Airbus-321: mbiri yakafupi ndi mwachidule

Chifukwa cha mtengo wotsika wosamalira, kukonzanso ndi kukonzanso, Airbus-321, chithunzi chake chomwe chafotokozedwa m'munsiyi, ndi chodziwika kwambiri pakati pa makampani oyendetsa ndege apadziko lonse. Kuonjezerapo, chifukwa cha fuselage yaitali, ndegeyo imatha kunyamula anthu ochulukirapo m'bwalo lake, poyerekezera ndi kusinthidwa koyambirira. Zambiri za izo zidzafotokozedwa mtsogolo.

Mbiri Yachidule

Ntchito yomanga pulojekiti yatsopano inayambika mu 1989. Ntchito yaikulu, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pamaso pa okonza pa siteji ya chitukuko, inali yoonetsetsa kuti mpikisano woyenera wa ndege ya US Boeing-757. Pa mtima wachilendo chinali chopangidwa ndi chitsanzo cha 320th. Palimodzi ndi izi, omangawo awonjezera fuselage Airbus-321 ndi mamita asanu ndi awiri. Nyumba ya ndege, motero, inakula kwambiri. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, akatswiri a kampaniyo amapanga chitsanzo ndi mphamvu zamphamvu zamagetsi, zomwe zinapangitsa kuwonjezera maulendo a ndege. Kusintha kunakhudzanso phiko, lomwe linayamba kulimbana ndi katundu wambiri kuposa momwe unayambira.

Ndege yoyamba yapamwambayi inalandira dzina lakuti "100" pamutu. Ulendo woyendetsa ndege unatsirizidwa pa March 11, 1993. Patapita miyezi iŵiri, kusintha kwake kunapangidwira m'mlengalenga, wokhala ndi injini zamphamvu kwambiri. Chaka ndi theka kenako ndegeyo inatsimikiziridwa. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1995, ndegeyi inaperekedwa kwa makasitomala oyambirira, omwe anakhala otengera monga Alitalia (Italy) ndi Lufthansa (Germany). Pambuyo pake, ntchito inayamba pa kusintha kwatsopano - Airbus-321-200. Chilendo chinalandira matanki ena owonjezera, omwe amatha kuonjezera kuthamanga kwapakati pa 4500 mpaka 5550 kilomita. Ulendo wake woyamba unachitika mu 1996.

Kulongosola kwachidule

Pokhapokha, ndegeyi ndi sing'anga yaulendo-yendetsani ndege, yomwe kupanga kwake sikulephereka ngakhale lero. Msonkhano wa chitsanzo, mosiyana ndi ndege zina za Air Air, zimapangidwa mumzinda wa Germany wa Hamburg, osati ku French Toulouse. Monga lero, ndege zoposa 700 zasonkhana. Pa nthawi yomweyi, ndege zam'dziko lonse zikuyembekezereka kupereka zopereka zina zingapo.

Mitundu ya Airbus-321 imapangidwa kuti ikhale ndi anthu 220 m'kalasi imodzi kapena ziwiri. Ngati kukwera ndege kumalo okwana makilomita 5600, chiwerengero cha anthu okwera ndege chikuchepetsedwa kufika 170. Ndege ili ndi zitseko zisanu ndi ziwiri zogwira anthu ndi zovuta zisanu ndi zitatu zomwe zimachokera kumbali zonse za fuselage.

Pakalipano, chitsanzocho chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makampani ambiri padziko lapansi: maulendo onse a mabanki ndi maulendo. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa ndegeyi ndi ndalama zambiri zogwirira ntchito mu banja lonse. Mtengo wa mtengo wotsika mtengo ukuyamba pa $ 110.1 miliyoni.

Salon

Muyeso yokhazikika ya Airbus-321, makonzedwe a makina a ndege amapereka mipando 185 ya okwera. Pa nthawi yomweyi, 16 mwa iwo ali m'gulu la bizinesi. Kukonzekera kotere kwa maulendo a ndege kungasinthidwe pampempha kwa kasitomala. Makamaka, sitimayo imakonzedwa mosavuta kuti anthu azitengapo 220, komabe pakadali pano anthu onse amatha kuyenda pa kalasi yachuma. Palibe kukayika kuti malo abwino kwambiri pano ali m'kalasi yoyamba. Ponena za kayendedwe ka kabati, amasiyana ndi ndege zosiyanasiyana.

Mfundo Zazikulu

Ndege yonseyo ndi mamita 44.51, pamene mapiko ake ndi mamita 34.1. Ogwira ntchitowa ali ndi anthu awiri - woyendetsa ndege ndi wothandizira. Liwiro loyendayenda la Airbus-321 ndi 840 km / h. Ponena za mafuta, sitimayo imafuna pafupifupi 2,900 malita a palafini pa ola la ndege. Ndegeyi ili ndi dongosolo loyendetsa digito, komanso EFIS avionics (zomwezo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 320th kusinthidwa). Choyambitsanso chomwecho ndikumveka kwa phokoso komanso kutulutsa zinthu zoopsa mumlengalenga . Kutalika kwakukulu kwa kuthawa kwake ndi mamita 11800, ndipo mtunda uli makilomita 5950.

Chinthu chachikulu kwambiri

Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mpweya kunachitika ndi Airbus 321 ku Pakistan pa July 28, 2010. Kenaka sitimayo yokhala ndi nambala 1218, yomwe inaperekedwa mu 2010, inapanga ndege mkati mwa mizinda ya Karachi ndi Islamabad. Ndegeyo inagwa pa nthawi ya 9:45. Chifukwa chachikulu cha masautsowa, chomwe chinayambitsa moyo wa anthu onse okwana 152, atatha kufufuzidwa, zinali zovuta meteorological. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti panthawiyo sitimayo inatha kuthawa maola opitirira 34,000, kupanga ndege zoposa 13,000.

Kusintha kwatsopano

Kuwonjezera pa kusintha kwakukulu kwakukulu, komwe kunakambidwa kale, palinso njira ina ya Airbus-321. Malingaliro ochokera kwa oimira makampani ambiri ogwira ntchito ndi akatswiri akutsimikizira kuti pamsika umakhala wofunika kwambiri kwa makina owonjezera kwambiri. Pogwirizana ndi izi, njira yamakono yatsopanoyi inakhazikitsidwa, m'dzina lomwe linalemba chizindikiro "NEO". Makasitomala awo ali ndi mwayi wosankha pakati pa zomera ziwiri zatsopano.

Mmodzi wa iwo ali ndi mafuta ochepa, poyerekeza ndi maofesi omwe amapezeka, choncho makina oyendetsa ndege akuwonjezeka pafupi makilomita chikwi. Kuphatikiza apo, mapiko a zachilendowa amapangidwa ngati nsomba za shark, zomwe zimathandiza kuti thupi likhale labwino kwambiri. Kukwera kwa ndegeyi kunakula kufika pa 235 anthu (pa kalasi yachuma okha). Tikuyembekezera kuti ntchito yachilendoyi idzayamba mu 2016. Monga lero, Airbus idalandira kale malamulo ku ndege zoposa 500.