Zitsulo kudula madzi (madzi ndege kudula): luso ndi mfundo za opareshoni

lamakonoli simungathe kulingalira popanda kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zitsulo. Iron, zimene ziri zaka 400-500 chabe zapitazo, anayamikira pafupifupi ake kulemera golidi, lero akhale matani kuwononga mediocre mu landfills. Zitsulo smelted mamiliyoni matani ntchito mwamtheradi kulikonse. The vuto lalikulu zambiri mankhwala ake, monga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu izi olimba kwambiri, ndipo masiku ano mfundo zamakono okhwima kwambiri ndipo salola ovutika ndi zamwano "mizere odulidwa". Kusintha amasokoneza watha, asayansi anatulukira kudula zitsulo madzi.

Pamene anayamba ntchito mchitidwe?

Ndi zodabwitsa, koma luso ndi ndithu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 60 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo. Kwa nthawi yoyamba dzinali lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale achindunji kwambiri, monga Azamlengalenga ndi danga makampani. Koma posachedwapa kampani anayamba kuganiza kuti madzi kudula zitsulo - ndi luso kwambiri kuti angathe kupereka mwayi waukulu makampani lonse M'mawu ake oyamba amene timapangira limodzi mu ulimi.

Kuyambira pamenepo, njira ya mankhwala zitsulo likupitirirabe wotchuka kwambiri. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi madzi okha kudula zitsulo pepala adagulung'undisa, kapena nkhani ndi zina zitsulo? njira Kodi pali ubwino ndi kuipa? Zonsezi tidzayesetsa kukuuzani m'nkhani ino.

ofunsira

The mwayi waukulu njira kudula n'chakuti, pamwamba pa zinthu si pafupifupi kwambiri mawotchi kanthu. Kwathunthu palibe mikangano, palibe njira kutentha. Izi kumakhudza zabwino kwambiri pa khalidwe la odulidwa ndi lonse la mbali yotsirizidwa.

zipangizo kukonzedwa

Choyamba, kamodzi Tikuona kuti munda wa ntchito njira si okha zitsulo ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo awo. Izo ntchito zipangizo monga:

• Lubwe, mwala achilengedwe, ndi mchere.
• Ziwiya zadothi ndi galasi.
• zitsulo onse, ngakhalenso titaniyamu ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo ake.
• Analimbitsa simenti ndi konkire.
• Mitundu yonse ya pulasitiki ndi zina zipangizo kupanga.

Kodi ndi bwino, nthawi yomweyo zotheka kukwaniritsa otsika kwambiri mowa zipangizo zonse zosaphika ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu. Komanso, pochita ndi chuma woopsawo ndi zitsulo kudula madzi okha chomveka njira, kuyambira Pankhaniyi palibe nsakali, palibe zoipa fumbi mapangidwe kwathunthu sizikanatheka wa mowiriza poyatsira katundu zinyalala anapanga.

Kodi ntchito mu ntchito?

Monga tidanenera, zitsulo - osati kuchuluka kwa ntchito njira, komabe 70% ntchito Zoonadi mderali. umisiri zachokera madzi a zabwino kwambiri ndi nkhani ya abrasive opanikizika pamwamba pa nkhaniyo. Choncho zimene zimachitika chimodzimodzi pa kudula? Pano pali njira zikuluzikulu:

• Madzi amakakamizidwa ntchito thanki makamaka makolokoto.
• Pa nthawi yomweyo kuti "yake" abrasive, kawirikawiri ukufanizidwa ndi nusu kamakhala kakang'ono kwambiri mwa mchenga.
• Kenako, osakaniza chifukwa zimalowa nozzle lapansi.
• Kwapang'onopang'ono walangizidwa m'dera anakhumba ndipo ayamba kudula nkhaniyo.

Quality ndi kudula liwiro ndi njira imeneyi kumawonjezera nthawi zambiri. Nthawi, muyenera kuwonjezera ndi abrasive. Zimenezi kwathunthu basi, palibe ndodo alowererepo nthawi safunikira.

Dziwani kuti waterjet akhoza kukwaniritsa liwiro uyu, amene nthawi zambiri zotheka okha plasma processing a zipangizo. Koma! odulidwa khalidwe amenewa kuti Mungathe kubwereza, koma ntchito laser. Mtengo wa machitidwe ntchito, ndi zovuta zida ntchito n'kovuta kuyerekeza, chifukwa iwo ali chosiyana "makalasi kulemera".

Kodi ntchito zida zimenezi?

Ngakhale pa nthawi wakale Egypt, anthu aona kuti madzi amatha ukasintha kusintha katundu wa zipangizo kuti poyera kwa ndithu nthawi yaitali. Ngakhale miyala molimba kuthamanga kwa boma timiyala yosalala, ndi padziko ya lubwe ndi za nsangalabwi ndi mofulumira ndi indentation kuwoneka.

Kenako, zomwezo anatengera makampani ano. Kumene, kuyambira nthawi yakale zasintha dongosolo la mwayi ntchito "okusayidi wa hydrogen": choyamba, izo chofunika kupereka kuthamanga chosankhika cha madzi, kachiwiri - makulidwe ndi malangizo a Jets ake. Izi zimatheka motere:

• Special mpope kwambiri kuthamanga osati amasonkhana kotunga madzi, koma amapereka kwa zinthu. Ndi mphamvu ya limagwirira izi zidalira pa makulidwe ndi osalimba wa zitsulo, amene akhoza kudula. Pakuti ambiri mpope madzi umaperekedwa kwa ochiritsira dongosolo madzi ndi (popewa kusokoneza) ndi zofunika kulinyamula kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
• Pakuti ndege makulidwe limafanana ndi wapadera mphamvu yang'anira. Kudula liwiro ndi makulidwe a chuma kuchitiridwa osati zimadalira kasinthidwe ake, komanso maonekedwe a zinthu abrasive. Kuti "n'kupangira" chinachake kwambiri viscous, m'pofunika ntchito atatu gawo filler kwa zitsulo yosavuta Tiyenera madzi ndi filler, ntchito yomwe, monga ife mobwerezabwereza ananenera, angagwiritsidwe ntchito mchenga ambiri. Inde, n'zotheka kusintha osati zikuchokera osakaniza ... Kodi magawo ena zimaonetsa madzi kudula zitsulo? Kuthamanga ndi mathamangidwe madzimadzi. Kumbukirani kuti osachepera zovomerezeka mlingo wa madzi afike 1200 m / s pa mavuto pafupifupi 4.7 T / masentimita!

Other

Nkofunika kwambiri nozzles. awiri awo, ndi zipangizo ntchito mwachindunji zimadalira abrasive ndi mathamangidwe ndege. Kuthamanga madzi mu processing zitsulo ndi wokwezeka kwambiri moti mkulu okha mphamvu kasakaniza wazitsulo angagwiritsidwe ntchito imeneyi. The nozzles ayenera kusinthidwa, pafupipafupi izi amadalira zifukwa zambiri. Mmodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika kwambiri za makina kulikonse kwa "madzi" ndi kudula chosakanizira. Chimene chimadalira pa iye homogeneity wa osakaniza chifukwa ndi khalidwe la mabala, kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa zisamayoyoke pa m'mbali mwa magawo machined.

Onani kuti waterjet kudula sizingatheke popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mkulu-mwatsatanetsatane zokha. Mbali A njira ndi zitsulo ntchito m'mphepete taper chifukwa cha katundu wa madzi pa zinthu ngati zimenezi ntchito zake. The apamwamba a liwiro, ndi apamwamba mlingo. Koma! Ndi kukula taper amachepetsa mogwirizana mwachindunji ndi khalidwe yomaliza ya processing zakuthupi. Kuchepetsa ngati zoyipa, zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito luso patenti mumayenda Mphamvu Waterjet ndi njira zofanana mankhwala khalidwe kasamalidwe.

ndi opareshoni mfundo ya umisiri "wochenjera" n'chiyani? Zonse zochita zokha mosavuta yokha ndiyo mtundu, kukhuthala ndi osalimba zakuthupi kukonzedwa, kenako paokha chimasintha ndingaliro ngodya ndi nozzle awiri. m'pamene umayamba mosalekeza kukonzedwa mchenga zitsulo kudula ndi madzi.

kukonzekera

Pomaliza, n'kofunika ndi dongosolo madzi Pre-mankhwala ntchito kenaka atsopano dongosolo zitsulo kudula. Kudzapeza moyo wa zida, komanso kuonetsetsa wapamwamba kwambiri chithandizo, n'kofunika kwenikweni loonekeratu madzi. Izi zimatheka ndi kusefera kudzera "mkulu-mwatsatanetsatane" Zosefera, imene madzi kuchotsedwa kwa onse, zosafunika ndi lalikulu kulemera mkulu maselo.

Nkofunika kuzindikira kuti opanga osiyana kupereka zipangizo zosiyanasiyana hydroabrasive, kuthekera kwa zipangizo zomwe zimagwira ntchito zina mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi mtengo makina. Choncho, magwiridwe patsogolo amalola kuchita ngakhale kuipidwa mawonekedwe kudula, ngati n'koyenera, osanenapo ntchito wosavuta.

The magwiridwe a ntchito yodula madzi

M'minda ambiri luso madzi kudula zitsulo, mtengo umene uli m'munsi laser mankhwala (15 rubles pa mita) amadziwikanso anapeza ntchito lonse. Mfundo yakuti wina wa ubwino wa njira ndi yonena tchipisi, komanso padziko kutentha, kupanga fano chifukwa kapena mbiri ndendende ndi zimene mukufuna kuona mlengi kapena wojambula. Pano pali mbali yaikulu anapereka njira zimenezi zili processing:

• Mwambo kudula zitsulo. Nkofunika kuti kudula analandira kwambiri khalidwe pa ndingaliro aliyense wa nozzle lapansi. Kulondola ndi chotero kuti mbali yomalizidwa pambuyo kupanga awo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi maphunziro pang'ono kapena ayi.
• makina amakono akhoza opareshoni ndi phukusi kochepa anthu, kapena popanda pamaso pa ndodo. Ndi zida yomweyi angadule mfundo zikuluzikulu kasinthidwe, ndi kuchita izo posachedwapa, koma ndi kuteteza n'zotheka wapamwamba.
• zitsulo za processing makamaka ofala. Choncho, makina kudula akhoza kudula zitsulo ndi madzi 20 masentimita sing'anga mpweya zitsulo. Titaniyamu wodzichepetsa ntchito - mwa 15-17 mm. Makamaka amphamvu aloyi - 12 mm. Osachepera koyefishienti imagwera pa chiwerengero cha mkuwa ndi 4-5 kokha mm.
• zinthu yokongola ndipo kunali kukometsa ntchito njira imeneyi kukhala osati kwambiri quality, komanso mtengo. Komanso, kasinthidwe wa mankhwala yomalizidwa Musati muzidalira pa zimenezo wantchito, osati chifukwa cha "kuuma kwa manja", koma pa zoikamo. Ngati kupatuka pa kudula akhoza musalumphe 0.5%, ntchito ndi zida chifukwa kudula zitsulo madzi CNC.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, monga ndi zambiri kudula chitoliro. Chifukwa chaichi makina apadera ntchito, imene gawo chitoliro analandira poyamba yosalala kwambiri ndi opukutidwa. Choncho, waterjet kudula, imene misonkhano akupezeka mzinda zonse zazikulu, likupitirirabe wamba ndi otchuka njira processing zosiyanasiyana zipangizo.

CNC waterjet

Makamaka zokulitsa applicability njira anathandiza makina CNC amene angathe pokonza zosiyanasiyana zipangizo, kusintha ikukonzekera ntchito, pazipita ndi makulidwe osachepera kudula, komanso magawo ena.

Zolakwika ku magawo anakonzeratu analandira osachepera, amene ali sizingatheke kukwaniritsa ndi njira muyezo kudula. Mfundo ntchito kalasi ya zipangizo yafupika kuchita zotsatirazi:

• Choyamba anaika mapulogalamu, zimene zingakhale zosiyana kwa mtundu uliwonse wa chuma. pulogalamu basi amasankha zikuchokera osakaniza, mtundu wa abrasive ndi buku Napempha kwa madzi, kuthamanga, ndipo magawo ena. Chooneka kudula zipangizo kukakomana ndi mapulogalamu mwachindunji.
• Childs, mankhwala zina za gawo yomalizidwa salinso ankafuna. Ngati magawo kudula amasankhidwa molakwika kapena inaccurately, pakhoza kukhala roughness wa chotsirizidwa. Koma! Ngati inu ntchito CNC makina amene akhoza kunyamula magawo awo kudula, monga amachita sizichitika. Pankhaniyi, zida adzakhala basi sankhani mode anakhumba, moyang'ana makulidwe, kukhuthala ndi osalimba wa zitsulo.
• Kuwonjezera kudula, makina amenewa kulola kubowola maenje a diameters osiyana ndi masanjidwe. Pa nthawi yomweyo ife kubwereza mawu kale tafotokozazi, ngati zida ofunika chinachake chapadera, muyenera kusankha anthu a zanyengo wake, amene ndi lolingana ntchito zina.
• Nthawi zina, makina amenewa angagwiritsidwe ntchito osati kudula, komanso kupukuta katundu anamaliza ndi mbali zimene zasintha ndi zipangizo zina.

kudula dzanja

Nthawi zina, makina akhoza lizilamuliridwa ndi woyendetsa aluso. Ali wopanikizika, kusintha zonse zofunika kuika mu mode Buku, omwe si nthawi zonse makamaka yabwino. Koma njira Buku kudula zitsulo ndi zambiri za ubwino, monga izi:

• Mtengo wa ntchito ngati ndalama zina za imodzi ndi theka mtengo.
• maphunziro apadera a woyendetsa pa nthawi yomweyo, oddly mokwanira, zilibe kanthu. Popeza kuti ulamuliro Buku makina amenewa ndi wosavuta ndipo alibe ambiri mbali zovuta kuzimvetsa. zipangizo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi imene m'pofunika kudula ziwalo kukhala zojambula mawonekedwe ophweka.
• The magwiridwe a makina, akukhalabe sichinasinthe. Woyera odulidwa, kuboola mabowo ndi zina ntchito yosavuta - zonse izi zikhoza kutheka lolamulidwa Buku. Komanso, pali kuthekera kwa ndondomeko osati zitsulo komanso zina zipangizo.

Tikukhulupirira kuti mukumvetsa mmene madzi kudula zitsulo. Njira imeneyi ndi ofanana kwambiri makampani ano, zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kubala mbali ya mawonekedwe chilichonse ndi kasinthidwe.