Zizindikiro, matenda ndi zizindikiro za khansa testicular anthu. Kodi zizindikiro za khansa testicular amuna ndi mmene tanthauzo?

anthu ambiri akuyesetsa zaka pakati, akhoza kudzitama kuti moyo wake wonse ndisanafikeko dokotala. Mwa chilungamo kugonana Zikatero kuli. Ichi ndi chifukwa ziwalo kugonana akazi akufunika nthawi zonse, matenda venereal kuwakhudza kwambiri zambiri. Patapita zaka zingapo za vuto lililonse moyo wa munthu akadali silifuna kuzionetsetsa thumbo, omwe kaŵirikaŵiri poyerekeza ndi mapeto a unyamata. Komanso, munda amphamvu zambiri si kofunika kwambiri kukaona katswiri. Komabe, ulendo belated zambiri umatha ndi chakuti amuna amapezeka oopsa kwambiri kuti amafuna mankhwala woyenera. matenda china oopsa kwambiri testicular khansa. Photos of kudwala izi zikhoza kupezeka mu mabuku apadera zachipatala pakuyenerera. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za izo, ndipo ife kuphimba m'nkhani ino.

Kufotokozera za matenda

Testicular khansa - matenda n'chosoŵa. The chikuchititsa mavuto a matenda amuna wamkulu monga cryptorchidism, chisokonezo pa mlingo wa dongosolo endocrine, zotsatira za dzuwa, kuwonongeka mawotchi scrotum lapansi.

Mu ziwerengero zizindikiro za khansa testicular khansa matenda amuna si oposa 2% ya milandu. Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti matenda amakhala ndi ndewu. Pakati pa akuluakulu a kugonana mphamvu pansi ndi zaka 35, matenda zambiri chifukwa cha oyambirira.

Mu gawo lachitatu la milandu, zizindikiro chachikulu amapezeka mu anyamata. 90% ya iwo, chifukwa lili kusintha zilonda za zotupa chosaopsa - teratoma. Havayo, zikuoneka chifukwa cha matenda kakulidwe mu utero.

khansa Testicular: zimayambitsa

Lero, zimayambitsa lenileni la mtundu wa kudwala, monga khansa zina, sakudziwika. Komabe, akatswiri amavomereza pa kuuzidwa za zinthu zazikulu kuchititsa chitukuko cha matenda - cryptorchidism. chikhalidwe ichi makamaka imene pa chitukuko yoopsa kapena miyezi ingapo ya moyo testicle si ukutsika mu scrotum lapansi. Mwachidule amakhalabe otchedwa ngalande inguinal , kapena ngakhale mu pamimba. Nthawi zambiri anapezeka ku odwala Oncology amene isanafalikire dzira mwachindunji mu zonse m'mimba.

Amene ali pa chiopsezo?

Malinga ndi akatswiri, ngakhale mwana mwanayo kunachitidwa opaleshoni, khansa testicular ngati amuna achikulire angathe matenda. Zina mwa zinthu zazikulu za kalambulabwalo wa, omwe amaonjezera ngozi ya kudwala matenda, wotchedwa zotsatirazi:

• Cholowa chimene chingawapangitse kukhala zidakwa.
• Osabereka.
• Klinefelter syndrome (a kugonana khromozomu kuwonongeka pa mlingo majini).
• Underdevelopment a kumaliseche.
• Kulolerana wa minofu yovulazidwa mu testes msinkhu titadziwa.
• Wopitiriza makina kanthu.

zizindikiro matenda

Zizindikiro zazikulu za khansa testicular anthu otsatirawa:

• chisindikizo ting'onoting'ono zinkakhala m'dera;
• kudzikundikira madzimadzi mu scrotum ndi;
• zonse kusapeza, soreness;
• kuwonjezeka mu kukula kwa mazira mwachizolowezi.

Pa chiyambi cha matenda zizindikiro za khansa ya maliseche amuna pafupifupi kwathunthu kwina. Wodwala ndiye wapeza mmodzi wa iwo chisindikizo yaing'ono. Thupi akuyamba mofulumira kuwonjezera kukula, pali ululu komanso ngakhale kupweteka. Nkofunika kudziwa kuti chotupa zilonda kwambiri ndi kawirikawiri amayambitsa kupweteka. Kumachitika kokha pamene chotupa kwathunthu analanda chingwe spermatic.

Mu siteji yotsatira chitukuko cha kudwala anaona mapindikidwe testicular ndi kukula kachulukidwe awo. Chifukwa kudzikundikira zonse madzimadzi mbali zowonongeka wa scrotum akuyamba kuwonjezera kukula. Ngati dzira si waponya, chotupacho mosavuta zili mwachindunji mu ngalande inguinal. Apo ayi, pa kutanthauzira kwake ku dera m'mimba ya neoplasm akhoza kukula ndi lalikulu kwambiri. Pali milandu pamene anatenga pafupifupi theka la M'mimbamo lapansi.

Komanso zizindikiro khansa testicular anthu imakhudzana ndi mapangidwe metastases. Izi koposa zonse, kufupika kwa mpweya, kupweteka kwambiri kumbuyo ndi groin, kusapeza mu mwendo edema. Zizindikiro zonse izi matenda ndi mosavuta explainable.

Mwachitsanzo, kupweteka kwa msana, amagwirizana ndi psinjika zonse mizu mitsempha retroperitoneal mwanabele, omwenso amagwiritsidwa kukula kukula. Phazi edema uka chifukwa alipo a metastases otsika vena cava. Zizindikiro za khansa testicular mu amuna monga zizindikiro ngakhale impso kulephera. Ichi ndi chifukwa psinjika za ureter neoplasm.

Mitundu ina ya matenda amakhudza kusintha kwa timadzi ta m'thupi. Odwala wamkulu, iwo amaoneka ngati mpheto ndi utachepa libido. Anyamata achinyamata angathe gynecomastia, hirsutism (thupi kwambiri tsitsi chimakwirira), mawu kusintha.

Gawo

zotupa Testicular angakhale mitundu iwiri:

• Nyongolosi maselo (amachokera kwa epithelium a) - seminoma, teratoblastoma, horionepitelioma.
• Negerminogennye (osauka zimakhala zikuluzikulu) - leydigoma, sarcoma, sertolioma.

Nyongolosi selo chotupa zosinthika (seminoma) limapezeka nthawi zambiri. Seminoma matenda 50% ya anthu amene akudwala khansa. kutupa Izi aumbike mu mfundo wothinikizidwa. Kawirikawiri, ilo limakula pang'onopang'ono kwambiri ndipo si limodzi ndi magazi matendawo. Seminoma metastasis makamaka bwanji mapapo, lymph mfundo ndi mafupa.

magawo a khansa

Panopa kugawidwa mu magawo angapo a matenda. Chifukwa mugawo ili la madokotala n'zotheka molondola kwambiri m'kagulu khansa testicular anthu, ndipo pambuyo - mankhwala oyenera.

• Gawo loyamba. Neoplasm ili mu testicle si kupitirira izo, palibe metastasis.
• Gawo lachiwiri. zotupa Metastasized ali isanafalikire mu mfundo retroperitoneal.
• Wachitatu ndi wachinayi magawo. Metastases kudutsa mu ziwalo lakutali kapena lymph mfundo.

Ndipo ena kudziwika gulu lonse la matenda - TNM, chimene magawo zoyambirira za khansa ena amaimira kalata (T - makhalidwe a chotupa yokha, N - kufotokoza mfundo boma, M0 - pakalibe metastases, M1 - pamaso pa metastases lakutali).

diagnostics

Mankhwala bwino za matenda n'kofunika kwambiri oterewa. Kodi kudziwa khansa testicular?

1. Kupenda thupi la wodwalayo, kuphatikizapo palpation wa scrotum yokha.
2. mayesero Laboratory (LDH, BHG, AFP). Kutengera pa mlingo ndende otchedwa chotupa zolembera dokotala amayankha mphamvu ya mankhwala komanso Zoneneratu matendawa.
3. Phunziro scrotum ndi transillumination. Njira imeneyi zikusonyeza candling anakhudzidwa dera mtengo yopapatiza kuwala. dokotala amaweruza kaya ndi kuunikiridwa uniformly. Ngati minofu ya scrotum nkomwe transmits kuwala angasonyeze kukhalapo kwa chotupa chija.
4. Radiography kudziwa pamaso pa metastases.
5. Ultrasound mosamala scrotum ndi ziwalo m'chiuno.
6. CT thorax ndi pamimba.
7. Bone jambulani mafupa.

Matenda yomaliza anapanga zochokera zotsatira za testicular minofu biopsy. Analysis wa biopsy pansi maso walola kudziwa mtundu makamaka chotupa ndi kulosera za kafalitsidwe mathamangidwe cha kudwala.

Paokha kuzindikira matenda?

Mu malo oyamba Ndi bwino kuti kuwona mawonekedwe a khansa testicular anthu. Photos ziwalo bwanji akupezeka akalozera ndi apadera. Choncho, ngati pali kupatuka aliyense wodwala afunefune msanga kuchipatala.

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti machende wathanzi ayenera kukhala za kukula yomweyo, koma nthawi zonse chagona poyerekeza ndi ena. Apo ayi munthu sangathe mapazi anu pamodzi.

Madokotala akulangizidwa kuganizira mwezi uliwonse, ndipo mu chipinda ofunda. Chinthu ndi kuti scrotum ozizira wabwerera kwambiri zokwanira. Njira yabwino amati anayendera pa akusamba. Machende akumverera ayenera amafanana yophika mazira zovuta owiritsa, ndipo ndi kukula pafupifupi 4 masentimita awiri. Akuluakulu asawononge. kusapeza iliyonse imene kuyenderako angathe kutanthauziridwa monga kupatuka mwakale.

Kodi khansa testicular? Wokhudza kumbuyo chapamwamba mbali ya thupi mosavuta wapezeka mafuta ake - chingwe woonda. chinthu chilichonse Ufumuyo, akhoza ankamuona ngati chotupa (zambiri chosaopsa). Mulimonsemo, pamene detects kupatuka aliyense mwakale ayenera yomweyo dokotala. Adzamuika ndi matenda kuyezetsa zina, ndiyeno, ngati n'koyenera - mankhwala.

chithandizo

Ndi ku matenda ndi zovuta zikusonyeza kuchotsa chotupa cholinga, umathandizanso resection a mwanabele ndi zokhudza zonse chemotherapeutic zimakhudzanso maselo onse atypical.

Opaleshoni mankhwala kuchotsa zonse pa zinkakhala m'dera ndi mafuta ndi. Ngati pa metastases ntchito mu malo peritoneum wochititsidwa retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy.

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, wodwalayo imatumizidwa mankhwala amphamvu. Amatanthauza boma mtsempha ndi ntchito za kukonzekera mwapadera ( "Iofosfamid", "Cisplatin", "Vinblastine") kuti amakhudza thupi lonse. Mogwirizana chakuti maselo a khansa mkulu kagayidwe kachakudya kugunda, makamaka yomweyo anawononga okha.

Mu zina, tikulimbikitsidwa cheza zina kukhudzana. Chifukwa chachikulu chotupa, ndi njira mankhwala ntchito mu gawo preoperative.

kaonedwe

The kale matenda amawapeza, ndi mankhwala aluso ndipo kwambiri azidwala ziyende bwino za matendawa. Malinga ndi akatswiri, chithandizo mwamsanga zimathandiza odwala moyo zaka zisanu kapena kuposerapo (90%). Pamene metastasis kupulumuka yafupika 72%.