lalikulu owazungulira.

Mwachitsanzo, pamene nyali ndi anayatsa, ya magetsi akamayendetsa Kulumikizana ake, ndi ma elekitironi kusuntha kwa atomu wina ndi mzake, ndi kuzungulira Kulumikizana ukapezeka chofooka maginito. Mofananamo, amphamvu maginito akubwera kuchokera mawaya mkulu voteji. Magetsi ndi nyese ndi zigawo ziwiri zinthu monga magetsi. Aliyense elekitironi Kukhazikika mukukonzeratu padziko nguli monga dziko lomwe madzulowo kanjira kake akumanga kuzungulira ka magetsi amalenga maginito mu mankhwala ake. Mankhwala m'munda maginito zinthu zosiyana.

Kodi mogwirizana maginito ndi thunthu

Mwachitsanzo, pansi pa zochitika za kuthengo maginito limapezeka pa pulasitiki komanso kakang'ono maginito aliyense wa ma atomu n'chongoletsa chifukwa choti wina mizati yawo anatilangizira madera osiyana. Koma mu ma atomu chitsulo imakonzedwa ngati kuti chuma chingathe kukhala nyese. Maatomu zili pamodzi magulu amatchedwa madambwe maginito. Aliyense ankalamulira ting'onoting'ono wapangidwa ndi mabiliyoni particles ndi minda yawo yonse maginito, ziri mbali imodzi, ndipo akhala yokha maginito ting'onoting'ono. Zidutswa chitsulo okha madambwe kulozera ku madera osiyana, kotero iwo kuletsa wina ndi mzake, ndipo payekhapayekha chitsulo si kuonetsa katundu maginito. Kuti akonze maginito madambwe onse ayenera udzakhazikitsidwe mu njira imodzi, ndiye chidutswa cha chitsulo kuti magnetize ndi anakopeka zinthu zonse zitsulo m'deralo. Kodi kupanga chitsulo pabwino madambwe mu dongosolo lomwelo? Mwachidule: tiyenera kuyika chidutswa cha chitsulo m'munda maginito. Kundanda mmodzi, madambwe ndi kufalitsidwa mu njira kumunda. Choncho iwo kukopa maatomu a madambwe zina, kukula kukula.

Posakhalitsa, zinthu zambiri izi adzalenga mzere, ndi chidutswa cha chitsulo amakhala maginito kukopa yokha iliyonse pini, misomali kapena zitsulo zina m'deralo. Choncho pali magnetization ya maginito ya nkhani za kwambiri. Koma iwo amati, ndi bwino kuona kuposa kumva zana zina. Yotero ndi ife mumasanthula chodabwitsa lapansi. Kuonetsetsa kuti?

The maginito ndi magnetization mwa mankhwala tinganene kuti Mwachitsanzo kunyumba. Chakwanira kuchita Zinthu. Tengani yaing'ono chitsulo msomali nachiyika pa firiji ndi maginito. madambwe wake munzere mofulumira, ndipo kwa kanthawi msomali udzakhala maginito, njira imene zidzakhala zosavuta atamva pini.

Khama la m'munda maginito

Kuphunzira maginito m'nkhaniyo kuphunzira mitundu iwiri ya mafunde - makrotoki ndi yaying'ono. Makrotokami ndi amene analenga zoyenda matupi mlandu macroscopic. Microcurrent amatchedwa mafunde kupita ma elekitironi mu ma atomu, mamolekyulu ndi ayoni. The maginito m'nkhaniyo kulenga minda iwiri: kunja kwa thupi analenga makrotokami ndi mkati - microcurrent anapanga.

Ambiri maginito mankhwala

Choona chidwi n'chakuti m'chilengedwe pali weniweni maginito - ndi lodestone mchere. Koma zambiri za matupi ndi munda yake maginito, komabe chongopeka analenga munthu. Zamphamvu izi ndi amene akuyimira aloyi wa neodymium, chitsulo ndi boron. Ndipo kodi chinthu maginito lero? Asayansi akwanitsa kuyankha funso ili. Gulu sayansi ku Minnesota analenga zinthu zatsopano ongokhala 16 chitsulo maatomu ndi 2 asafe maatomu, amene amakhala ndi permeability maginito ndi 18% kuposa wa wamphamvu kwambiri - neodymium - maginito.

ndi maginito Kodi

The maginito m'nkhaniyo Mwachidule, zimadalira maginito lapansi. Kuika aliyense wa iwo mu munda maginito amapanga munda wake maginito pa nkhaniyi. Mitundu ya maginito akutsatira: diamagnetic, paramagnetic ndi ferromagnetic zipangizo. Minda amphamvu kwambiri kulenga ferromagnets, chifukwa iwo ndi maginito katundu mkulu. Zinthu zimenezi ndi monga chitsulo, faifi tambala, cobalt, zitsulo osowa lapansi ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo awo, komanso chromium ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo manganese. A iwo kupanga maginito okhazikika, chifukwa munda ferromagnetic Kodi kutha pambuyo kuchotsa m'munda maginito.

Paramagnetic adzalandira permeability umene uli pamwamba pake pang'ono umodzi firiji. Zinthu zimenezi m'munda maginito nyese zoipa, koma ndi kucheperachepera kutentha, ndi maginito katundu wa iwo akuchita zambiri. Ndi paramagnet monga Mwachitsanzo, mpweya, pulatinamu, zotayidwa, kawirikawiri lapansi zitsulo.

Diamagnetics - mtundu wina wa zinthu, ndi permeability wa ndilo pang'ono zosakwana umodzi, katundu wawo maginito ngakhale ofooka. Kwa iwo Udindo zitsulo ambiri monga bismuth, siliva, golide, mkuwa, komanso madzi ndi mankhwala organic. Choona chidwi kuti katundu ferromagnetic kutha, ndiponso zitsulo ndi kukhala demagnetized paramagnetic pamene usavutike wina kutentha (Curie mfundo).

Ntchito maginito

Anthu aphunzira ntchito mwayi wawo katundu otchulidwa kwa nkhani maginito ilipodi: ferromagnets ili yofunika kwambiri mu kupanga zomangamanga magetsi ndi kompyuta. Angapezeke mu tiransifoma, Motors, ndi kuyeza zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, amakulolani kuonjezera maginito popanda kusintha ziliri pa koyilo lapansi.

The kutumizgika zomangira angathe kuchepetsa kwambiri mowa mphamvu. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito chojambulira maginito ndipo anayendera, miyala kuvala. Masiku ano mankhwala amagwiritsa maginito kwa matenda ndi mankhwala a matenda osiyanasiyana. Kwenikweni, ntchito ya zida matenda zachokera zochita za maginito ndi okhazikika. Mwachitsanzo, ocular tonometer chizindikiro ayenera kudziwa khungu pa siteji oyambirira. Ntchito opaleshoni microsurgery zipangizo maginito kochotsa zitsulo kuchokera mpukutu anthu. mfundo zawo opaleshoni amadziwikanso zochokera pa katundu wa maginito popanda kugwirizana Intaneti. Yotakata zotsatira achire ndi osiyana maginito bandeji ndipo applicators. Iwo kupweteka ndi kulepheretsanso kutupa, ndi matenda ambiri kuchizidwa zotsatira za maginito pa mabacteria ndi yogwira thupi. Amadziwika kuti Cleopatra ntchito zodzikongoletsera maginito, kusintha otaya magazi ndi kuchedwa ukalamba.

Mtengo wa m'munda maginito kwa dziko

The maginito amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa dziko. Choyamba, izo kumatiteteza kwa okhala padziko lapansi ndi nthambi ku amadza sangadziteteze matupi dziko. Mothandizidwa ndi maginito kusintha njira yodutsamo ake. Ofufuzawa kuvomereza kuti ena mwa dziko mulibe zitsulo pachimake, motero maginito, amene kwambiri kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha zotheka mapulaneti lokhalamo. Earthlings komanso atisokoneze opanda m'munda chitetezo. Koma kunena pamene zimenezi zidzachitika, ndi geophysics ali Sadadzipangire. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti pa 160 miliyoni zaka mizati maginito - kumpoto ndi kum'mwera - zosiyanasiyana pakati za zana nthawi. The maphwando amenewo otsiriza zinachitika zaka 720.000 zapitazo, ndipo dziko lapansi ndilo anaukira ndi particles dziko. matchalitchi kufotokoza kutha kwa zinyamazi, anati kuti zimphona izi kutha chabe chifukwa chake.

The maginito amakhala n'kakang'ono

Geophysics, kupenda katundu wa kumunda maginito, adapeza kuti kuli kuoneka mosinthana sangadziteteze kuti sizinalembedwe patsogolo. Mu South Atlantic maginito wosanjikiza pang'onopang'ono thins. Kwa zaka zoposa 150 zapitazi, munda apa anali peresenti ofooka kuposa khumi. Akatswiri a sayansi amanena kuti kosangalatsa mzati zidzachitika mwamsanga zokwanira, pasanathe zaka 100 kuchokera pachiyambi cha inversion lapansi. Kodi m'badwo adzaona zodabwitsazi ndi mmene zimakhudza anthu a dziko lapansi, akadali osadziwika, koma pali mawu akuti kusintha zake zidzakhala chimawononga injiniya magetsi.

mikuntho maginito ndipo zimakhudza awo pa anthu

Nthawi zina m'munda Dziko Lapansi maginito ndi sankasangalala - ndi mikuntho ya maginito, ndiye mwachindunji amadalira dzuwa. M'zaka za kuchuluka ntchito dzuwa pali yaikulu amasulidwe mphamvu, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mapangidwe a ndimakwiya dzuwa. Pankhaniyi, chimphona mtsinje wa particles mlandu amamuchititsa Lapansi liwilo - makilomita 500-1000 pa chachiwiri, kupanga amphamvu maginito. mtsinje umalandira dziko mu masiku ochepa. Kukumana awiri amphamvu maginito, ndipo kenako anasokonezeka maginito a dziko lapansi. Munthu anazolowera kukhala zachilendo kwa maginito, ndi mikuntho maginito, thanzi lake zikusintha.

Anthu ndi osiyana maginito sensibility, chikoka pa anthu maginito mkuntho zimadalira uliri thanzi. Kudwala, nyonga yafupika, imagwera olumala, pali kufooka, mutu, tulo zipolowe, sakuyenda opareshoni ya ubongo (chiwerengero cha zolakwa ukuwonjezeka, chiwerengero cha zolakwa ndi ngozi ukuwonjezeka). Mogwirizana ndi maonekedwe a padziko magetsi zoimbira pa masiku amenewa pakati cha ntchito yawo.

Zimene nyama zakutchire maginito

Iwo imatsimikizirika kuti mbalame bwino kwambiri kumva mphamvu ya maginito a Dziko Lapansi ndipo ngakhale kuziwona izo. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti mbalame - okhalapo wapadera motere: mphamvu ya maginito amawathandiza kupeza nyumba zawo pa ndege kutalika kwambiri.

A maginito ntchito ngati akamba kuyenda panyanja nyanja. Nyama ndi maginito Mwachitsanzo amphaka pasadakhale mkulu kuwathandiza m'munda mwamphamvu maginito. Khalidwe zachilendo nyama anati pamaso pa yamkuntho ndi zivomezi. Kudziwa tsunami akuyandikira kapena chivomezi ku Japan mu m'chere zokhala m'malo owetera lalikulu muli blackheads kuti pamaso MASOKA adzauka pamwamba ndipo ali ndi nkhawa, kumverera perturbations amphamvu za kuthengo maginito.

m'malo epilogue ndi

Mphamvu ya maginito pa anthu a dziko lathu zisanathe kuphunzira, asayansi padziko lonse chinatseguka nsaru ya chinsinsi dziko lapansili ndi kufunafuna mayankho a mafunso ofunika kwambiri. Koma patsogolo alibe kuima, ndi sayansi kusiyana mofulumira masiku awa, kotero amene amadziwa, mwina m'badwo wotsatira adzadziwa yankho ambiri a mafunso amene anamenya maganizo abwino a anthu.