Nkhondo zaka seveni '

Zaka seveni 'zaka nkhondo 1756-1763 ali m'gulu la nkhondo yaikulu ankhondo pa nyengo yatsopano. Inachitika mu Europe ndi kunja: mu limati ya Caribbean, North America, ku Philippines ndi India. Mu nkhondo imeneyi, zokhudza mayiko onse akuluakulu ku Ulaya, ambiri m'mayiko ang'ono ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe European, ena amwenye. Zisanu ndi nkhondo ya zaka , Winston Churchill amatchedwa "First World." Limatchedwanso atsamunda ndipo, chifukwa chakuti nkhondo ya tinaonera zipolowe zinthu atsamunda ku Spain, France, Great Britain.

Ku Ulaya, nkhondo yaikulu inali chifukwa Silesia pakati Prussia ndi Austria, yomwe otsiriza otayika mu nkhondo yapita.

Zisanu ndi nkhondo ya zaka, zimayambitsa amene makamaka kugwirizana ndi Anglo-French atsamunda kupikisana ku North America inayamba kale kulengeza ake boma. Pankhondoyi chinali chiyambi cha kuphwanya mapangano alipo asilikali pandale ku Ulaya. Choncho, yokhala ananena ndi Britain mu 1756 inayambitsa nkhondo reorientation France mayiko ena a ku Ulaya.

Komabe, posakhalitsa gulu lachitatu. Mu Prussia, anadza zopangira Friedrich II. Kuyambira pamenepo, boma anayamba amati ndi mphamvu kutsogolera malamulo European.

Kulimbikitsa Prussia likuvutika anatengedwa kuchokera ku Austria Silesia mu Russia kunaoneka monga kuopseza zinthu Western ndi malire ake kumpoto kwa Ulaya ndi madera Baltic. nawo Russian mu nkhondo makamaka anatsimikiza pangano la mgwirizano ndi Austria.

Frederick II osati kudikira mpaka adani ake akanatsutsa kanthu, mu 1756, pa August 28, mwadzidzidzi litalanda Saxony, anagwirizana ndi Austria nakhala izo. Chiyambi cha 1757 zinali zodzaza ndi kulowa wa asilikali Prussian ku Bohemia. May 6 Austrians anagonjetsedwa ku Prague. Friedrich atapambana nkhondoyo ankati yomweyo kusamukira Vienna, koma mapulani ake kupewedwa ndi ankhondo Austria. Mu 1757, pa 18 June, ndi Austrians molamulidwa ndi L. Down inapha kugonjetsedwa katundu pa Prussians, motero dispelling bodza ofala invincibility awo. Mogwirizana ndi kulephera kuti Frederick II nkhondo anakakamizika kusiya anazinga Prague ndi kubwerera ku Saxony.

Mu 1757, mu October, zouluka kumuwombera Hadikov mwachidule analanda Berlin (likulu la Prussia). Kwa mudzi ndi kutenga kuopseza dziko, Frederick II chitaya asilikali ake ku Silesia. Pa December 5, Prussians anali anagonjetsa Austrians pa Leuthen. Choncho anali akwaniritsa "nkhondo ndi kukoka."

nawo Russia mu zaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri nkhondo anayamba m'chilimwe cha 1757. asilikali Russian analamula Apraksin. Boma, zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri 'nkhondo opambana. Choncho, mu njira ya maudani, mothandizidwa ndi thupi Baltic zombo Fermor anatenga Memel, ndi zipolowe a magulu waukulu wa asilikali Russian kwa Prussians mu Grosse Egersdorf inathera ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa Frederick.

Mu 1759, 12 August, asilikali Prussian idagonjetsedwa pankhondo ya kunersdorf. Izi ndi kuvulala zina amakakamizidwa Frederick II ndikhudze zinthu mwatsatanetsatane kwa England kukhazikitsa msonkhano mtendere. Komabe, pempholo sichinayambe muyika mumachitidwe chifukwa intransigence wa Austria ndi Russia. mphamvu awiriwa ankaganiza kuti ntchito chigonjetso mu 1759 mu kampeni wotsatira kwa ntchito kutsiriza kuukira Prussia.

Choncho, panabuka anapitiriza.

1761 unalibe ndi nkhondo iliyonse yaikulu. Pa nthawi imeneyi, zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri 'nkhondo inaliko kwakukulukulu machenjerero.

Pa nthawi yomweyo Frederick yekha, ndi onse a ku Ulaya sakhulupirira kuti Prussia akhoza kupewa kugonja. Zinaonekeratu kuti boma ka chuma mwachinsinsi ndi mphamvu ya otsutsa ndi.

Ngakhale Friedrich angayambe kufunafuna njira nkhani mtendere, afa mu Russian Elizaveta Petrovna. M'malo mwake, zimatengera wachifumu wa Peter 3. Monga nthawi yaitali admirer wa Frederick, Mfumu ya Russia anasaina dziko St. Petersburg naye, kukana mwaufulu kwa akupeza onse. Zimenezi n'zimene Petulo 3 ndi ndondomeko zake zonse achititsa amphamvu mkwiyo pa anthu Russian. Mfumu anataya kutchuka, chifukwa, unagonjetsedwa.

Zaka seveni 'Union chitatha chifukwa cha kutopa pamagulu chikumenyana mu 1763.