Zojambulajambula Edvard Munch: ntchito, yonena

Chithunzicho, amene ntchito mu West, kuvala ndime ndi Gauguin ndi Cézanne, osati bwino kudziwika mu Russia. Genius, ankaona mlengi wa nyengo yatsopano ndi amene analemba wachisoni chithunzi cha imfa, anakumana ndi kusokonekera ubongo izo woyesedwa.

Mu unyamata wake, iye anatchula kuti tsiku lidzafika pamene kutsogolo kwa nsalu zokha ayi wake adzachotsa zipewa onse, monga ngati mu mpingo, koma kuzindikira pagulu iye anali kutali kwambiri. "Popanda zojambula wanga I - kanthu," - kamodzi anabvomera Edvard Munch, amene ntchito tsopano amadziwika kwambiri kuposa wolemba yekha.

Kumvetsa luso choyambirira cha chithunzicho, m'pofunika amadziwa chimene iye ankakhala polenga katswiri, "lolembedwa ndi mwazi wa mtima wake."

umasiye

Mu 1863 ku Norway malo wojambula, amene ntchito adzatchedwa chithunzi wonse watsopano, uzirani anakhazikitsa mwambo paluso. Edvard Munch, amene yonena ladzala ndi masoka amene anasiya chizindikiro awo pa ntchito zake, mwamphamvu mizu mbiri monga Mlengi, amene ntchito zimayambitsa amadza chiwawa maganizo pa wowerenga lapansi.

Edward anakumbukira ubwana wake monga kutha zonse zomvetsa. Kukhala mayi ake anamwalira ndi mlongo wake wokondedwa amene anamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu, ndipo mnyamatayo chisoni napita ulendo moyo wake. Imathamanga kukumbukira ake siteji kuti: "Kuti mchikuta wanga akhamukira wakuda angelo misala, matenda, imfa, ndipo anali limodzi ndi moyo."

Chifanizo cha mtendere wamumtima

Pambuyo sukulu Munch kuphunzira kukhala katswiri, koma panthawi ina kuzindikira kuti maloto chabe kujambula. Pali ngakhale yeniyeni tsiku - November 8, 1888, linali kenako tsikulo munthu kujambula kuopa kuvutika anaonekera kutsogolo kwa moyo achinyamata kuti anasankha kukhala wojambula.

"Nthawi zambiri kudzuka thukuta ozizira ndipo anayang'ana pozungulira chipinda chake kuonetsetsa mu gehena Ine" - anavomereza kuti mapeto a moyo wa Edvard Munch. Chithunzi wamng'ono zojambulajambula anapatsira zinamuchitikira: Sanasangalale "wokongola" chithunzi, kuganizira mfundo yakuti si kuonekera kwa chipolopolo lakunja la munthu.

Zosonyeza anthu, anapanga chimataya pa dziko wamumtima: "More palibe wojambula wina, Finyani mutu wanu kuti dontho otsiriza, monga ine."

zolinga wachisoni ntchito

A mndandanda wa withdrawals zomvetsa chisoni anapitiriza - Munch bambo ake anamwalira, mng'ono mlongo, anamwalira mu chipatala cha wadwala matenda okhudza ubongo. Zimenezi zimaonekera ntchito zojambula za - amajambulapo maluwa okongola zakuda kusungulumwa ndi imfa kupeza mphamvu kwambiri. Otsutsa ananena kuti wolemba anali ndi luso lochititsa chidwi kwambiri zowoneka kusonyeza lokhala wosasangalala ndiponso zimene mumachita.

Pambuyo zomvetsa Munch ankaona chifukwa chachikulu cha masoka onse a Mulungu. Iye renounces chipembedzo, kufufuza okha dongosolo latsopano la makhalidwe abwino. Poganizira dziko kanthu, chithunzicho akufotokoza meaninglessness moyo wa munthu ndi akutitsimikizira kuti kudzera luso akhoza kukwaniritsa chosafa.

Pamene ndinali kuwerenga pa luso sukulu, Edvard Munch, amene zojambula zovuta kunena kuti malangizo wosakwatiwa, amafuna kupatsidwa kwa luso. Iye sanafune ntchito yake monga azikongoletsa makoma a nyumbazo kapena zinthu zochititsa chidwi. "Zojambula wanga - izi ndi zomwe ndakumana nazo ndekha, tsikulo wanga. Iwo anapereka tanthawuzo kuti moyo wanga "- adagawa wa zojambula kwambiri.

Potseka chionetserocho

Ulendo dziko anadziwa inde a madera osiyana ndipo masitaelo zaluso. Iye anasonyeza ntchito zake mu tambirimbiri, koma anachititsa kwambiri kulira pagulu, ndipo chionetserocho chinatsekedwa. Ambuye wa sukulu chakale cha kupenta ankaona zithunzi zachilendo chipongwe kwa wowerenga, ndipo Munch yekha kutchedwa anarchist. Mawu akuti chionetserocho "yonyansa" kutseka ntchito kuzindikirike ndi kupata achinyamata kuyamba amasirira zithunzi manyazi kwambiri.

Kudzasokonezeka moyo

Anazolowera kusungulumwa mnyamata akuthamanga kuchokera ubale ndi akazi, amawapatsa ntchito chakupha ku tsogolo la anthu onse. The kugonana chilungamo mu kugwa m'chikondi ndi yochititsa chidwi luso zachilendo mnyamata maso moto, koma Munch ankakhulupirira kuti maganizo kufooketsa cholinga chake polenga.

Kudziwika wojambula mokhudza chibwenzi ndi mwana wa wamalonda mfulu, momvetsa chisoni kwa onse: obsessive mtsikana amene anakhala katundu kwa Mnyamata anayesetsa poizoni Iye, m'mene anaphunzira Edward kulekanitsa, ndipo pambuyo kwenikweni kuuka kwa akufa, iye anawomberedwa mu dzanja ndi zojambulajambula lapansi.

kusokonezeka mantha ndi mankhwala a matenda

Anapirira ntchito zingapo ndipo anataya chala, Munch nkhawa za tsogolo lake luso. Mu wojambula unsociable ndiye umayamba nkhani yeniyeni ya chizunzo kukonda. misempha yake zapita zambiri, ndi wojambula unasweka pa anthu mwachisawawa. Iye akanakhoza ngakhale kumenya amene maganizo ake, ndemanga anthu unflattering za iye. kuukira kawirikawiri anali limodzi ndi zochita aukali mtovu Munch kuchipatala cha anthu amisala, pamene iye woyesedwa ndi electroshock.

wojambula anadziwa kuti sanali yekha pothana ndi uchidakwa ndi kuvutika maganizo, nayitana thandizo Katswiri. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti matenda sanamusiye ndipo pambuyo chithandizo yaitali. Koma Edward anatenga izo, kuganiza kuti ntchito yake inextricably zogwirizana ndi kusokonezeka kwa ubongo.

Kutchuka zosayembekezereka

Pambuyo mankhwala tima Munch anamasulidwa. "Palibe mophweka kutuluka. mafunso onse sangayankhe ngati mukufuna. Inu kupeka zimene amayembekezera adotolo, kapena kukhala kumeneko mpaka kalekale, "- kukumbukira ogwirizana Edvard Munch. Ntchito za wojambula kwambiri cha nthawi imene anakhala ku chipatala, ndi kukhala wotchuka.

Ambuye, amene anakhala wotchuka usiku ovuta mwayi tambirimbiri a dziko, ndi okhometsa payekha. Koma "mdima Norway" monga limatchedwa zosiyana, anali pachangu palibe polekanitsa ndi mwana wawo. Iye sakanakhoza kuchita mbakonda zojambula wake.

Tione ngati kulanda moyo wa munthu

Wojambula Edvard Munch anasolola malingaliro onse mwa yekha, poyesa kuthandiza luso lake kwa ena kumvetsetsa zovuta za moyo ndi kufotokoza cholinga chake. Pambuyo 1900, Analenga Kutolere zithunzi, kukhala mtundu wanyimbo yaikulu pa ntchito yake. Awa anali ntchito losaiwalika limene zingwe yowawitsa ya moyo wa munthu zinafufuzidwanso. chithunzicho sanalembe kuyitanitsa zithunzi za anthu amene sankadziwa, ndi kusamutsa kufanana kunja kungoti kunali kukhuta.

Zilandiridwenso mu zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Koma patapita nthawi ya otsutsa mbuye ambiri anazindikira zinalephereka kwambiri. Edvard Munch, amene ntchito anadzazidwa ndi malingaliro akuya nzeru zaumunthu, koma anapeza ofooka mwa mawu a zojambulajambula, wakuchitirani ntchito yomwe wake. kalembedwe wake wasintha kwambiri, ndipo zithunzi zojambulidwa zikwapu akhakula, anakhumudwa mafani awo. Amadziwika kuti wolemba ankadwala matenda diso, chifukwa chimene kenako kwathunthu anasiya kugwira ntchito.

Munch Anamwalira kumayambiriro 1944, pafupi Oslo, pa ntchito German. Sadzatisiya atamwalira ophunzira chifukwa cha ntchito yake chosiyana kwambiri munthu ndi zotengera malingaliridwe.

"Odwala Bakuman": a nalo mlongo wake wokondedwa

"Chirichonse chimene ndinachita ku ntchito, ayenera kubadwa filimu imeneyi" - kamodzi anavomereza Munch. "Odwala Bakuman" - oyambirira a ntchito zake, wojambula yapanga wotchuka. Nato mabala pambuyo pa imfa ya achibale ubwana anasiya chizindikiro kukoma pa moyo n'zaka mnyamata. Anasonyeza kufa kwake kwa mlongo TB komanso zolinga za matenda ndi imfa zambiri anadutsa ntchito yake.

Kwa zaka makumi anai Munch sanalole imfa yadzidzidzi ya mlongo wake wokondedwa, ndipo iye walenga Mabaibulo asanu cithunzithunzi ici, pansi kutsutsa kwambiri ndi anthu. Kufotokoza msungwana pa ntchito yake anamugoneka, ndipo ankadziwa lofunika kunasintha ntchito chithunzicho, anawatsogolera yoipa zimene anthu m'njira nkhanza kulemba ndi chisonyezo cha maganizo kwambiri woletsedwawo - mavuto, ululu komanso kumva anthu.

Kuzunzidwa kwa otsutsa ndi kusamvetsa pagulu

Zonse kumvetsera atamunamizira maganizo ndi formlessness kuperekedwa kwa omvetsera ntchito unsociable Edvard Munch. Zithunzi ndi mayina chigogomeza tsoka kwambiri mpaka ululu wa mwini, anali osavomerezeka ndi anthu, osati kukonda yomalizidwa nsalu, ali kutali ndi zimathandizadi luso. Otsutsa anachita likulakwitsa kuukira wojambula ndi Mlengi wake moona analephera.

A zojambulajambula luso anakakamizika nkhondo ufulu zilandiridwenso, tsiku takumana ndi kunyoza zosaneneka, ndipo amasuliza kudzera akuvutika mbewu, kupatsira munthu aliri, osati maonekedwe ake. Munch polenga osati ankawachotsera ndi malamulo muyezo zithunzi zojambulajambula, kwenikweni kakasi m'nthawi moyo woona.

Bakuman kupenta "The kukuwa"

Kwambiri kuzindikira mankhwala a namatetule wa mbuye - kupatsira chenicheni anthu mantha kupenta "The kukuwa". Munch amene ankadwala mantha pa malo lotseguka, anasonyeza kuti mbali yaikulu, amene akumverera chinachake ankhanza. Ndipo mantha zosaneneka amagwidwa iye yekha, ndi manambalawo awiri kumbuyo nkhani mtendere, popanda kumva kulira kowopsya.

Akatswiri a zojambulajambula Norway kuziganizira kuti ukonde kwalembedwa mchikakamizo cha kukhazikika m'maganizo matenda Munch. Sexless cholengedwa, adatsegula pakamwa pake, mutu zake m'manja, osati kumva kukuwa zoopsa akanatha anauziridwa ndi momwe Amama, amene adawona chionetsero Norway.

Wamaliseche mitsempha Munch

Loimira chachilendo ndi wachisoni ntchito "kukuwa"? Munch ankakhulupirira kuti munthu nkhondo ndi chikhalidwe silingayende bwino. chithunzi pokhala kusoŵeka m'chimake zoteteza, ndipo aliyense mphamvu kunja kumupanga iye ululu kwambiri. The mbali yaikulu - ndi mlengi, ndipo misempha yake maliseche kuyankha iliyonse yolankhulana. Munch kutetezedwa kulira achilengedwe, ndi chithunzi wasonyeza ngwazi nkwachibadwa mantha munthu akuthawa ngozi kapena akungomuganizira.

wathuwu

Poyamba kujambula amatchedwa "Kulira kwa chikhalidwe." Ndi zimenezo, kunjenjemera ndi chisangalalo, iye anamverera wolemba mu 1892 mu Nice. Mwina n'zosadabwitsa kuti woterowo chithunzi wachisoni wa ofanana lachinsinsi temberero aliyense amene abwera kwa Iye kulankhulana. Antchito kusamutsa chithunzi, kudzipha chifukwa cha mutu kwambiri, ndipo anagwa mu ngozi. Atagwira chinsalu chidwi mlendo ndi moto mpaka kufa mu nyumba yake.

A chithunzi ofunika kwambiri kuposa $ 70 miliyoni mobwerezabwereza kwathu, koma iye nthawizonse anabwerera Munch Museum ku Oslo. Eerie m'mlengalenga kulengedwanso pa lona, zimakhudza psyche wa wowerenga, ndipo mfundo imeneyi ndi sayansi anatsimikizira.

Palibe amene akudziwa kaya ngozi zoopsa, achotse miyoyo ya anthu, kapena kupenta ndithu lachinsinsi ali tsoka zoipa. Chirichonse chimene icho chinali, koma alendo nyumbayi akuyesetsa circumvent izo.

"Chitonthozo". The zithunzi mu utoto

Zachilendo utoto fanizo la anthu awiri amene anakhala wamaliseche pa mapepala khoma maziko analengedwa mu 1894 akadali pang'ono odziwika Munch. "Chitonthozo" - kotero iye anaitana ntchito yake likutipatsa tingawapeze kupatsira kutaya mtima ndi chisoni mkazi, kuyika manja ake kuichotsa-papezeka nkhope yake. Wake mokoma kundikumbatira phewa munthu, koma pansi anthuwo manja ake akhoza kuchepetsa zosayembekezereka chikoti cha tsoka limene anawononga moyo wopambana wa mnzake.

Zithunzi Munch - ndi dziko palokha, amene anachoka zithunzi mwatsatanetsatane kuti generalization. "Chitonthozo" anali mmodzi wa ntchito zoyamba likutipatsa ndi wotchuka Norway.

Chithunzi-akatiputa "Madonna"

Onse moyo wake akuvutika Munch a "Madonna" amene amafanana pang'ono kuti bwino fano tingachipeze powerenga, ophatikizidwa maganizo ake chinsinsi pa lona. Iye ankaona mkazi chinsinsi kwa anthu onse: "Woyera ndi wankhanza, mankhwala ndi mavuto. munthu amene ali openga. "

Mwatsoka paubwenzi ndi mwana wake kulephereka vinyo wamalonda chizindikiro pa moyo wa munthu, amene ankakhulupirira kuti kukongola mkazi ndi zopweteka ndi woopsa. "Madonna" wojambula wopanda chiyero aliyense ndi ungwiro. Ili mu chisangalalo mkazi kuphimba maso ake wotopa ndipo analumphira mu zomverera za. tsitsi lake mwa buluu refluent kusungunuka ndipo ankaoneka zinadzala ndi ngozi. Wachisoni maziko chinsalu chisokonezo ndipo likunena za mtundu wa kuopseza anthu onse.

Munch kulenga ntchito imene chikondi umakhudza mapeto a moyo padziko lapansi, ndimafuna pochitika magawo onse, omwe ndi mayi - kuchokera mimba ndi kubereka imfa. Ndipo omvetsera anamva zotukwana ndithu chithunzi, zomwe limangopereka kampira ofanana ndi chifaniziro ovomerezeka a Madonna.

"Onditsanzikira": ululu kutha

Mu pepala ili, Ndinapereka atatu Edvard Munch kupenta kalembedwe. "Onditsanzikira" kwalembedwa pambuyo chochitika zoipa chikondi maubwenzi chithunzicho, nagawira chitsanzo chifaniziro cha zakumbuyo ndi zam'tsogolo. Iye amayang'ana pa mkati ndi kunja dziko azivutika, amasonyezedwa ndi nkhope yachisoni, namgwira dzanja lake wamagazi pa mtima. Kumanja Munch utoto wowala kavalidwe ziwembu zopulula mtsikana. wolemba mfundo yakuti popeza anasiya ngwazi za amayesetsa kuiwala chimodzi chimene chinam'chititsa kuvutika kwambiri, ndipo nkhope yake mpaka kalekale achotsa pamtima wake.

Kutsogolo kwa munthu ndi chinthu ngati chomera zachilendo kapena cholengedwa ndi mitu iwiri. Red chinthu chimene chikuwoneka olimba poyamba akupitirizabe analekanitsidwa. Ife tinkakonda surrealism, ikuimira ndi luso Nouveau Ndikuuzani tsoka olekanitsa.

Moyo wosafa zojambula

Lonely ndi zovuta converge ndi anthu Edvard Munch, amene ntchito umboni talente yake undoubted, m'masiku ake anagwedeza nkhani zambirimbiri za ntchito yake, izi zikusonyeza umunthu otsutsana a wolemba. Amene sankafuna polekanitsa ndi zojambula za zowawa ndi maloto kuphatikiza nawo pamodzi, Munch akupitiriza kukhala zojambula wake apanga iye kukhala wachisavundi.