Lifecycle fern: sitepe, mapazi a ndondomeko yake ndiponso kufotokoza

Mumapezekanso Padziko Lapansi zaka zambiri zapitazo. Kale kunali kotheka kukumana nkhalango ya Mumapezekanso mtengo. Pakali pano, ngati zomera lalikulu amakhalabe ochepa. Mumapezekanso kukhala kukongoletsa ndi m'nyumba. Iwo ali okongola ndi wodzichepetsa, angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga okongola. Zomera ndi cholimba ndi chidwi.

Nthano fern ndi

Fern - zachilendo zomera. Ndi maonekedwe ake ndi chifukwa nthano ambiri okongola. Pa mmodzi wa iwo, chomera lachokera ku mulungu wa chikondi - Venus, waponya tsitsi lake kamodzi, kumene anakulira Mumapezekanso.

Wotchuka nthano - ndi nthano ya maluwa fern. Limati, ngati chomera maluwa ndi kuwona, munthuyo anatsegula chinsinsi cha momwe kupeza chuma pa Ivana Kupala usiku. Komabe, tikafuna kudziŵa zimaonekeratu kuti nthano akhoza akuyendera kwenikweni, chifukwa fern alibe magawo moyo mkombero wa maluwa.

Magulu apamwamba m'munsi mwa zomera

Zimagwidwa m'magulu chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi. Akusiyana pakati pawo malo. zomera apamwamba "" pa dziko ndi kuthera mkombero moyo wawo padziko lapansi. zomera ndi Mumapezekanso. Zomera lapadziko azipereka kugawanika momveka bwino muzu, mapulaniwo ndi tsamba.

Komabe, munthu anena kuti Mumapezekanso kwathunthu unachoka malo m'madzi, monga ndondomeko yawo ya kubereka kumatanthauza ndi ufulu okhala-gametophyte koyenera kuti umuna umuna chiyenera kukhala mu sing'anga amadzimadzi.

maonekedwe

Ku dongosolo la Mumapezekanso ambiri padziko lonse. Iwo ndi osiyana kunja maonekedwe a masamba, zachilengedwe wodzichepetsa, ndi chikondi chachikulu lonyowa nthaka.

Fern ali mizu, mapulaniwo ndi masamba. Mbewu anali. Kumbali lamkati la pepala pansi imakonzedwa mu spores m'mapaketi, sporangia. masamba fern amatchedwa "frond", iwo sali ngati zomera zina masamba. Iwo amayang'ana ngati timphukira pang'ono kuika mu ndege imodzi ndi Ufumuyo tsinde la. mtundu awo akhoza zimasiyana kuwala wobiriwira mdima wobiriwira.

Fern, kupatulapo mizu tichipeza masamba, ndipo Sorus induzii kumene SORUS - mtolo wa sporangia, induziya - outgrowth chokhala ambulera okuta SORUS.

Kayendedwe ka moyo wa zomera apamwamba

Alipo pa dziko lapansi, mbewu iliyonse akupitiriza njira yake. Kayendedwe ka moyo wa fern ndi - kayendedwe ka chiyambi cha moyo kusasitsa zonse za chomera, chingathe kupereka moyo watsopano. The mkombero tichipeza awiri magawo: kugonana ndi asexual. magawo awa atsimikiziridwa mibadwo poocherednost, kumachitika kudzera gametes chimodzi - kugonana, wachiwiri - ntchito spores - sexless.

Merging, gametes kupanga zygote diploid, zomwe zinagwira mbadwo watsopano asexual. Mu m'badwo asexual kubalana kumachitika mwa spores. spores Haploid kungadzutse m'badwo kugonana. Mmodzi wa mibadwo nthawi chimapambana pa ena, ndipo amapanga kwambiri kayendedwe ka zomera.

Magawo a kayendedwe ka moyo wa fern ndi

Pakuti zikamera wa rostochku latsopano achinyamata amafuna zinthu zingapo. Kayendedwe ka moyo wa fern ndi - kuchotsedwa magawo onse, kuyambira chiyambi cha moyo ndi kutsiriza ndi gawo kukhwima, pamene mmera amene wakwanitsa chimayambitsa moyo watsopano. The mkombero ndi wankhanza khalidwe.

Fern lifecycle siteji anakonza mu ndondomeko izi:

• Kuzitsutsa.
• Gametophyte (zarostok).
• Dzira, umuna.
• Zygote.
• Wosabadwayo.
• Young zomera.

Pamene magawo onse wathunthu, mbewu wamng'ono, ndi kukulitsa tidzatha kubwereza dongosolo m'badwo wotsatira wabadwa.

Asexual ndi kugonana gawo mu ndondomeko kuswana

Fern - zotsatira za m'badwo asexual. Taganizirani ndondomeko ya kayendedwe ka moyo wa fern ndi.

Pofuna kuyamba moyo watsopano mwa zomera wamkulu ayenera kuonekera pa mbali n'zosiyana wa sacs pepala spore, umene kukhwima spores. Pamene spores zapsa, thumba amaphulika ndipo idzagwa mikangano pansi. Mchikakamizo cha mphepo, iwo kufalitsa mu madera osiyana ndipo anakumana ndi kumera chonde m'nthaka. Chinthu Ichi ndi chofunika kwambiri, chifukwa popanda mbewu sanathe wakhalapo. Zotsatira zake zidzakhala otrostochek - gametophyte - m'badwo kugonana fern. mawonekedwe ake izo zikuwoneka ngati mtima. Mtima ali pansi woonda ulusi - rhizoids, amene anaphatikiza nthaka. Zarostok bisexual fern pa izo ndi m'mapaketi ang'onoang'ono: mu dzira limodzi okhwima mu zina - umuna. Umuna kumachitika ndi madzi.

Popeza zarostochek kakang'ono kwambiri ndipo ali mawonekedwe achilendo, izo kumathandiza kuti kukhetsa wozengereza Madzi a mvula ndi Kutsekeledwa wake pansi. Ndi umuna izi kusambira kwa dzira ndi manyowa. Chifukwa, pali latsopano selo - ndi zygote, imene mwana wosabadwayo aumbike sporophyte - asexual chifukwa cha m'badwo watsopano. phata tichipeza haustoria kuti maonekedwe ake akufanana ndi phazi, umasanduka zarostok, ndi nthawi yoyamba amagwiritsa wa Kumafunikira kukula zinthu zake. Patapita nthawi, pali tsamba loyamba la mwana wosabadwayo, ndilo chiyambi cha fern ndi.

Choncho, asexual m'badwo osakhala, amene amapereka moyo mbadwo watsopano ndi lalikulu ndi lalitali ankakhala zomera, ndi kugonana ndi ang'ono ndi kusala lifotabe mu mkombero moyo wa fern ndi. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika kuti umuna.

Kubalana wa Mumapezekanso kunyumba

Mumapezekanso - chidwi ndi choyambirira zomera. Choncho, nthawi zambiri zikugwira kulima m'nyumba. Kuti Fern moyo mkombero kwathunthu ndi kupeza latsopano achinyamata zomera, m'pofunika kumera mtsutsano. Wamkulu tsamba fern, amene anaonekera matumba mikangano - bulauni tokhala, kudula ndi kuikidwa mu thumba pepala. phukusi uyu tsiku lina mu malo otentha, kugwedeza zina.

Ngakhale mikangano zipse ndi kugwa, ndi osakaniza zakonzedwa kubzala. Kutenga osakaniza steamed wa peat Moss, zobiriwira, mchenga, ndi anawonjezera kuti makala wosweka, zonsezi kutengedwa mulingo ofanana. osakaniza okonzeka yaikidwa mu miphika osaya atolankhani pansi ndi humidified.

Wakucha ndi kugwa spores m'thumbalo zitatha ndi kutsanulira pamwamba okonzeka. Kumera kulenga zinthu yabwino:

• Kutentha zinthu: madigiri 25 Celsius ndi mulingo woyenera.
• Pitirizani chinyezi mkulu.
• Phimbani miphika ndi galasi.

Madzi miphika ku sprinkler lapansi. Pamene prothallia kuthirira kulipira mwapadera, chifukwa chitukuko wotsatira wa zomera n'chotheka mu pamaso pa sing'anga amadzimadzi, pamene umuna kumachitika.

Mwamsanga pamene masamba adzawonekera, kuyeretsa galasi. Kenako anapatsidwa nthawi pang'ono kuti azolowere chilengedwe ndi madzi m'ngalande. Pamene masamba kuyamba kukula pang'ono, poyamba anali mu greenhouses ozizira ndiyeno anabzala miphika payekha. Kuti akhale watsopano zomera achinyamata wokonzeka kukula ndi kukhala zina.

Schematically wasonyeza lifecycle

Kwake mbewu kafalitsidwe mwa magawo angapo. chojambula thandizo m'magazini ino akulimbikitsidwa momveka ndi kuloweza bwino. Taganizirani mkombero fern moyo, amene chiwembu chili m'munsimu alipo:

1. Wamkulu chomera, angathe kupereka moyo watsopano.

2. masamba fern kuoneka maganizo.

3. zipse spore sacs.

4. thumba The bursts, ndi spores kugwa.

5. lachonde awiri chimalimba ndiponso chimakula.

6. anapanga zarostok kuti kudzera-rhizoid chingwe zaikidwa pansi.

7. Pakali maselo nyongolosi ya mwamuna ndi mkazi: archegonium ndi antheridia:

• kumaliseche Female muli dzira.
• Male maliseche ali umuna.
• Umuna n'chotheka mu dontho la mvula.
• Umuna kusambira kuti mazira ndi kupeza mkati, umuna kumachitika.

8. Inu kulandira dzira - ndi zygote. Kuchokera zygote anapanga sporophyte - achinyamata tsamba.

9. Yambani chitukuko wanu watsopano zomera wamng'ono.

Mu chithunzi limasonyeza bwino kayendedwe ka moyo wa kulekanitsidwa.

kufunika zachuma

Fern udindo mu moyo wa munthu si lalikulu kwambiri. zosiyanasiyana Nephrolepis - ochiritsira chipinda ornamentals. Masamba Dryopteris ena chimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga wobiriwira nyimbo chigawo zamaluwa. The makungwa a mtengo Mumapezekanso ali mu kotentha, zomangila, ndi Hawaii, pakati awo kukhuthala kudya.

Pomaliza

Choncho tinaphunzira kayendedwe ka moyo wa mbewu. Mudzakhala kudziwika Mwachitsanzo, pa siteji zimene a kayendedwe ka moyo wa Mumapezekanso mu Ndisanaumbidwe akuwonekera. Izi chinyezi-wachikondi zomera, popanda madzi kubalana awo zosatheka. Adayala padziko lonse, nthawi yomweyo moyo wake kusankha malo ndi chinyezi mkulu.

Pali okwana 10,000 mitundu Mumapezekanso. Iwo mankhwala, zokongoletsera, potted.

Pa kubadwa kwa mbewu yatsopano achinyamata amayamba mkombero moyo monga mibadwo kugonana ndi asexual. m'badwo kugonana - izo zarostok, ndi kakang'ono kwambiri ndipo sakhalitsa, nawonekera achinyamata amphamvu yaitali yaitali chomera - m'badwo asexual. Mu mkombero moyo chimaposa fern sporophyte gawo.

Choncho, m'badwo waukulu fern - asexual, motero kufalitsa, anyalanyaza m'badwo kugonana sizingatheke.