Actinidia kubzala ndi chisamaliro mu North Caucasus, kapena mmene kukula kiwi

Actinidia - ndi zomera wakale kwambiri, mipesa kukula mu nkhalango zotentha mvula, pasanakhale munthu woyamba. Actinidia anagawira kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, Far East, ku China ndi Korea. Mulinso mitundu yambiri ya zomera zipatso ntchito, makamaka anayi; Actinidia Argut, Actinidia Kolomikta, Actinidia purpurea ndi Actinidia Chinese kapena kiwi. Zipatso actinidia mitundu chikhalidwe anachokera ndi Posachedwapa, m'zaka za m'ma XIX (mitundu zakuthengo Actinidia zipatso zing'onozing'ono). I. V. Michurin anafotokoza zomera, ndipo anabweretsa mitundu koyamba kwa gulu pakati. Mu zikhalidwe za North Caucasus angathe kukula ndi kubala zipatso Actinidia Chinese, kubzala ndi chisamaliro ofanana ndi mphesa kukula.

Chinese Actinidia anali wamkulu mu China wakale (choncho dzina "Chinese jamu"), mbewu litapita ku New Zealand, pali obereketsa anabweretsa mtundu watsopano wa zipatso zazikulu ndi chokoma. Pubescent, golide-brownish chipatso cha New Zealand obereketsa zinakumbutsa mbalame kiwi - chizindikiro cha dziko lakwawo. Pansi pa dzina ili - "kiwi" chipatso chatsopano ndipo anakhala ambiri ku Ulaya. Mu 1988, Adler Kuyesera Station anaika munda loyamba kiwis (za 5ha amaziganizira Actinidia) kubzala ndi chisamaliro, pali akupangidwa oyenera nyengo m'mphepete mwa nyanja wofatsa, ngakhale Actinidia limakula bwino m'mapiri (mwachitsanzo, pafupi ndi mudzi wa Krasnaya Polyana).

Kiwi - mpesa (mtengo climber) kufika msinkhu wa mamita 20, ndi cholimba kwambiri, imafunika chithandizo. zanthete osalimba, mosavuta wosweka.
Actinidia dioecious, pa mbewu yomweyo mungathe wamkazi yekha basi kapena mwamuna maluwa. Pa chiwembu, chifukwa kubereketsa zomera wabwinobwino, anabzala mu 8-9 wamkazi zomera - 2 wamwamuna, 5 wamkazi, kapena - mmodzi wamphongo Actinidia. Kubzala ndi chisamaliro: Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kusankha thandizo abwino. Pansi Actinidia akhoza kukhala thandizo kutalika wapadera wa mamita 3.5. Zitsulo mizati ayenera kukhala zolimba, simenti kapena zitsulo. Iwo tensioned kanasonkhezereka waya 5mm. Mu mizere 4. M'madera otentha akhoza anapereka apamwamba, L woboola pakati thandizo. Mukhoza "kuvala" kiwi ndi gazebo kapena pa ntchito yomanga mpanda. Nkofunika kubzala Actinidia akutetezedwa kwa mphepo. Mu North Caucasus kiwi bata nyengo thandizo.

Actinidia ayenera kuunikira bwino, madzi nthawi zonse, chonde, chatsanulidwa nthaka. Nthaka acidity 4-6, dothi zamchere wolemera mu kashiamu kwa kiwi si abwino. Kudzala kiwi dzenje kapena ngalande ndi Kuwonjezera wa kompositi, mtunda pakati pa zomera mamita 4. Pamene kubzala n'kofunika kuti kuyika muzu khosi (akhoza anachoka pamwamba nthaka ndi 2 cm). Mizu ya mbande kusungidwa mu chidebe filimu ndi yamasulidwa kokha pamene ankafika (rootlets chabwino mosavuta youma ndi kufa). zomera anabzala tadulidwa, kusiya 3-4 masamba amphamvu ndi tayi.

kubzala Young ayenera Kupalira, kuthirira ndi mulching. Ndi kuthirira okwanira pa zaka 4 zingabzalidwe pakati pa zomera strawberries. Actinidia ntchito kwambiri zakudya kuchokera ku dothi, choncho cimafunika zakudya. Ntaka mu North Caucasus, kawirikawiri, osauka humus loam. Pa dothi amenewa, masika mbewu si kawirikawiri zinachitikira asafe ndi njala, sipangakhalenso anatsimikiza mtima alibe ndi chikasu masamba ndi petioles redness. M'pofunika manyowa ndi kiwi urea yothetsera (a wofatsa, osati kufukiza mizu). Iwo akhala akugwira ndi foliar ntchito urea. zotsatira zabwino analandira mwa kuyambitsa kiwi organic (manyowa, zikhale pa zaka 2-3, 6-10 makilogalamu pa chomera). Mtundu woyenera wa mapangidwe Actinidia - palmette; umodzi kapena iwiri atatu-tiered. The Actinidia kudulira waukulu ikuchitika m'nyengo yozizira, pa mapeto a January - February, mothandizidwa ndi kudula - m'chilimwe, mu June - oyambirira July. Zimafalitsidwa ndi cuttings zake za kiwi, kudula kuchokera mphukira pachaka pa kudulira yozizira.
Si choncho zovuta kukula zomera - Actinidia, kubzala ndi kusamalira si ovuta kwambiri kuposa Mwachitsanzo, chodzala maluwa mu dziko.