Zophiphiritsa Plato a Cave. Chobisika ndi Kulingalira

Ancient Greece anapereka anamatetule dziko, yemwe zophunzitsa maziko a sayansi amakono. zolemba zawo ndi maganizo Musataye kufunika kwake kwa zaka. Ntchito zoterozo monga "zophiphiritsa za Cave" wa Plato, amene kusanthula mwachidule ndi kutanthauzira anatengedwa ndi njira kuperekedwa mu pepala.

za Plato

Plato - katswiri wa Greece wakale, amene ntchito anali kuphunzira ndi otsatira ambiri. Anabadwira ku Athens, mu banja, amene mizu mafumu akale.

Plato linadzaza nthawi mapangidwe ndi kuyamba kulemba ndakatulo. Kuzolowerana ndi Socrates ndi ubwenzi wawo anakhala kutsogolera kupita mwakuya ku nzeru ya. Mu Athens, iye substantiates sukulu, kumene iye adzakupatsani nzeru ophunzira ambiri woyenera.

ntchito Plato ali lathuli m'njira sanali muyezo wa kukambirana zambiri umenenso inaimitsidwa ndi Socrates.

maziko a nzeru osati anaika mu momveka bwino, mu dialogues wake, iwo ali monga dongosolo la maganizo. "Zophiphiritsa za Cave" wa Plato - wina wa maphunziro wake wotchuka yophiphiritsa anthu, ndi chikhulupiriro mu ziphunzitso apamwamba mphamvu.

"Zophiphiritsa za Cave" wa Plato. chidule

"Zophiphiritsa za Cave" wa Plato - ndi zophiphiritsa, zomwe nzeru zapamwamba amagwiritsa kufotokoza mfundo zake. Pezani, tingakhale ntchito mu "State", mu mutu wachisanu ndi chiwiri. "Zophiphiritsa za Cave" mwachidule Plato tiyang'ane pansipa.

Yambani Nthano - ikulongosola za powonekera: "kukhala mobisa, ngati mphanga." Pali anthu unyolo amphamvu kuti salola kuti iwo otsata kuunika ndi pozungulira. anthu awa kuona zokhazo zomwe zili patsogolo pawo. Amene akukumana mmoto ndi kuyatsa apatsa. Nearby ndi khoma, kumbuyo zomwe ena mfulu ndi zinthu ziwiri zosiyana: mafano, ziwiya ndi mwanaalirenji. Anthu amene ali andende Kuphanga kuona zinthu okha, koma mithunzi awo. Amaona iwo, maina, koma mawonekedwe awo pano, mtundu, chimake cha zinthu zilipo iwo. Kotero izo zikumveka kuti iwo akhoza kumva akaidi maunyolo anthu molakwika am'patse mithunzi. Iwo saona zinthu zoona, koma mithunzi ndi kumvetsa kwawo kwa iwo.

"Zophiphiritsa za Cave." chimake

"Zophiphiritsa za Cave" Plato limasonyeza maganizo ake ndithu pompopompo bwinobwino.

Komanso, Plato, mu kukambirana wake ndi Glaucon chiwembu umakula imene wowerenga kuganiza, momwe zinthu mkaidi ngati iye adzamasulidwa ndi kuloledwa kufufuza zinthu amene mithunzi anaona. Interlocutor Plato ananena kuti adzakhala excruciatingly zopweteka kwa mkaidi, ndiye "muyenera chizolowezi."

Ndipo Plato ndi Glaucon anaona Mwina mkulu kuti kumasulidwa kwa mphanga adzatha kumvetsa ndi kuvomereza akamanena za zinthu izi, anawasiya monga mthunzi wa maganizo olakwikawa. Koma kodi chingachitike n'chiyani ngati mkaidi kuti abwerere? Plato ndi Glaucon amakhulupirira kuti pamene anabwerera ku nthumbi, ndi amayesetsa kale kutsegula maso a anamasula anzake. Kodi kulandiridwa ndi kuzindikira? Mwatsoka, ayi, ndiye kuti kukhala zoseketsa komanso openga mpaka ndiye, mpaka maso ake kusintha kwa mdima ndi mithunzi kachiwiri anawachonderera mu malo enieni. Komanso, anaikidwa wosatha chilengedwe maunyolo kuti amaganiza kuti ufulu wake ndi kukhala kunja phanga anamveketsa zamagulu ndi kuti iwo sali oyenera kuyesetsa lachipulumutso.

Choncho, Plato anafotokoza chilakolako lingaliro apamwamba a munthu ndi maganizo anthu kuti chilakolako chimenechi.

"Zophiphiritsa za Cave" wa Plato. Tanthauzo la zolaula ndi chobisika

Bodza, amene si ngakhale chidutswa ngakhale limodzi zinawukhira monga nzeru, ndipo zina zambiri mumaganiza sayansi, omwe wapeza Mthandizi matanthauzo ake obisika. Pano pali mbali lanzeru ndi zoonekeratu tanthauzo la nthano ku maganizo a munthu:

• zimamvekera, ndi supersensible. mphamvu mithunzi looneka mawu amamva mwa iwo. Koma muyenera kuyesetsa kumvetsa tanthauzo lalikulu la zinthu. Iwo supersensibly ndi khama maganizo
• boma monga nsinga, kumasuka ndi kubwerera (mbali imeneyi yofanana ambiri ndi boma mitu);
• maonekedwe ndi kuganiza. Munthu amaona mthunzi, koma sakuona chinthu. The zidindo iye ukhalabe mthunzi, kotero yankho m'malo chiphunzitso;
• njira ya moyo. Maso chabe pa mphamvu - yochepa, wokonda moyo wodzimana kuli. khama Mental kuti aone zimene anaona - supersensitive kuzindikira nzeru kuwunika.

kusanthula linayamba

Pali ntchito zimene angathe kukambirana za kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo anthu kusinkhasinkha amapereka zochepa. Izi ndi "zophiphiritsa za Cave" wa Plato. Iwo ali kwambiri mafano ndi malingaliro, amene kwa zaka ndi nkhani ya nzeru mu dziko.

Taganizirani zimene phindu ali chithunzithunzi cha kuphanga:

• Chiletso. Phanga ndi malire aone anthu, ntchito yake aluntha. Cave ngati chimango kwa cognition anthu. Ngati mkaidi ake kosaoneka maziko mkati iwo sasintha izo mmbuyo sakuvomereza. Phanga lomwelo ankaoneka kuteteza yokha ku chiwonongeko. Ngati anthu mkati adamuwona kamodzi dzuŵa, iwo chirichonse kutuluka mumdima. Koma phanga atseka iwo kukuwunika, ndi aneneri kopanda alibe chikhulupiriro.
• Cave monga boma. Maganizo lingaliro. Plato yekha konse anagogomezera pa kuzindikira mafano ake. Koma mwina ankaopa kuti sukulu yake ophunzira. Maganizo amenewa, ananena poyera, akhoza kwambiri amenye. Choncho, Plato analenga "State", "zophiphiritsa za Cave" mwa kuika pa ntchito imeneyi.

pomaliza

"Zophiphiritsa za Cave" wa Plato - Njira ya mpukutu wina kufotokoza mfundo zikuluzikulu za maganizo a dziko, boma ndi malo munthu mu izo. Kutanthauzira malingaliro ake amene angachite monga Iye anauza maganizo, pa zimenezi mtengo wa nugget izi nzeru za dziko yafupika.