"Mfundo za Hunter": Kodi mutu waukulu wa nkhaniyi ndi "Biryuk" ndi chiyani?

Turgenev, mlembi wotchuka kwambiri wa Chirasha, adadziwika osati chifukwa cha ntchito zake, komanso chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake abwino auzimu. Kulemba mndandanda wa nkhani zazifupi "Mfundo za Hunter", adatha kutsogolera wolamulira wa Alexander II, yemwe, atatha kuwerenga, anatenga mimba yakuchotsa serfdom. Izi zikuphatikizapo nkhani ya bwanamkubwa Biryuk. Kodi mutu waukulu wa nkhaniyi ndi "Biryuk" ndi chiyani? Tidzayesera kupeza.

Moyo wovuta wa anthu osauka

Nkhani "Biryuk" ndi imodzi mwa nkhani zisanu ndi ziwiri za kayendetsedwe kake "Mfundo za Hunter". Mlembi wa aliyense wa iwo ndi msaki wina yemwe amachita nawo zochitikazo.

Protagonist, Biryuk, akuwonekera patsogolo pathu ngati munthu wamphamvu, wolimba mtima. Ndipotu, dzina lake ndi Foma Kuzmich. Dzina lake lotchulidwira, lomwe limatanthauza "kusungulumwa, munthu wokwiya", adalandira chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake ndi zochitika zina.

Poyamba, adali munthu wokondwa kwambiri: anali ndi banja, ana awiri, ankagwira ntchito monga forester, ndikugwira ntchito yake mosamala. Koma zochitika pamoyo wake zasintha: mkazi, amusiya iye ndi ana, atasiya ndi mwamuna wamzinda. Koma Biryuk sali wopunduka, iye akupitiriza kugwira ntchito ndi kukhala moyo, amaletsa ana awiri, mmodzi mwa iwo ali mwana. Ndi kovuta kunena mwamsanga zomwe mutu waukulu wa nkhaniyi ndi "Biryuk." Umenewu ndi moyo wolemera kwambiri, ndi umunthu wolimba wa woyang'anira nyumba, ndi kuperekedwa kwa mkazi wokondedwa. Ganizirani zinthu zomwe zidzatithandizire kuzindikira mutu waukulu.

Kunyumba kwanga ndi malo anga achitetezo

Kotero iwo amati aliyense ali ndi denga pamwamba pa mutu wake. Kodi woyang'anira nyumbayo anali ndi nyumba yaikulu? Tiyeni tikumbukire momwe Turgenev "amatsogolera" msaki ndi wowerenga ku nyumba ya anthu. Alibe pansi, chophika chimodzi chokha, anthu amagona pansi. Mtsikanayo, wopanda nsapato, adachoka m'chipinda, anali mwana wamkazi wa Biryuk. Ubwana wake ndi wofanana ndi nthawi yosangalatsa iyi: amasamalira mwana yemwe akadakali wamng'ono ndipo akugona mu khanda. Chilichonse chozungulira ndi mdima ndi zonyansa, zomwe zimamveka - palibe mbuye. Mayi weniweni, wachikulire. Amafuna mwana wa zaka khumi ndi ziwiri za dongosolo lonse m'nyumba ndi kusamalira mwanayo sizingatheke. Komabe, mwana wamkazi wa Foma sakudandaula kanthu, amangogwedeza mwanayo ndi modzichepetsa.

Chakudya amakhalanso ochepa: Biryuk sangathe kupereka mlenje koma mkate ndi madzi, ndipo mwanayo ayenera kuyamwa nyanga yakuda. Banja liyenera kukhala lovuta kwambiri. Kodi mutu waukulu wa nkhaniyi ndi "Biryuk" ndi chiyani? Mosakayikira, umphawi, koma panthawi yomweyi mphamvu ya munthu wa ku Russia, yemwe sangathetse mavuto.

Wamphamvu ndi wosabvunda

Nkhokwe imawonekera patsogolo pathu koyamba kowala ndi mphezi yoyera. Mlembiyo adatiwonetsa ife msilikali weniweni ndi minofu yamphamvu, kukula kwakukulu ndi thupi lamphamvu. Ngakhale ali wokwiya, akadali munthu wabwino kwambiri. Iye sanalole mlenje kuti adyowe mu mvula, koma anapereka kuti amuyembekezere iye mu nyumba yosauka. Nchifukwa chiani tikuwona munthu wamphamvu koma wowawa mu nkhani yonseyi? Zoonadi, moyo ndi wovuta kwa iye. Mkazi wake atamusiya, adakhala ndi ana awiri akuvutika. Komabe, tikuwona mbali ina ya khalidwe lake - kuyankha. Umboni umenewo ndi nkhani ndi wakuba amene amafuna kudula m'nkhalango yomwe imatetezedwa ndi oyang'anira Biryuk.

Amphawi onse adadziwa kuti Foma salola aliyense kudutsa, sakalola kulola m'nkhalango. Iye sanalandire ziphuphu, ngakhale kuti anali umphawi, anachita moona mtima ntchito yake. Mutu wina waukulu wa nkhaniyi "Biryuk" ndi umphumphu wa munthu wa ku Russia, udindo kwa anthu omwe adamupatsa udindo woterewu.

Serfdom - ayi! Kodi mutu waukulu wa nkhaniyi ndi "Biryuk" ndi chiyani?

Tinatha kupeza nkhani zomwe Turgenev adalankhula m'nkhani yake. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti chilakolako chochotsa serfdom nthawi imeneyo chikusonyeza zomwe mutu waukulu wa nkhaniyi ndi "Biryuk." Tomasi ndi wakubayo ndi antchito. Kodi aliyense amakhala bwanji? Osauka kwambiri. Koma ngati oyamba ali munthu wamphamvu ndi wolemekezeka, winayo ali wokonzeka kuchita chigawenga, anasiya umphawi. Amapita ku gawolo, lomwe limayang'aniridwa ndi Biryuk wotchuka kwambiri, ndipo pangozi yake imadula nkhalango. Komabe adagwidwa. Koma apa akuwonetsa zofooka zake, akumangirira chisoni, amanyoza Biryuk, kuti apulumuke mwa njira zonse. Panthawiyi, Foma amakana kutenga ndalama ku nkhalango, yoperekedwa ndi wosaka-wosaka, kuti apulumutse anthu osauka.

Nkhani "Biryuk" inalembedwa ndi Turgenev ngati chisonyezero cha kutsutsa motsutsa serfdom. Iye akuwonetsa momwe zinaliri zovuta pa nthawi imeneyo kwa serfs. Ndipo momwe anthu amachitira mosiyana pansi pa zosiyana.

N'zodziwikiratu kuti zimakhala zovuta kwa ife kukhala m'nthaŵi ina kuti timvetse momwe zinalili zovuta kwa iwo.