Zitsulo mizati: mitundu, ntchito, ndi chipangizo ogwiritsa zapansi pansi

Pomanga ano amagwiritsidwa ntchito zitsulo mizati kuti atumikire monga kuthandiza a kunja ndi mkati mbali ya nyumba. Popanda sizikugwira ntchito, chifukwa iwo kupanga chimango akuthandiza. nyumba zitsulo ntchito zambiri, chifukwa iwo yodziwika ndi durability mkulu ndi omasuka unsembe. Ena okonza ntchito mmene zinthu kukongoletsa nyumba kapena zipinda payekha.

Zinthu constituent

Onse ndime zitsulo tichipeza magawo angapo: kunsonga ya ndodo ndipo m'munsi. Headroom - kumtunda lomwe lili ndi katundu wa denga ndi kusintha kwa ndodo. Mu mawerengedwe ake amaganizira osati kulemera kupumula matabwa, zitsulo zopangira denga kudzanso, koma makamaka kukhazikitsidwa awo.

Mu gawo pakati pa danga ndi ndodo yomwe transmits katundu pansi (m'munsi). Ngati nkofunika kulingalira mawerengedwe ravnoustoychivost thandizo, kuti akutengedwa kukhala okonzeka kusintha pankhani ya gawo mtanda wa nkhwangwa. Mfundo Izi zimathandiza kusunga nkhani ndi kupeza dongosolo khola. Wamphamvu mankhwala ayenera analimbitsa nthiti.

Base - dongosolo m'munsi yomwe transmits katundu kumtunda maziko. m'pofunika thandizo ogwiritsa nayenso. Pamene kuwerengetsa kakakulu m'munsi ndi n'komwe ndi Buku m'dera gawo ndiponso chuma maziko.

mitundu

Zofunika umabala therefrom mosiyanasiyana zosamvetsetseka koma mizati ambiri zitsulo ndi gawo mtanda mu mawonekedwe a I-mtengo, ndi amakona anayi kapena wozungulira chubu. miyeso Cross-yachigawo mopitirira mphamvu kuwerengetsera (zambiri psinjika) ndi zisathe. Yotsirizira amadalira kupezeka kwa maulalo, posts, etc. fachwerk.

Malinga ndi njira yolimbikitsa, ndime mwina mosalekeza, analowa, ndi gawo gulu. Kamangidwe ka-gawo mtanda zonse ndi ndodo umodzi, umene ntchito ku nyumba frameless, malo ndi hangars. N'zotheka kukhazikitsa zida ndi munthu pazipita zochotsa mphamvu matani 20.

Analowa ndime anaikira unsembe mphamvu zoposa 20 m. Chifukwa yache mtanda gawo kuwonjezeka chinthu chimodzimodzi kwa kupinda ndi bwino bata. Mapulani ali zimakhudza nthambi ziwiri: zikuluzikulu ndi Crane.

Gulu zitsulo mizati kawirikawiri ntchito, ndipo zingatenge katundu osiyana (za olamulira a). Iwo ayenera:
- unsembe wa cranes pa okwera otsika;
- wokwera cranes mu tiers;
- yomanga nyumba.

dera ntchito

Makoma zitsulo ndi mu ankafuna kwambiri chifukwa cha mtengo wotsika, chomasuka unsembe, chomasuka polumikizira, kukula ang'onoang'ono. A ambiri ubwino zimathandiza kuti kupiphatisa yomanga:
- mafakitale nyumba (mwachitsanzo, masitolo);
- nyumba yapachiweniweni (Mipikisano storey nyumba zolinga zosiyana);
- chikhato chimakwirira ndi milatho.
- nyumba amene amafuna wapadera processing (kuthekera kuti zosiyanasiyana kamangidwe ndi kapangidwe).

kusanthula structural

Musanayambe kugwira ntchito yoika nyumba zitsulo, m'pofunika kuti akwaniritse malipiro awo zonse. Kumangira zitsulo zambiri ntchito monolithic analowa m'munsi wopanda magalasi. Kuwerengetsa kapangidwe ayenera kusonkhanitsa deta ya akatundu onse, komanso kudziwa chiwerengero, kukula, mizati, zolimba ndi kuya atagona. Pankhaniyi, izo zonse zimadalira kulemera kwa nyumbayi ndi mbali nthaka (lolemererapo kusiyana ndi, ndi zochepa kugonjetsedwa izo chofunika).

mawerengedwe The ziyenera kuperekedwa kuti katundu ndi anagawira wogawana pa malo pansi. Ngati mavuto amenewa khama, n'zotheka kukonzekera maziko amphamvu (mchenga kapena miyala). Kamodzi kudziwika zimakhudza mphamvu maziko ndi nyumba kulemera mosavuta masamu okwana m'munsi dera yekha lapansi. katundu A ndiye masamu aliyense thandizo.

Fundam pansi ndime zitsulo isiyana ndi zapansi ochiritsira kuti aliyense mchitidwe umachoka ena. Iwo uli ena osalumikidwa, kotero zolakwa kapangidwe kungachititse misalignment wa nyumbayi.

unsembe wa maziko

Data zapansi mulibe magalasi ndipo akukonzani ndi nangula akapichi akugwira mankhwala m'munsi. kutalika awo kotero kuti pansi chimango membala ndi malekezero anali chatsekedwa pansi anangula. Ngati unsembe wa mizati amatenda malowedwe a maziko osachepera 4 meters, n'zotheka ntchito zoduliratu konkire podkolonniki. M'munsi mapeto a chotero yomanga chili mu kalilole, m'mphepete chapamwamba yatenganso anangula.

Pakuti poyimitsa pafupi muyenera m'munsi wamba, ngakhale kudzakhala udzakhazikitsidwe zitsulo ndipo anatsindika nyumba konkire. Point kwa chimango mamembala ndipu zolondola unsembe wa anangula ndi mayikidwe lolondola kusintha - gawo lapansi kukonzekera.

unsembe wa mizati

Unsembe wa nyumba zitsulo ziyenera kuperekedwa kuti kupatuka a nkhwangwa sanaloledwe SNIP (makamaka nkhani ya kali milled). Zambiri mizati ngati wonse, ndi kupita waukulu wa zinthu constituent. Ku phiri, iwo ayenera kulanda, kwezani, kubweretsa kwa zogwiriziza, agwirizane ndi otetezeka. Yosangalatsa nyumba ndi ntchito gulaye, amene anayikidwa pansi PAD ndi (mwachitsanzo, matabwa). Zochotsa imagwiridwa ndi anthu onsewo kapena kutsetsereka.

Pali njira zingapo mothandiza m'munsi pa tsinde la (zachitsulo mizati mfundo Tingaone pansipa):
- pamwamba pake popanda grout njira
- pa mbale zitsulo ndi gravy njira;
- matabwa, njanji (muyenera Grouting m'munsi).

Zochita ntchito njira chosavuta unsembe. Pankhaniyi, nsapato ndi wokwera pa zitsulo ndi welded pakati chithandizo cha ndipo amakondanso pansi pa mizati ya. Kamodzi kamangidwe adzakhala kuzindikiridwa ndi mapulani anatsanulira yankho.

Kuuluka kwa mizati chikuphatikizapo mayikidwe mokwanira mothandizidwa ndi woyeza zida ndi pitches. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo kufufuzidwa chizindikiro awo, verticality ndi udindo mu dongosolo. Pakuti kukhazikitsidwa nyumba ntchito nangula akapichi: kufunika 2-4 zidutswa. kwa mizati 15 m. Pakuti bata zambiri kupereka braces, amene anachotsa pambuyo chikukonzekera komaliza. zinthu apamwamba zina kulimbikitsa struts, zikulumikizana ndi braces zosakhalitsa. Kuti mupeze chimango khola bwino phiri nsanja pamodzi ndi girders Kireni.