AJAX - Ndi chiyani icho? Asynchronous JavaScript ndi XML: ubwino ndi kuipa

Tsopano inu mukhoza kuona pa intaneti kupeza kutchuka ntchito ndi ntchito ya umisiri watsopano. Mmodzi wa iwo - ndi AJAX. Ndi chiyani icho? Tchulani motani? Kodi ntchito? mafunso awa onse adzapezeka yankho m'nkhani ino.

zambiri

Kodi waima AJAX? Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani? kuchepetsa Ichi ndi acronym. Amayimira Asynchronous JavaScript ndi XML ( "Asynchronous JavaScript ndi IKSML"). Kawiri kawiri mutha kuona kapena kumva zomwe luso latsopano limeneli. Koma zimenezi si zoona. Popeza kuti JavaScript ndi XML, pali kale ndithu nthawi yayitali, pamene "AJAX" ndi kaphatikizidwe matekinoloje. Nthawi zambiri ndi ntchito molumikizana ndi akuti Web 2.0 ndipo anazindikira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito njira zapamwamba kulengedwa.

Ndipo kodi mbali?

Kotero, ife kale ndi chithunzithunzi cha zomwe ndi AJAX. Kodi chimatithandiza kuchita? N'chifukwa chiyani kukhala mwachangu kulankhula za ntchito zake? The peculiarity njira imeneyi - ndi pamene inu ntchito safuna kuti atsitsimuke tsamba lonse kufunika koyamba. Ndipotu, mukhoza kupempha deta latsopano okha gawo la izo. Ichi ndi yabwino (chifukwa nthawi zochepa inu kudikira), ndi mtengo (kwa anthu amene sali wopanda malire Intaneti). Komabe, kudziŵitsa wosuta zimene zikuchitika Mokweza zabwino kugwiritsa ntchito osachepera katundu chizindikiro kapena lemba mauthenga kuti auze za deta latsopano kwa makina. Monga luso minuses ambiri amati chakuti izo siligwirizana cholowa ndi lemba asakatuli. Ndi luso kuletsa JavaScript luso ndi pa wosuta kuposa ambiri ndipo anasangalala. Choncho muyenera Musaononge AJAX. Kuti angapereke, ngati osati kupereka njira zina kupereka uthenga? Mu nkhani yabwino, mfundo basi kuwonetsedwa pa Intaneti. Mu koipa - chikuoneka kotero akhudzidwa kuti wosuta siichitanso kubwerera.

Ubwino "AJAX"

Njira imeneyi amapereka njira ziwiri imene tsamba akhoza chidzakwaniritsidwa. Njira yoyamba ikukhudza kusintha popanda rebooting. Zimenezi zingatheke zopempha zazikulu makina. The chachiwiri zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono yeniyeni, wotchuka kwambiri wa ndilo XMLHttpRequest. ubwino Ndi mwini, "AJAX" anganene zotsatirazi:

1. Inu mukhoza kulenga yabwino ukonde ofotokoza ntchito, zomwe mawonekedwe adzakhala ndi chiwerengero chonse cha zinthu zabwino kwa wosuta, ndi chifukwa kuti atsogolere mogwirizana anthu ndi webusaiti.
2. M'malo tsamba zonse kutsegulaso ndi tsankho. Izi amapulumutsa ndalama komanso optimizes makina ntchito.
3. Seva mbali ya malo amagwira interacts ndi wosuta.
4. Zothandiza kukhazikitsa njira zosiyanasiyana.

kulankhulana

Apa Mwachitsanzo, timafunika maganizo mawonekedwe, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito kulangiza makasitomala. Kodi n'zotheka? Choyamba tiyenera kusamalira "chotengera" zambiri. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera kulenga XMLHttpRequest chinthu. Iye amachita monga mkhalapakati pakati pa makina ndi osatsegula malangizo. Chinthu ichi adzatumiza zopempha ndi mayankho kwa iwo. Pakuti mwachindunji kuwombola deta, tiyenera AJAX Php. Zida akhoza akuyendera ntchito GET- kapena POST-mafunso. Pankhaniyi, mfundo zofunika adzakhala zapita mwachindunji kupyolera ulalo. Pa nthawi yomweyo adzathamanga ntchito, ndi kuonetsetsa kuti kutengerapo deta si linasokonekera. Koma kodi kugwiritsa AJAX-pempho? Amalangiza ntchito POST. Kumuyamikila mungasinthe kuchuluka malire deta yomwe Komanso ali ovuta kwambiri kuti mwayi.

Mfundo ntchito

Kodi Asynchronous JavaScript ndi XML kuchita? Tiyeni kumvetsa chitsanzo. Zomangidwa ndi kulemekeza dongosolo muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti kasitomala gawo amapereka magwiridwe zonse zofunikira kuwombola otetezeka deta. Izo ziyenera kupereka njira zofunika akupereka mauthenga anasankha njira. Seva gawo awonetsetse kuti processing deta, ndipo zochokera iwo kale, kupanga zinthu zatsopano kwa kenako kupatsira makasitomala. Mtundu ambiri mogwirizana ndi ntchito ndi Nawonso achichepere. Ife kale anatchula mchitidwe malo ambiri ntchito ngati njira ndemanga. The ntchito "AJAX" mu nkhani iyi ndi kuti zikupereka asynchronous kutengerapo deta. M'mawu ena, kanthawi mfundo watumidwa, wosuta angachichite zochita zonse zofunikira kwa iye. Kuganizira limatchula za nkhani iliyonse, muyenera kusankha ngati mukufuna ndondomeko izi kudziŵitsa mlendo kwa malo. Cholinga chomwecho maganizo mawonekedwe ayenera kuti mu nkhani iyi tikhoza kulemba "woyendetsa dials yankho" kapena zofanana.

seva ayankhe

Iye akhoza kubwera osati kwa XML, ngati ungaganize chifukwa cha dzina la sayansi. Komanso akhoza opatsirana monga mawu kumveka kapena JSON. Mbali yoyamba mudziwe akhoza yomweyo anasonyeza pa tsamba. Ngati ntchito XML, muyenera kusamalira kuti AJAX-file wakhala bwino kukonzedwa mu msakatuli kasitomala. deta onse mu nkhani iyi ndi kutembenukira ku (X) HTML. Pamene ntchito JSON mtundu, muyenera kuchita malamulo kuti chinthu zonse JavaScript. M'pofunika kusamala ndi kuganizira mfundo yakuti hackers ambiri mukufuna kupereka malamulo njiru mwa njira imeneyi. Choncho ndikofunikira kusamalira ndondomeko yachinsinsi deta pamaso iwo kukonzedwa. Features wa kuzindikira kuti asakatuli osiyana angakhale osiyana pang'ono, koma ambiri, kanthu apa ndi chiwembu limodzi.

Ife kupempha makina ndi processing ayankhe

Akuyambira lonse zochita chiri motere:

1. Poyamba, muyenera kulenga ndi kuonetsetsa kuti pali XMLHttpRequest.
2. Ndiye initializes kugwirizana Seva.
3. Tumizani pempho kwa izo.
4. Tikuyembekezera deta kubwera, ndipo pokonza iwo.

Iwo ayenera kufotokoza mbali pa chilengedwe cha chinthu. Iwo akhoza kuyamba pa malo kuli kotheka kokha mwa chimango cha chinenero mapulogalamu. Koma ngati iye anapatsidwa udindo wa padziko lonse, kulikonse ina nthawi yoti zingatheke ntchito ndi chinthu chimodzi chokha. Pa nthawi imeneyi, muyenera tcheru. Ponena za mankhwala - apa timaganizira za chida osankhidwa. Choncho, ngati deta XML kukonzedwa ufumu-ntchito ndi kupereka wosuta ali zotsatira mu HTML. Ndipo chochita ndi JSON-oveteredwa? Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti ndi chinthu kalembedwe JavaScript. Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani? Chifukwa JSON chinthu akhoza ankayimiridwa ngati chingwe. Koma tiyenera kukumbukira kuti njira imeneyi si abwino mokwanira, ndi zambiri zinthu ayenera kuganizira. Koma mokulira, n'zosavuta kwambiri.

zinenero Server mbali mapulogalamu

Pafupifupi aliyense ntchito ukonde ofotokoza amawagwiritsira ntchito njira imodzi kapena wina. Pakuti HIV deta ndi Php otchuka. Pa zambiri kulemba owona kwa malo, kumene si kofunika deta kufala mlingo, ndi adalipo bwino pakati pa iye ndi zoona. XMLHttpRequest kufala njira zafotokozedwa pamwambapa.

Configuring seva

Kodi mapulogalamu zofunika kuti kwathunthu ntchito AJAX? Kodi zimenezi zimatipatsa? Kodi iwo kuti? Kuti tipeze mayankho a mafunso amenewa, muyenera mutidziwe bwino zifukwa zotsatirazi:

1. HTML / XHTML. Ali ofunikira kwa makina kuzindikira mawonekedwe page.
2. CSS. Chida ichi ndi zofunika zithunzi kusankha tsamba kamangidwe.
3. Ufumu. Ndi chofunika pofuna kusintha zazikulu pa tsamba monga kuyankha kanthu ndi wosuta.
4. XML. Chofunika kwa ukuthamana pakati kasitomala ndi makina.
5. JavaScript. Tiyenera kulenga cholozera "AJAX" ndi kupereka interactivity.
6. XMLHttpRequest. Chinthu kudzera zomwe mafunso adzakhala zimatumizidwa kwa makina.

Kugwiritsa ntchito malo

Kotero tsopano ife tiri nazo zonse chidziwitso ongolankhula ndi malingaliro za mmene AJAX. Kutumiza deta ndi tsopano amafuna mchitidwe ena. Tiyeni tione ambiri, momwe angafikire kukhazikitsa ntchitoyi ntchito "AJAX". Choncho, tiyenera kulenga dalaivala Nawonso achichepere. Ndipo iwo adzakhala osiyana zipangizo sipangakhalenso ntchito. Tikumbukenso kuti Nawonso achichepere pamwamba ndi lalikulu kwambiri, kotero ine kutumiza kwa kasitomala ndi malangizo kupanga kusankha ntchito JavaScript sizimatanthauza. Ndi zofunika kwambiri kukhala ndi tsamba ndi n'kupakiranso chifukwa chizindikiro limodzi. Pa makina zopempha adzakonza zolembedwa wapadera Php. Nawonso achichepere akuyendera ngati XML-file.

About Nawonso achichepere

M'pofunika ntchito matabwa ake. Nanga ngati magawo zapita, ndizo zinthu? Zikatero m'pofunika kupereka kwa chilengedwe cha variable, kumene sikudzakhala kugwirizana kwa chochitika kuitana kochokera kugwira ntchito. Kuti athe kulumikiza izo paliponse m'pofunika kuti mpambo lonse. Pakuti mayiko, ndi zofunika kugwiritsa ntchito kasamalidwe dongosolo Nawonso achichepere. Ndithudi, izi si koyenera. Koma kulola ntchito Nawonso achichepere ntchito bwinobwino ndi bwino ndi deta.

Tikugwira ntchito pa ntchito injini

Kodi zonse zidzachitika? Choncho, mukubwera chochitika, amene adzachititsa ntchito yapadera. Iye adzakonza kuyika kapena POST-deta kuti adzatumizidwa. Izo ndiye akuitana ntchito, umene apange apilo ku ulalo wa script Seva. M'pofunika chimanena chilengedwe cha XMLHttpRequest-chinthu. Ofanana izo ziyenera kusungidwa pa variable a. Pambuyo deta watumidwa kwa makina, muyenera kudikira kuti ayankhe kwa iye. Kuti tichite zimenezi, mukhoza kuyatsa "wiretapping" kuti mudziwe (ngati kudziwika, ankabwera ndi pamene) kapena kupereka ntchito kuti nthawi zonse adzakhala okonzeka kulandira deta. Chimake choyamba ndi zochepa odalirika vuto la zochitika zapadera. Tikazindikira chachiwiri - yokwera mtengo mawu chuma. Ngakhale ngati akuchita ndi kulemekeza variable wina, zilibe bwanji mofulumira Internet. Koma ngati pali mazana ndi zikwi, ndipo iwo adzakhala ndi mkulu kusamvana, - ndiye kudzakhala nkhani ina. Choncho anakadandaula kwa bwino pakati pa ntchito zinthu zomwe zilipo komanso ndi mphamvu. Pajatu ayenera kumvetsa kuti si onse ndi kukumbukira 16 GB. Izi zikhoza anapereka ena kuyembekezera nthawi kenako mmalo deta yapita kapena zomwe makina palibe pa nthawi ino.

Features

Pamene ntchito "AJAX" analengedwa ndi mawonekedwe tsamba kapena ntchito, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti chifukwa amagwira ntchito bwino pa machitidwe osiyana opaleshoni, ndi pa asakatuli osiyana. Mbali yoyamba adzatha kupereka kwambiri thandizo emulators. Ngati chachiwiri izo zidzakhala zokwanira basi kukhazikitsa zosiyanasiyana mapulogalamu ndi iwo kuyesa magwiridwe za ndondomekozi. M'pofunikanso kusamalira zinthu zina ndipo mu nkhani osatsegula wosuta zidzagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi akale kapena izo kutchinga zoikamo kutero. Zikatero, chisamaliro ayenera kumwedwa kwa achire wa malemba pa tsamba ponena chifukwa kuonerera malo mu nkhani iyi si zotheka. Inde, tsopano ambiri anthu pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono, koma musati kwathunthu apite chidwi kwa Mwina ndi chakuti peresenti ochepa alendo ntchito ena mapulogalamu chakale. Ndipo mu malonda lonse zingabweretse zotsatira zazikulu.

Pomaliza

Amene amabwera ku nkhani kumapeto kwa nkhani ino. Ngati ife kulankhula za "AJAX" pa lonse, chida ichi limakupatsani kulenga wokongola kwambiri ndi mbali kulemera Websites kuti ntchito mofulumira ndi mawonekedwe woyenera kupatsa owerenga ake n'kosangalatsa. Palibe kukaika kuti padzakhala ngakhale umisiri patsogolo kwambiri m'tsogolo, koma tsopano ife ntchito zimene tili. Monga kusintha kwa zinenero mapulogalamu ndi njira zikuoneka, ndipo zimenezi mwina kuti lidzakhala lilipo, njira kuti adzalenga kwambiri apamwamba mankhwala. Mulimonse mmene zinakhalira, imene akufuna tsopano kuti ali. Ndipo dzina ili - "AJAX".