Ancient Chigiriki: alifabeti. History Chigiriki

Ancient Chigiriki wa "akufa" gulu: lero sikutheka kukumana ndi munthu amene ntchito kukambirana za tsiku ndi tsiku. Komabe, chilichonse anaiwalika ndi otayika muyaya. mawu ena mu Greek wakale angamvele kulikonse mu dziko. Kupenda zilembo, malamulo ndiponso katchulidwe malamulo ake - wamba zosayembekezereka masiku awa.

Kuyambira nthawi makedzana

History Chigiriki anayamba ndi nkhondo ya malire a tsogolo la Greece Balkan mafuko. Izo zinachitika pakati pa XXI ndi zaka XVII. BC. Iwo anabweretsa otchedwa chinenero Proto-Greek, amene amayamba kenako Mycenaean, m'zilembo nthawi yapamwamba, kenako Koine (Alesandriya chilankhulo) ndi maonekedwe amakono a Greek. Iye anayima kuchokera m'mayiko a ku Ulaya, ndipo mu nthawi ya kubadwa, ndi kugwa kwa boma lalikulu lasintha kwambiri.

affidavits

Mpaka nkhondo Dorian wa Mkuwa Age, kuchokera kwa XVI kwa BC XI atumwi. e., mu Greece ndi Krete, Mycenaean mawonekedwe a chinenero ntchito. Lero, amaona amakezana m'chiherene. Mycenaean mpaka lero anasunga mu mawonekedwe a zolemba mapale anapeza pa chilumba cha Kerete. zitsanzo wapadera mawu (a okwana pafupifupi 6 zikwi) muli kujambula makamaka malonda. Ngakhale mfundo wamba kuti alengeze analanda mwa iwo, asayansi ali ndi zizindikiro lamaliseche zambiri za nyengo makedzana.

zinkalankhulidwa

Ancient Chigiriki, banja lililonse anapeza makhalidwe yake. M'kupita kwa nthawi, pali zinenero zina zambiri angapo omwe pachikhalidwe amaphatikiza magulu anayi:

• kum'mawa: kuno ndi amaayoni ndi zinkalankhulidwa chapamwamba;

• Western: Doric chilankhulo;

• Arcade kapena yuzhnoaheyskuyu Cyprus;

• Aeolian kapena severoaheyskuyu.

Masiku Agiriki, limene linayamba adzagonjetsa Aleksandra Makedonskogo, pa maziko a chilankhulo chapamwamba cha Koine adanyamuka chinenero Pan-chawo kuti wakafika lonse kum'mawa Mediterranean. Kenako chifukwa cha wake "kuuka" m'zilembo zambiri zamakono.

zilembo

Masiku ano, njira imodzi kapena wina, pafupifupi aliyense ali bwino Chigiriki. "Mulole" kalata ( "matchalitchi anayamba"), komanso kalata "Yoyeserera", "Alpha", "Sigma" ndi zina zotero ntchito masamu, sayansi ndi maphunziro ena a sayansi. Tikumbukenso kuti zilembo, komanso chinenero yokha, sanachoke mlengalenga. Iye ali X kapena IX mu. BC. e. Iwo anaitenga ku mafuko Foinike (ku Kanani). mfundo koyamba makalata atayika pa nthawi, koma anali mayina awo ndi dongosolo.

Mu Greece, pamene pali malo angapo chikhalidwe, ndipo aliyense mwa anthuwo anabweretsa peculiarities chake pa zilembo. Pakati mungachite izi m'dera ndi phindu lalikulu la Mileto ndi Chalcis. The oyamba adzakhala amayamba kenako ntchito Byzantium. Zinali Kirill Ine Mefody anaika maziko a zilembo Asilavo. Chalcis njira anakumbatira ndi Aroma. Iye ndiye tate wa zilembo Latin, komabe ntchito mu Ulaya.

Ancient Chigiriki lero

Zifukwa nambala mokwanira lalikulu la anthu lero kuphunzira "akufa" chinenero cha Agiriki akale, zikuoneka zoonekeratu. Ndipo komabe. Kwa akatswiri chinkhoswe mu zilankhulo poyerekeza ndi nkhani ina, kumvetsa wakale Greek - gawo la ntchito. The Tinganenenso chimodzimodzi za maphunziro chikhalidwe, za akatswiri olemba mbiri yakale. Kwa iwo, wakale Greek - chinenero cha magwero osiyanasiyana yaikulu. Kumene, zonse Mabuku angathe kuwerenga ndipo anamasulira. Komabe, aliyense amene poyerekeza apachiyambi "ndinazolowera" kuti Baibulo chinenero cha kumeneko, amadziwa zosiyanasiyana Baibulo yachibadwa. chifukwa lagona mu kusiyana maganizo ake, makamaka mbiri ndi maganizo a anthu. mokoma onsewa zikugwirizananso ndi lemba, kutembenuka ndi kupanga mawu untranslatable kwambiri, lodzala ndi tanthauzo limene angalimvetse Nditaphunzira chinenero choyambirira.

M'pofunikanso kudziwa Greek kwa amafufuza zamakezana ndi numismatists. Kumvetsa chinenero facilitates chibwenzi, ndi zina amathandiza mwamsanga kudziwa zabodza.

sankakhala

Mawu achigiriki wakale mu chinenero Chochuluka Russian. nthawi zambiri sitikumana ngakhale akuganiza anachokera, kusonyeza kale ankadziwa. Elena maina Andrew, Tatiana ndi Fedor anabwera kwa ife ku Greece wakale pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Christianity. Mu nthawi ya malonda amphamvu ndi abale ndi Agiriki ndi Byzantines m'chilankhulo cha mafuko Asilavo anadza mawu ambiri atsopano. Ena mwa iwo ndi "zikondamoyo", "kupalasa", "viniga", "chidole". Lerolino, ndi mawu ofanana ndi ambiri kuti n'zovuta kukhulupirira anachokera yachilendo.

Mabuku sayansi madera ambiri osiyana a chidziwitso kwenikweni muli akutenga ndalama kuchokera Greek wakale. Pa gawo la Greece anabwera kwa ife mayina a amalanga zosiyanasiyana (madera a zakuthambo, etc.), chikhalidwe ndi maulamuliro (mafumu, demokalase), komanso mankhwala, nyimbo, zolembalemba, ndi mawu ena ambiri. Pa mtima mawu atsopano kutanthauza kulibe kalelo, zinthu ndi zochitika ndi Greek mizu, kapena iwo anapanga pogwiritsa ntchito prefixes Greek (foni, maso). mawu ena lero, pakutayika tanthauzo wapachiyambi. Choncho, cybernetics ku Greece makedzana nyengo otchedwa luso ntchito chotengeracho. Choncho, ngakhale pambuyo zaka mazana ambiri, chinenero cha wakale okhala Peloponnese amakhalabe akumufuna.