A kuwala oyenda thanki T-18: makhalidwe ntchito, nkhondowo ntchito

Mu makumi mochedwa zaka mazana makumi awiri anafika woyamba akasinja Soviet, kuphatikizapo kuwala oyenda thanki T-18 (MS-1), zomwe poyamba mu dziko, zochokera French Ft-17 ndi Chitaliyana kusinthidwa ake. Dzina (lettering) amangoyima. Letter "T" akutanthauza mawu enieni "thanki". T-18 - ndi index kumene khumi - siriyo chiwerengero cha mtundu anayamba. Wachiwiri dzina - MS-1 - magwero a Soviet komanso zimachitika nthawi zambiri umaimira "yokonza otsika", chithunzi - ndi index kusonyeza chitsanzo choyamba mu kalasi.

nkhani

The Civil nkhondo anabweretsa Red Army zikho zambiri, Pakati anali akasinja White Alonda French kupanga. Iwo ankaphunzira ndipo ngakhale anamasulidwa nthawi zina pa fakitale Sormovo, akuitana mbewu yake, "Reno-Russian." Komabe, pali analamulira owonongedwa kuti anakumana ndi mavuto azachuma, koma chifukwa nthawi bwino popanga akasinja izi adagulung'undisa. Makamaka kale ngakhale wamba kumvetsa chitsanzo izi kwambiri ndi lothandiza muyenera kukonzekera nkhondo ndi pa zinthu zatsopano.

Popeza 1925, ili ndi anatenga choyamba okonza Soviet. thanki kupanga zambiri, "Reno-Russian" Inde, n'komwe. Kuwonjezera pa nkhondo Soviet-Polish anabweretsa mpikisano wina, amene anathandiza kulenga T-18. Zinali Italy oti muli nazo zida galimoto - Fiat-3000. Ndipo thanki wakhala anaphunzira njira za kukonzekera zolembedwa luso kwa thanki T-18, makhalidwe ake abwino amene anabwereka. Komabe, mayesero omaliza pa prototypes osiyanasiyana anatchula nambala mwachilungamo lalikulu onse ndi zofooka, makamaka galimotoyo ndi engine. Choncho, T-16 anakanidwa, kuipa nkhani, ndipo mu 1927 panali zambiri bwino zosintha - ndi T-18.

mayesero anamaliza

Small kuperekezedwa thanki anayesedwa mu June 1927. mayesero anali bwino, ndipo mu July oyambirira, kuwala thanki T-18 amawatenga Red Army. Ife anawatcha iwo MC-1, mwachitsanzo, yaing'ono thanki thandizo. Kuyambira February 1928 zinayambira kuŵeta ake, amene chinkhoswe mu fakitale "Bolshevik", ndipo zinatha mpaka mapeto a 1931.

Yopanga proschadi anatenga yatsopano kuwala thanki - ndi T-26, chomwenso ndi anafuna kuthandiza oyenda. Kwa zaka zonse izi (kuchokera mu 1928 mpaka mu 1932) linatulutsidwa makope osati ochepa kwambiri za makina woyamba wa chitukuko Soviet - pafupifupi zikwi, kukhala enieni - 959. The woyamba thanki - ndi T-18 ndi T-26 - anakwaniritsa cholinga chake - kukhala woyamba. Komabe, napeza m'minda ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.

Unsembe ndi opareshoni

The akasinja woyamba ndi mamangidwe awo onse kwenikweni anali, ndithudi, anaitenga ku opanga yachilendo. Kakonzedwe dera ali dongosolo tingachipeze powerenga za nthawi. Kulekana kwa injini ndi zida anali pa alumikizana wolimba, ndipo pafupifupi maudindo kutsogolo ndi nyumba pa nsanja anaika kasamalidwe thanki ndi zida zake.

Soviet thanki T-18 sanafune kuti adalira zambiri polimbana naye kupirira anthu awiri: mkulu - iye turret gunner - ndi woyendetsa. Yotsirizira anali pakati pa mzinda wa thupi, ndi mkulu muvi - mu alumikizana ndi turret, kumbuyo dalaivala. Embarkation ndi disembarkation anapangidwa mwa zimaswa bowa-chipewa, kukwera pamwamba nsanja, ndipo makaniko akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito ndi bicuspid zimaswa, yomwe inali pa nyumba kutsogolo.

zida

Zida sanali ndi mphamvu, ndi bwino kutetezedwa zipolopolo (sing'anga likungosonyeza mfuti) ndi ku zidutswa kakang'ono, kuyambira thanki anayamba kupanga pa mfundo za chitetezo cha zipolopolo. kusungitsa mawonekedwe wotsagana ndi akasinja pa nthawi anali za yomweyo: sitepe lakuthwa, popanda nazo iliyonse. thupi oti muli nazo zida wapangidwa millimeters pepala zitsulo sikisitini wandiweyani, mapepala onse riveted ndi pakati pawo ndi chimango lapansi.

Aft bronelisty yomatidwa chimango ndi akapichi momwemo iwo mosavuta anachotsa ngati n'koyenera. Pansi pa thankiyo ndi denga anali anatsindika theka zochepa - padali ntchito zitsulo pepala millimeters osachepera asanu wandiweyani. Nsanja anali pafupifupi nthawi zonse hexagon mawonekedwe. Popeza 1930, unafotokoza kuti kagawo kakang'ono kumbuyo kwa ngalawayo - kwa siteshoni. Ndimapanga turret zida mapepala anali millimeters sikisitini, koma denga ndi ndinazolowera kunyanyala mpweya sanali - izo zinali mu zitsulo si millimeters kuposa anayi. Mbali mazunzo la nsanjayo anali munakhazikitsa kukhazikitsa utumiki. Mpira Kuchitira analola nsanja kutembenukira, koma kuchita choncho zinali zotheka pamanja, ndipo izi zimafunika mkulu thanki.

zida

thanki aliyense chisanadze nkhondo, ndi mfundo yamakono ya view, anali bwino okonzeka. Komabe, nthawi kuti thanki chithunzithunzi kuposa ambiri a anzake ochokera m'mayiko ena. Choyamba, mikono waukulu T-18 sate-chiwiri likungosonyeza mfuti Hotchkiss Kenaka anayamba ndi P. Syachintovym mfuti Hotchkiss-MS. Ine anaika mu lamanja kapena lamanzere nkhope la nsanjayo. Zipolopolo inkakhala mivi nainte-sikisi, kenako kuchuluka kwa zana ndi anayi (zakudyazi zipolopolo kumbuyo kwa ngalawayo - m'malo wailesi).

Komanso, ndi mikono wothandiza, amene anali ngati mfuti Fedorov likungosonyeza 6,6 mm. Kawirikawiri wophatikizidwa mfuti makina awiri ndipo anaikidwa mu mfuti ufulu nkhope la nsanjayo. Iwo anadalira bokosi magazini, imene panali 1800 zipolopolo. Ngakhale pambuyo 1935 makina mfuti pa T-18 linasintha ndi Deuteronomo 29 (7.62). Choyamba komanso zolumukizidwa, ndiye mmodzi ndi mmodzi. The zipolopolo anali tsopano zipolopolo 2016 mu mbale makumi awiri.

injini

Powerplant m'mapapo thanki T-18 akutumikira monga anayi sitiroko okhala pakati zinayi yamphamvu petulo injini Mikulino mlengi. Engine kuzirala anali mpweya. mphamvu yake si upambana sate-faifi ndiyamphamvu.

Pambuyo 1930, ndinayamba injini akhoza kufinya mphamvu makumi anayi, omwe inapita kayendedwe ake pa khwalala (malire liwiro thanki anali kulankhula ngati makumi awiri makilomita paola!). injini waikidwa transversely m'chipinda injini-HIV, zimenezi n'zotheka pang'ono kuchepetsa kutalika alumikizana ndi. akasinja mafuta pa nambala awiri anali ndi buku la lonse malita zana ndi khumi. Iwo anayikidwa mu niches nadgusenichnyh.

HIV

Komabe, injini ndi kufala kwa akasinja woyamba Soviet zosoŵa za patsogolo kwambiri pa nthawiyo. Kuwala Kufala T-18 anali choyimira makina ndi inkakhala mayunitsi ndi njira:

1. Waukulu osakwatiwa-litayamba zowalamulira, ntchito pa mikangano youma.

2. The mfundo zitatu Buku gearbox.

3. Slewing zida (bevel masiyanidwe mtundu).

4. awiri tepi ananyema akutumikira braking ndi kutembenuka.

5. awiri mzere mbali HIV, anapatsa likulu la mawilo pagalimoto.

galimotoyo

Galimotoyo thanki kwa oyenda thandizo anaphatikizapo pa mbali zonse za kanyama kameneka, galimoto mawilo kuthandiza khumi awiriawiri mphira odzigudubuza wa awiri ang'ono ndi asanu rubberized awiri thandizo odzigudubuza. Pambuyo 1930, zomangidwa anaonekera pa mbali wachinayi akuthandiza wodzigudubuza. odzigudubuza kumbuyo oletsedwa pa rockers awiri, inaimitsidwa pa casings ofukula cylindrical masika kutetezedwa.

thandizo Front wodzigudubuza anali wokwera ndalezo osiyana, olumikizidwa kwa kuyimitsidwa kutsogolo ndi damping anapambutsa masika. Zitsulo akasupe komanso ziwiri kapena zitatu thandizo odzigudubuza kutsogolo. Mphutsi anali okonzeka ku zitsulo osewera - mayunitsi lalikulu chinkhoswe lokwera. Makumi asanu ndi chimodzi galimoto anali lililonse njirayo, galimoto m'lifupi - millimeters mazana atatu.

Nkhondo yoyamba

Kuwala akasinja T-18 anafika ku Red Army mwamsanga 1928, doukomplektovyvaya Army mayunitsi oyenda m'maboma zosiyanasiyana za nkhondo. Ubatizo wa galimoto atsopano unali mkangano pa CER. Mu November 1929 anayamba Mishanfusskaya mseru amene oyenda wathu amapereka kamodzi akasinja khumi T-18. Nkhondo yoyamba ya ulendo wotopetsa, zipolopolo akasinja analephera kupereka zachilendo, ngakhale maps of m'dera analibe omenyana.

Komabe, udindo Chinese zinaukilidwa, ndipo palibe T-18 siyinatayike, ngakhale kayendedwe tiponye onse zabwino Red Army sizinathandize. Koma nkhondo izi thanki kukhala mayeso kwambiri, zomwe zinawululidwa ubwino osati kokha, komanso kuipa kwa makina. The zopindika waukulu m'mapapo thanki T-18 anafotokozedwa otsika liwiro kuyenda ndi firepower pang'ono kwambiri. Koma okwana, ndi akasinja ndi mathanki zarekomendavali wabwino, ndi nkhondo pa CER zosonyeza.

The Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Kwambiri ankavala ndi moona chakale T-18 akasinja anakumana Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. A mbali yaing'ono ya iwo analowa utumiki mayunitsi thanki, ndipo ena anapatsidwa m'dera mipanda yolimba kwambiri. Panzerwaffe mwaukali analandira ndewu kumalire ndi pafupifupi chitetezo ndi akasinja Soviet. Mu miyezi ya nkhondo pafupifupi onse T-18 unatenthedwa.

Kungotchula lotsiriza la kuzigwiritsa ntchito mu nkhondo dekabrom zinalembedwa 1941, pamene iwo anali kuteteza Moscow: zana limodzi ndi makumi asanu thanki brigade ali makina naini T-18. Old wabwino kuwala akasinja ku mapeto a makumi asanu anatumikira mfundo n'kupuma ndi moto ngati mpanda ku Far East. Nthawi zina ankangomva nsanja zawo.

Chifukwa T-18?

M'zaka za Civil nkhondo, Soviet Russia, monga zanenedwa, kugonjetsa owonongedwa mwakhanza, zinali bwino osati kupanga akasinja. Ngati titakumbukira, kubwezeretsa ndi chitukuko cha chuma ndinali kupita kukangana Choncho, pofika m'ma makumi, tikulankhula za zida zankhondo wamakono. Mu 1926, monga ife tikudziwa kale, izo Analeredwa ndi pulogalamu thanki zomanga anaikira zaka zitatu.

Program amapereka osachepera dongosolo gulu maphunziro kampani ndi thanki battalion ndi akasinja, oyenda, ndi chilengedwe cha kampani ndi battalion okonzeka ndi tankettes. Asayansi chofunika ndi opanga akasinja zana ndi khumi ndi awiri a mtundu uliwonse. Pambuyo pa msonkhano Red Army Lamulo, GUVP ndi OAT (mfuti ARSENALNY Trust) ndipo anavomereza kuŵeta ndi wolemera, wosakwiya ukusuntha ndi m'malo bwino zida Ft 17, komanso mtengo kwambiri. Anagonjetsa kuwala thanki oyenda kuperekezedwa.

za ndalama

"Renault-Russian" Mwachitsanzo, ndalama ndiye rubles sate-sikisi sauzande, ndipo anali kucheza khumi okha chikwi thanki, ngati ndalama okwana sayenera upambana rubles miliyoni asanu. Kuyenera anasonyeza kuti pa nthawi imeneyo ruble anali ofunika kwambiri monga mfumu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuchuluka lero kukhala wolingana ndi za madola milioni. Kuti ndi zaka zitatu pulogalamu ya makumi Mu zaka zapitazo ndi sanathe kusamalira mavuto a zachuma.

Pali kusiyana mu mtengo wa akasinja lero ndi ulemu magalimoto Mu zaka zapitazo. T-90 wathu, mwachitsanzo, Army kupatula rubles miliyoni makumi iriyonse. American "Abrams" malingana ndi Baibulo akuyamba pa $ miliyoni 4.3. Komabe, akuphunzitsa ndi T-18 sizingafanane ndi T-90. ntchito ka chitukuko ya Red Army ankaimba woyamba akasinja Soviet, tikhoza kunena kwambiri.