Aaborijini Australia. Avstraliyskie Aborigeny - chithunzi

Australia Aaborijini - Native Africa. Fuko lonse akusiyana ena racially ndi linguistically. Anthu zakwawoko Amadziwikanso monga anthu otchedwa ma Bushmen la Australia. "Chitsamba Choyaka" amatanthauza danga lalikulu ndi kuchuluka kwa zitsamba ndi mitengo otsika. Mbali zimenezi sizachilendo kwa zigawo zingapo Australia ndi Africa.

mwachidule

Anthu zakwawoko amalankhula chinenero cha Australia. Only ena a iwo - mu Chingerezi. Avstraliyskie Aborigeny anthu makamaka m'madera kuti zili kutali kunja kwa mzinda. Angapezeke mu Central, North-West, North ndi North-East mbali m'dzikoli. A mbali zina za anthu zamakolo amakhala m'mizinda.

deta latsopano

Kwa nthawi yaitali anali ankaganiza kuti Aaborijini Tasmanian zayambika mosiyana mafuko ena Australia. Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti umayambira zaka zosachepera zikwi zingapo. maphunziro atsopano zimenezi si. Anapeza kuti Tasmanian chinenero Aaborijini ali ndi mawu ambiri ofanana ndi adverbs ena mafuko a kumwera Australia. Pa mpikisano deta mafuko zigwire mu gulu osiyana. Iwo amaonedwa Australia nthambi Australoid mpikisano.

Anthropology

Pa mfundo imeneyi Aaborijini a Australia, zithunzi limene anapereka m'nkhani ali wa mtundu womwewo wa khalidwe. Iye ali ndi makhalidwe ena. Aaborijini Australia wachita posonyeza makhalidwe a zovuta Negroid. The peculiarity wa Bushman ankaona chigaza mokwanira chachikulu. Ndi chizindikiro cha anayamba tsitsi ukachenjede. Panopa kukhazikika bwino kuti Avstraliyskie Aborigeny ali mbadwa fuko limodzi. Komabe, sikuti amapatula anthu ena. Pakuti nthawi wosanganiza mabanja yogawa anali lililonse chodabwitsa. Komanso tisaiwale kuti mafunde kusamuka pa Africa wakhala pang'ono. Pakati pawo panali kwambiri nthawi imeneyi. Anapeza kuti isanafike nthawi European kulamulira m'gawo la Australia, kunyumba kwa nambala yaikulu anthu anthuwa. Kukhala enieni - oposa mazana asanu mafuko osiyana. Aliyense wa iwo kulankhula zilankhulo zawo ndi chilankhulo.

Moyo wa Aaborijini a ku Australia

Anthu otchedwa ma Bushmen alibe nyumba zokhalamo, alibe ziweto. Aboriginals sindigwiritsa ntchito zovala. Iwo amakhala mu magulu osiyana, amene zikuchokera mwina kuphatikizapo anthu makumi asanu. Avstraliyskie Aborigeny ngakhale zili maziko gulu mafuko. Iwo akusowa luso zambiri zophweka kuti kusiyanitsa anthu ndi nyama. Mwachitsanzo, iwo sangathe kugwira nsomba, kuti mbale, kuti kusoka zovala kwa anthu ena. Ndipo komabe, tsopano akhoza kuchita ngakhale mafuko amene amakhala mu zikusowa Africa. M'zaka za m'ma XIX, kunachitika kafukufuku zogwirizana. Ndiye asayansi anazindikira kuti Aaborijini a Australia ndi ku malire zina pakati pa zinyama ndi anthu. Ichi ndi chifukwa zosaneneka nkhanza za moyo wawo. Panopa Australia Aaborijini - nthumwi ya mtundu kwambiri m'mbuyo.

Chiwerengero cha anthu a m'dziko

Ndi pang'ono kuposa anthu zikwi mazana anai. Ndithudi, izi ndi deta akale, chifukwa kalembera wa zinachitikadi pafupi zaka khumi zapitazo. Chiwerengero chimenechi chikuphatikizaponso mbadwa okhala dera la Torres Strait Islands. Anthu zakwawoko - pafupi twente-seveni zikwi anthu. mbadwa Local amadziŵika ndi magulu ena Australia. Choyamba, ichi ndi chifukwa kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe. Iwo ndi mbali zambiri zofanana ndi Papuans ndi Melanesians. Panopa ambiri Aaborijini a ku Australia moyo likuvutika ndalama lachifundo ndi chithandizo boma. njira ang'onoang'ono iwo pafupifupi mwathunthu anataya. Chotero, kusonkhana kalasi, nsomba ndi kusaka ndi kwina. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mbali zina za mbadwa, akukhala pa zilumba za Torres Strait, ali ndi dzanja mu ulimi. zikhulupiriro za chipembedzo Traditional apitiriza. Zotsatirazi mitundu ya Aaborijini:

1. Barrineansky.
2. Karpentariysky.
3. Myurreysky.

Development kwa alowererepo European

Tsiku lenileni la kuthetsa Australia silinakwaniritsidwe anakhazikitsa. Amaganiza kuti zimenezi zinachitika angapo zaka zikwi zapitazo. Australia makolo kubwera ku Asia South-East. Iwo anakwanitsa kugonjetsa makilomita pafupifupi nainte wa ngozi madzi. Wokondedwa anali ngati Pleistocene chokhala alumali. Pa Africa kumeneko dingo galu. Ambiri mwina, ichi chinali chifukwa inflow ena osamukawo amene anafika ndi nyanja zikwi zisanu zapitazo. Ichi ndi chifukwa maonekedwe a makampani mwala. Pamaso pa phukusi la mtundu European mitundu ndi chikhalidwe cha Aaborijini a ku Australia akhoza popitilira anatulukira zinangokhalako.

Pa kulamulira pa

Azungu atafika kuno m'zaka XVIII. Pa nthawi imeneyo, chiwerengero cha Aaborijini a ku Australia anali pafupifupi miliyoni. Iwo ndi ogwirizana magulu. The zikuchokera anthu Australia anali osiyanasiyana ndithu. Chifukwa, Africa wakhala mafuko oposa mazana asanu. Onse kusiyana ndi gulu chikhalidwe. Fuko lililonse linali ndi miyambo yake ndi nthano. Avstraliyskie Aborigeny ankalankhula zinenero zoposa mazana awiri. Nthawi ya kulamulira anali limodzi ndi chiwonongeko dala anthu zakwawoko. Avstraliyskie Aborigeny Ankawaphwanyira m'madera awo. Iwo anatulutsidwa mu malo zachilengedwe ovutika m'dzikoli. Inayamba mliri wa chinathandiza sakuyendetsa lakuthwa chiwerengero chawo. Mu 1921, Australia chiwerengero osalimba, makamaka zamakolo, sanali anthu oposa makumi asanu zikwi. M'tsogolo, mfundo za boma anasintha. Tinayamba kulenga malo otetezedwa. Akuluakulu aboma anali bungwe thandizo kuchipatala ndi chuma. Kuphatikiza zimenezi kwakukulukulu anathandiza chakuti osalimba a anthu a Australia kuchuluka.

chitukuko wotsatira

Palibe chinthu chotero monga "nzika Australia" kunalibe mpaka chiyambi cha 1949. nkhani British ankaona mbali yaikulu ya anthu a m'deralo. lamulo linasindikizidwa, chimene anthu onse zamakolo anakhala nzika Australia. Munthu aliyense anabadwa pa gawo pambuyo pa tsikulo, anali kale nzika basi. Mu zaka 90, chiwerengero cha Aaborijini a ku Australia mazana awiri ndi zikwi makumi asanu anthu. Ichi ndi mmodzi ndi gawo theka la chonse cha anthu m'dzikoli.

Aaborijini nthano

Zakwawoko Australia ankakhulupirira kuti si okha okha zenizeni thupi. Aaborijini ankakhulupirira kuti pali dziko limene makolo awo auzimu anthu. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti chowonadi thupi resonates naye. Ndipo chotero ali pa chilichonse kukopa ena mangawawo. Ankakhulupirira kuti kumwamba ndi malo onse zolengedwa zimenezi. Pa chisonyezo cha Moon ndi Sun bwanji zochita za makolo wauzimu. Ankaganizanso kuti akulimbikitseni ndi munthu wamoyo. Ikulu udindo mu nthano Aaborijini kusewera zakuthambo, nyenyezi ndi zina zotero D.. Ofukula akhala yaitali chinkhoswe mu phunziro makombo munali anthu otchedwa ma Bushmen zojambula. Padakali si bwino kuti akufotokozedwa zojambula thanthwe. Makamaka, kaya ndi Zamlengalenga kapena zithunzi zina ku moyo watsiku ndi tsiku? Aaborijini wogwidwa zambiri za mlengalenga. Icho chinakhazikitsidwa kuti iwo anali kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zakuthambo ndi kalendala kukhazikitsa. Komabe, pali zambiri zimene anali wotayika chikugwirizana ndi mbali ya mwezi. Komanso amadziwika kuti akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zakuthambo kuyenda sanali.