Achingelezi mbiri, galamala ndi lalifupi dictionary.

Modern English n'chosiyana kwambiri mtundu wapachiyambi - Old English, kapena chinenero achingelezi. A chitsanzo chapadera cha ichi - manda wakale mabuku. Zimavuta kumvetsa munthu patali ndi kuphunzira mabuku akale. Chithunzi m'munsimu limasonyeza kusintha mu Salmo 23 kwa zaka 1,000.

Kodi n'chiyani chinathandiza kusintha momveka mu chinenero? Baibulo ano ndi wosiyana ndi wapachiyambi?

Amene kugawidwa m'mbali a Chingerezi?

Mbiri ya chinenero Old English anayamba m'zaka V, ndi midzi woyamba German m'gawo la Britain ano. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mchikakamizo cha chinenero zinthu umoyo ndale anamuchita kusintha zosiyanasiyana ndi unagawidwa:

• Old English nthawi English kutumizidwa ku V kuti VII atumwi, zachulukazi ndi chizindikiro cha kufika kwa mafuko Germany ndi Kubwera kwa kulemba;
• Middle English nthawi English - kuchokera V kuti XV m'ma Pa nthawi imeneyo Britain anagonjetsa Normandy, ndipo mu 1475 umayamba nthawi ya kusindikiza;
• Modern English - XV m'ma - masiku ano.

Old English amakhala ndi kukhalapo kwa m'zilembo kuti anatuluka atalandidwa Britain ndi kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino, Saxon ndi Jutes. Panali 4 m'zilembo: Northumbria, Mercian, Wessex ndi Kent. Woyamba awiri anati England, koma chifukwa chakuti dera la m'dziko kutali mzake, zinthu zingapo zochititsa chosiyana anaonekera aliyense wa iwo. Pa Wessex akuti Sachs ndi Kent - zimayambitsa.

Kodi dictionary chinenero?

Asayansi amanena kuti Dictionary wa Old English inkakhala mawu 30,000 kuti 100,000. Iwo agawidwa m'magulu 3:

• yeniyeni Old English mawu imapezeka mu chinenero kuti;
• M'mayiko a European - mawu wamkulu maina a zomera, nyama ndi ziwalo, kasewenzetsedwe ka mau kanthu ndi osiyanasiyana mawerengero;
• German - mawu amene ali okha mu gulu lino ndi amafalitsidwa yekha mu zinenero za gululo.

Mu Chingelezi Chakale anali pafupifupi 600 ngongole kwa Acelt ndi Latin zinenero, amene anaonekera mchikakamizo cha zochitika zakale.

• Ine m'ma BC. e. Roma pansi pa Mfumu Claudius anagonjetsa dziko la Britain ndi kulipanga njuchi awo. Kugawidwa m'magulu asilikali m'dera anadzakhala mizinda British: Lancaster, Manchester, Lincoln. Mapeto "caster" ndi "Chester" amatanthauza "msasa" mu Latin, ndi kothera "Coln" - "Pamudzi".
• V zikope. Britain nkhondo mafuko Germany wa Saxon, angelo ndi Jutes, ndi adverb zomwe m'malo mwa chinenero Acelt. Mafuko Germany anabweretsa achingelezi osati mawu anu komanso anaitenga ku Latin: silika, tchizi, vinyo, mapaundi , batala ndi ena.
• 597 chaka. Kufalikira kwa Chikhristu zinachititsa kuti kufunika pobwereka mawu kwa mfundo achipembedzo: bishopu, kandulo, mngelo, mdierekezi, fano, nyimbo, mmonke ndi ena. Kuchoka mayina Latin zomera unatengedwa, matenda, mankhwala, nyama, zovala, ziwiya za panyumba, mbale ndi katundu: paini, zomera, kakombo, malungo, khansa, njovu, ngamila, chipewa, raddish ndi ena. Kuwonjezera mwachindunji pobwereka ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito Kufufuza - kwenikweni anamasulira mawu. Mwachitsanzo, Lolemba - yochepa Monadie - pomasulira Lunae Amwalira ( "Tsiku Moon").
• 878 chaka. The Anglo-Saxon ndi Danes zinasaina pangano mtendere, imene yamasika kulandira mbali ya dziko UK. Mfundo imeneyi ndi mbali yaikulu pa chinenero imene munali mawu monga chitsulo chogwira matayala, mkwiyo ndi ma makalata ndi sc- sk-. Zitsanzo: khungu, Chigaza, kumwamba.
• 790 chaka. Viking anawazunza zinachititsa kuti pobwereka mawu adaponya, kuitana, kutenga amafa. kudwala, wosakongola, iwo, awo. onse. Nthawiyi amatipatsanso inflections ndi imfa.

Kalembedwe ka Old English

Old English anali galamala zovuta kwambiri poyerekeza English ano.

• ntchito polemba runic, Gothic ndi alifabeti Latin.
• puronauni, nauni ndi adjective zosiyanasiyana ndi jenda.
• kupatulapo mmodzi ndi mochulukitsa analinso wapawiri mochulukitsa: ic (I) / ife (ife) / nzeru (ife awiri).
• 5 milandu: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ndi ablative.

1. glaed - alikuimba;
2. glades - alikuimba;
3. gladum - alikuimba;
4. glaedne - alikuimba;
5. glade - mosangalala.

• manauni, adjectives ndi mawu maganizo malingana mapeto.

Dongosolo wapakamwa ndi osiyana?

Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mu Old English, ndi zovuta kalembedwe dongosolo.

1. Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau anawagawa mwamphamvu, mwaulesi ndi ena. Amphamvu anali 7 conjugations, ofooka - 3, ndi zina - 2.
2. Panalibe m'tsogolo, anali kokha pano m'mbuyomu.
3. Mneni inflected kwa munthu ndi chiwerengero.

Kodi osiyana amakono a Chingelezi Old English?

Old English chifukwa zochitika m'mbiri lasintha angapo asanakhale anagula mtundu ano. Kodi pali kusiyana pakati pa mawonekedwe makono a chinenero cha choyambirira chiyani?

• 5 milandu okha 2 - ndi ofanana ndi kulamula.

• Mu dongosolo pano palibe conjugations mneni, m'malo iwo anali kasewenzetsedwe ka mau osasamba.

• Panali tsogolo osiyana kwambiri ndi kale ndiponso zimene zikuchitika panopa kupanda maonekedwe chabe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mu mawonekedwe mneni sasintha, ndi mneni-wothandizira akutumikira mawu adzatero.

• Panali gerund - njira chabe ya mneni ndi katundu wa nauni ndi mneni.

Kodi mawu m'gulu la Dictionary wa Old English?

UK dziko pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana a Aroma, Scandinavians ndi mafuko Germany. Kodi mawu m'gulu dikishonare?

• Mona - mwezi - mwezi;
• brodor - m'bale - mchimwene;
• modor - mayi - amayi;
• sunu - mwana - mwana;
• beon - kukhala - kukhala;
• Don - kuchita - Kodi;
• ic - I - Ine;
• TWA - awiri - awiri;
• Pet - kuti - chinachake;
• handus - dzanja -ruka;
• clipian - kuitana - kuitana;
• brid - mbalame - mbalame.

Ngakhale woyamba anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa mapangidwe chachiwiri ngakhale kuti Old English ndi zinenero zamakono English ndi ukasintha osiyana Chrixitu.