Zizindikiro za glomerulonephritis ndi mankhwala ake

Kodi matenda "glomerulonephritis"? Mawu amenewa amanena za kutupa kwa impso, imene dongosolo yaikulu - glomerulus - kuonongeka chifukwa cha monyanyira mu chitetezo chokwanira pa yekha. Glomerulonephritis Zizindikiro zimakhala patapita matenda yapita (makamaka streptococcal zilonda zapakhosi), hypothermia, ndi autoimmune ndi matenda enaake ophwanya chifukwa zifukwa zochepa kawopsedwe. Amakhudza impso onse nthawi imodzi.

Kodi impso?

thupi ili munthu ndi tima kwambiri magazi okwanira. Ndi ziwiya zambiri impso ndi nsalu ntchito kotero bwino kuti iwo ankatchedwa "maukonde zodabwitsa." Zoterezi yogwira kotunga magazi n'kofunika kuti agwire ntchito zikuluzikulu - lililonse fyuluta chachiwiri magazi, kulekanitsa zigawo zosafunika ndi madzi ndi kuwabweretsa mu mkodzo, kotero thupi amatchedwa "plasma ultrafiltrate". Choncho, pa tsiku impso "ankachitira" pafupifupi 150 malita a madzi, analandira chifukwa pafupifupi 1.5 malita a filtrate (zambiri ana ndi akulu ayenera kupangidwa osachepera 1 ml / kg thupi paola, koma osapitirira 3 ml ya / kg / ola).

Pali mfundo ziwiri zazikulu mu impso ndi:

1) kusefera, imene mpira ndi kusewera. Magazi umadutsa mndandanda "sieve". Chifukwa, mapuloteni, zinthu ma ndi ena madzi kumbuyo mu m'magazi, ndi kusungunuka plasma mankhwala apite patsogolo mu tubules wa nephron lapansi.

2) n'zosiyana suction. Kudzera njira iyi, magazi kukonzedwa mobwerezabwereza tubules, ndi kugwa mu mkodzo yaing'ono kuchuluka kwa ndalama choyambirira cha madzi, pang'ono zogwirizana electrolytes, asafe, poizoni ndi mankhwala, amene anali kusungunuka mu madzi a.

Kuwonjezera kuti impso Zosefera magazi, komanso mtsikanayu chitukuko cha zinthu zofunika kutsitsa magazi, komanso ngati zinthu kupangidwa kwa erythrocytes.

Chifukwa cha zomwe pali zizindikiro za glomerulonephritis?

1. Streptococcal matenda: lacunar kapena zilonda zapakhosi (zambiri), zilonda zapakhosi, khungu zotupa pustules - impetigo. Mu nkhani iyi, chitetezo "amakumbukira" momwe kuyang'ana streptococcus Antigen mdani, ndipo chifukwa kapangidwe ka minofu impso akufanana bakiteriya izi, bwanji impso glomerulus ndi nephron.
2. matenda ena:

- bakiteriya sepsis, chibayo, endocarditis, chifukwa zomera coccal, meningococcal, typhoid malungo ;

- HIV: chiwindi B, "nkhumba", katsabola, enterovirus;

- matenda oyamba ndi mogwirizana: malungo, toxoplasmosis.

3. Kuyamba mankhwala m'thupi, serums, katemera zosiyanasiyana. Mu nkhani iyi, chitetezo chokwanira "amachitira" zonsezo yachilendo (kukonzekera ameneŵa pamaziko a mapuloteni a nyama zosiyanasiyana monga akavalo). Ovuta "Antigen kuphatikiza oteteza mwini" anachedwa pafupi glomerulus impso ndi kuononga.

4. matenda zokhudza zonse: periarteritis nodosa, zokhudza zonse lupus erythematosus, syndrome Goodpasture a, vasculitis. Mu milandu, nthawi zambiri anapanga chitetezo ku chigawo chachikulu cha impso glomerulus - Kakhungu.

5. Ena olumala a chitetezo cha m'thupi.

6. Report impso perfusion mu zikhalidwe za hypothermia ndi chinyezi mkulu.

zizindikiro za glomerulonephritis

Matendawa akhoza kukhala pachimake, subacute (kwambiri zilonda) kapena aakulu. Abweretsa aliyense wa mitundu - ndi zambiri kapena zochepa kwambiri kuonongeka glomeruli (nthawi zina m'madera ena a impso ndi), potero kudutsa ndi mkodzo mapuloteni, maselo magazi. Palokha, mapuloteni amasunga madzimadzi mu m'magazi. Pamene iye anali ang'onoang'ono, zikupereka pang'ono mu zotengera magazi zipita zimakhala ndi. Choncho analandira kutupa. Komanso, masamba ndi mapuloteni monga globulins, chifukwa thupi amakhala kuti atengeke matenda.

Chifukwa cha imfa ya maselo magazi mu mkodzo akufotokozera magazi m'thupi. Komanso, mavuto ndi njira ya zolimbikitsa mapangidwe maselo ofiira atsopano magazi. Komanso kupanga ndondomeko wasweka ndi mankhwala amene amachepetsa magazi.

Zizindikiro wokonda glomerulonephritis ali osiyanasiyana, mwamphamvu osiyana. Iwo amaoneka masabata 1-2 pambuyo katemera kapena matenda, angathe mofulumira, mukhoza pang'onopang'ono. Zizindikiro zazikulu za glomerulonephritis ndi:

- kufooka, mutu, nseru, kusowa chilakolako;

- malungo;

- kuchepa kuchuluka kwa mkodzo;

- kuoneka ululu kuzimiririka mbali zonse;

- mkodzo chofiira, bulauni mtundu ( "mtundu wa slops nyama"), nthawi zina imperceptible mithunzi kusintha, koma zotsatira za mayeso mkodzo anasonyeza kuti pali ambiri erythrocytes kusinthidwa;

- monga mu kusanthula ambiri a mkodzo angasonyeze kuti pali mapuloteni, maselo oyera mu ambiri zonenepa;

- nkhope pansi miyendo zatupa, ndi kutupa zimakhala wandiweyani ndi zofewa, mosavuta akunena; pali chizolowezi ndikuzimwaza pa pamimba, kuchepetsa kumbuyo;

- ngati zomvetsa mapuloteni lalikulu, ndi madzi exuded ndi pleural ndi peritoneal M'mimbamo, ndi thumba mtima: kukula kufupika kwa mpweya, zovuta kusuntha, angathe edema m'mapapo mwanga;

- kuthamanga magazi manambala osiyana;

- wotumbululuka khungu, youma;

- tsitsi kuzimiririka, Chimaona.

Mwina zosiyana zizindikiro, koma zambiri popanda maonekedwe a magazi mu mkodzo, kuchepetsa chiwerengero chake matenda edema ndipo simungathe kuchita. kawirikawiri, matenda si anasonyeza mawonetseredwe. Munthu sadzakhala wasenza mpaka nthawi imene ambiri glomeruli asiye kugwira ncthito.

Ngati pa chaka simungathe kugonjetsa glomerulonephritis pachimake, akukhulupirira kuti iye anapita ku mawonekedwe aakulu. Izi ntchito ndi:

- aakulu matenda (zilonda zapakhosi kapena sinusitis aakulu, caries mano);

- matenda awo sagwirizana ndi autoimmune alipo;

- pafupipafupi pachimake matenda kupuma tizilombo nthawi imeneyi.

ndondomeko aakulu akhoza anaonetsa osakaniza zizindikiro zosiyana:

- yekha mu mkodzo mukhale magazi, kutupa, ndipo palibe kuwonjezeka kuthamanga;

- alipo, ndi oopsa, ndi edema, ndi akuchira yambiri mapuloteni mu mkodzo;

- ndi chizindikiro chachikulu - kuthamanga kwa magazi, kutupa ndi pafupifupi kumeneko, koma kusintha mu mkodzo pafupifupi wosaonekayo "ndi diso";

- akhoza amangoona kusintha mu mkodzo, ngati kubwereka kwa kuwunika, edema ndi amayamba kuthamanga uko.

Pankhaniyi, ngati ena chinthu imfayo exacerbation wa ndondomeko aakulu, zizindikiro adzakhala zioneke bwino, kutchulidwa monga glomerulonephritis pachimake.

mankhwalawa glomerulonephritis

Therapy kwa nthawi yoyamba ikuchitika yekha m'chipatala. Munthu amasankhidwa ndi bedi zina ndi zakudya mchere ufulu ndi zochepa kwambiri zomanga thupi ndi madzi. Ngati pali umboni wakuti chifukwa cha matenda - njira bakiteriya mu thupi, ndiye anagwira ukhondo cholinga cha matenda, mankhwala amene tikubweretsazi. Kuchokera pa zimene kuwonetsera zizindikiro glomerulonephritis, ndi chithandizo kumatengera.

Pakuti mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala:

- mahomoni, glucocorticoids, cytostatics ndipo amasiya okha a impso;

- mankhwala kuti kusintha otaya magazi kwa impso;

- okodzetsa;

- mankhwala antihypertensive;

- ngati n'koyenera, kukonzekera mapuloteni, erythrocyte misa (otsika hemoglobin) kutumikiridwa m'nsinga.